Double pyrovanadates CaMgV2O7: Formation mechanism,phase structure,and thermodynamic properties

A double pyrovanadate CaMgV₂O₇ sample was synthesized via a facile solid-state route under an air atmosphere. The nonequilibrium formation pathways of the CaMgV₂O₇ were investigated via powder X-ray diffraction. A multistep reactions path (metavanadates–pyrovanadates–double pyrovanadate CaMgV₂O₇) was proposed to describe the formation of the CaMgV₂O₇ considering the thermodynamic and kinetic factors. The cell unit parameters of the CaMgV₂O₇ sample indicated the crystallization according to a monoclinic system with space group P12/c1(14), and the lattice parameters of a = 6.756 Å, b = 14.495 Å, c = 11.253 Å, β = 99.12, and V = 108.806 Å³. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirmed the +5 oxidation state vanadium in CaMgV₂O₇. The endothermic effects at 1033 and 1143 K were related to the incongruent melting and liquidus temperatures of CaMgV₂O₇, respectively. The comprehensive thermodynamic properties of CaMgV₂O₇ were established in both low- and high-temperature regions, utilizing a physical property measurement system and multi-high-temperature calorimetry (96 lines). The heat capacity (200 J mol K⁻¹) and entropy (198 J mol K⁻¹) at 298.15 K were computed based on the low-temperature heat capacity values, and the enthalpy of formation at 298.15 K was also estimated. The fitted high-temperature capacity can be used to obtain the changes in the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy. This study is part of building a reliable thermodynamic database of the CaO–MgO–V₂O₅ system.     

Application of artificial neural network method to predict the breakage properties of PGE bearing chromite ore

In the present investigation, systematic grinding experiments were conducted in a laboratory ball mill to determine the breakage properties of low-grade PGE bearing chromite ore. The population balance modeling technique was used to study the breakage parameters such as primary breakage distribution (B_{i, j}) and the specific rates of breakage (S_i). The breakage and selection function values were determined for six feed sizes. The results stated that the breakage follows the first-order grinding kinetics for all the feed sizes. It was observed that the coarser feed sizes exhibit higher selection function values than the finer feed size. Further, an artificial neural network was used to predict breakage characteristics of low-grade PGE bearing chromite ore. The predicted results obtained from the neural network modeling were close to the experimental results with a correlation of determination R² = 0.99 for both product size and selection function.     

Adaptation to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Enhances Resistance of Oral Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by Up-Regulating Polymerase η and Increasing DNA Repair Efficiency

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an adaptive program to cope with cellular stress that disturbs the function and homeostasis of ER, which commonly occurs during cancer progression to late stage. Late-stage cancers, mostly requiring chemotherapy, often develop treatment resistance. Chemoresistance has been linked to ER stress response; however, most of the evidence has come from studies that correlate the expression of stress markers with poor prognosis or demonstrate proapoptosis by the knockdown of stress-responsive genes. Since ER stress in cancers usually persists and is essentially not induced by genetic manipulations, we used low doses of ER stress inducers at levels that allowed cell adaptation to occur in order to investigate the effect of stress response on chemoresistance. We found that prolonged tolerable ER stress promotes mesenchymal–epithelial transition, slows cell-cycle progression, and delays the S-phase exit. Consequently, cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly decreased in stress-adapted cells, implying their acquisition of cisplatin resistance. Molecularly, we found that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ubiquitination and the expression of polymerase η, the main polymerase responsible for translesion synthesis across cisplatin-DNA damage, were up-regulated in ER stress-adaptive cells, and their enhanced cisplatin resistance was abrogated by the knockout of polymerase η. We also found that a fraction of p53 in stress-adapted cells was translocated to the nucleus, and that these cells exhibited a significant decline in the level of cisplatin-DNA damage. Consistently, we showed that the nuclear p53 coincided with strong positivity of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) on immunostaining of clinical biopsies, and the cisplatin-based chemotherapy was less effective for patients with high levels of ER stress. Taken together, this study uncovers that adaptation to ER stress enhances DNA repair and damage tolerance, with which stressed cells gain resistance to chemotherapeutics.     

Design and fabrication of lutetium aluminum silicate glass and nanostructured glass for radiation detection

Flexible scintillating fiber plays an important role in X-ray radiation monitoring and high-resolution medical imaging, while construction of scintillating fiber derived from the commercial material system meet with limited success. Here, we report the design and successful fabrication of the Ce-activated lutetium aluminum silicate glass, nanostructured glass, and fiber, and explore their scintillating properties. The scintillating glass with optimized composition and optical properties is determined. The crystallization behavior of lutetium aluminum silicate glass is studied and the nanostructured glass embedded with orthorhombic Lu₂Si₂O₇ phase is successfully constructed for the first time. Importantly, the crystalline layer thickness of the nanostructured glass can be finely tuned and ~172.89% enhancement in the scintillating performance can be achieved. Furthermore, the fiber with large sized core is fabricated and its radiation response properties are tested. The results show that it exhibits high sensitivity and its scintillating emission is lineally dependent on the X-ray power, indicating the potential application for radiation detection.     

7-Amidocoumarins as Multitarget Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases: Substitution Pattern Modulation

This study explores the potential of 7-amidocoumarins as multitarget agents against Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, by modulating the substitution patterns within the scaffold. Sixteen compounds were synthesized via 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin acylation, and in vitro evaluation of the molecules against hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBuChE and hBACE1 was performed. Five compounds turned out to be potent and selective hMAO-B inhibitors in the nanomolar range, six displayed inhibitory activity of hMAO-A in the low micromolar range, one showed hAChE inhibitory activity and another one hBACE1 inhibitory activity. MAO-B reversibility profile of 7-(4’-chlorobenzamido)-4-methylcoumarin ( 10 ) was investigated, with this compound being a reversible inhibitor. Neurotoxicity on motor cortex neurons and neuroprotection against H₂O₂ were also studied, corroborating the safety profile of these molecules. Finally, theoretical ADME properties were also calculated, showing these molecules as good candidates for the optimization of a lead compound. Results suggest that by modulating the substitution pattern at position 7 of the scaffold, selective or multitarget molecules can be achieved.     

