Microstructure,mechanical, tribological,and oxidizing properties of AlCrSiN/AlCrVN/AlCrNbN multilayer coatings with different modulated thicknesses

Multilayer structure design is one of the most promising methods for improving the comprehensive performance of AlCrN-based hard coatings applied to cutting tools. In this study, four types of AlCrSiN/AlCrVN/AlCrNbN multilayer coatings, with different modulated thicknesses, were deposited to investigate their microstructure, mechanical, tribological, and oxidizing properties. All multilayer coatings exhibited grain growth along the crystallographic plane of (200) with a NaCl-type face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The results show that, as the modulation thickness decreases from ～35 nm to ～10 nm, (1) the grain refinement effect is increasingly evident; (2) all multilayer coatings show a hardness of >30 GPa and an elastic modulus of >300 GPa. Both the ability to resist elastic strain to failure and the plastic deformation of multilayer coatings increase. In addition, their resistance to cracking reduces; (3) the wear rates of these multilayer coatings reduce successively from 1.78 × 10^?16 m³ N^?1 m^?1 to 7.7 × 10^?17 m³ N^?1 m^?1. This is attributed to an increase in self-lubricating VO_x and a decrease in adhesives from the counterparts; (4) the best high-temperature oxidation resistance was obtained for the multilayer coating with a modulated thickness of ～15 nm.     

Thermostability,oxidation, and high-temperature tribological properties of nano-multilayered AlCrSiN/VN coatings

In this study, monolithic AlCrSiN, VN, and nano-multilayered AlCrSiN/VN coatings were deposited using a hybrid deposition system