Design,Synthesis, and in vitro Evaluation of P2X7 Antagonists

The P2X7 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of various diseases due to its significant role in inflammation and immune cell signaling. This work describes the design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of a series of novel derivatives bearing diverse scaffolds as potent P2X7 antagonists. Our approach was based on structural modifications of reported (adamantan-1-yl)methylbenzamides able to inhibit the receptor activation. The adamantane moieties and the amide bond were replaced, and the replacements were evaluated by a ligand-based pharmacophore model. The antagonistic potency of the synthesized analogues was assessed by two-electrode voltage clamp experiments, using Xenopus laevis oocytes that express the human P2X7 receptor. SAR studies suggested that the replacement of the adamantane ring by an aryl-cyclohexyl moiety afforded the most potent antagonists against the activation of the P2X7 cation channel, with analogue 2-chloro-N-[1-(3-(nitrooxymethyl)phenyl)cyclohexyl)methyl]benzamide ( 56 ) exhibiting the best potency with an IC₅₀ value of 0.39 μM.     

基于负荷预测的0.4 kV配网低电压风险评估方法

我国现阶段的配电网网架结构依然十分薄弱,智能化水平低,缺乏先进的检测技术和高效的运维模式。在现阶段低压电气信息不开源的情况下,为解决0.4 kV配网无差别运维效率低的问题,文章分析了适用于低压配网状态评估的评价维度,并基于负荷预测结果提出了低压台区低电压风险评估方法,引入了微增容量所引起的压降比,实现对低电压风险的定期管控。该文对于优化低压配电网运维资源配置、指导低压配网差异化运维模式的建立,以及提高低压配电网运维整治效率具有一定的参考价值。     

流式分析技术快速定量检测牛乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7

建立一种基于流式分析技术的快速定量检测牛乳中大肠杆菌O157:H7的方法。用偶联有异硫氰酸荧光素的大肠杆菌O157单克隆抗体对大肠杆菌O157:H7进行特异性标记,通过优化抗体反应条件,建立流式检测方法,然后对磷酸盐缓冲溶液(phosphate buffer saline,PBS)和人工污染牛乳样品中不同浓度的大肠杆菌O157:H7进行定量检测。本研究建立的流式检测方法的在PBS中的检测范围为2.57×10~3~1.12×10~8 CFU/m L,灵敏度达到2.57×10~3 CFU/m L。将所建立的流式检测方法应用于牛乳样品检测,当人工污染牛乳样品中大肠杆菌O157:H7的浓度在2.31×10~4~1.48×10~8 CFU/m L之间时,流式检测方法与平板计数方法检测结果基本一致,方法的灵敏度为2.31×10~4 CFU/m L,检测时间为35 min。该方法能快速、定量地检测出牛乳样品中的大肠杆菌O157:H7,在食源性致病菌的快速筛查和监控中具有重要的应用价值。     

第七届世界军人运动会核与辐射风险评估与控制

武汉市涉核单位众多,存在一定的核与辐射事故风险。通过对武汉市举办第七届世界军人运动会可能存在的核与辐射风险因素进行识别及评价,确定可能发生的12类核与辐射事故类型及风险水平,进而有针对性的制定风险防控措施,做到辐射应急管理关口前移,在保证军运会期间核技术利用单位正常生产活动的基础上有效的保障了核与辐射安全。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段页岩全组分定量生烃模拟及原油可动性评价

页岩油和致密油是中国目前油气勘探的热点，页岩生烃模拟实验可为此类油气资源勘探提供重要数据。以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段（长7段）页岩为例，利用金管-高压釜模拟生烃装置，系统研究了Ⅱ型有机质在与"生油窗"对应的成熟度范围（Easy R_o 0.7%~1.6%）内生烃产物中的气体烃（C_1-5）、轻烃（C_6-14）、重烃（C₁₄₊）、各族组分，以及生烃残渣的地球化学特征。发现长7段页岩在生油期可同时生成2.35~103.91 mL/g的气体烃和10.83~88.24 mg/g的轻烃。重烃的生成高峰对应的Easy R_o约为1.0%，与其中的饱和烃、芳烃和非烃的高峰产率对应的成熟度非常接近。重烃中沥青质的产率在Easy R_o约1.35%后开始下降，说明沥青质在此后才开始大量裂解与固化。而对原油物性影响很大的轻重比[（气体烃+轻烃）/重烃]及气油比[气体烃/（轻烃+重烃）]随成熟度增加而不断增大，其增速分别在Easy R_o为1.05%~1.15%之后明显变快。在生油过程中，长7段页岩残渣HI值和H元素的大量减少、干酪根固体碳同位素的变重均发生在Easy R_o约1.00%之前。干酪根碳同位素的变化相对较小，在鄂尔多斯盆地可以作为母源指标。通过对生烃产物中6种常见生物标志物成熟度参数的对比，证实多环芳烃成熟度参数中的甲基菲指数（MPI）和甲基菲比值（F1）在整个生油窗内都与成熟度有很好的线性相关性，可用于鄂尔多斯盆地母源为长7段页岩的原油成熟度判识。生烃产物的各地球化学特征变化节点、以及成熟度指标可用于鄂尔多斯盆地长7段页岩油或相关致密油资源的可采性评价。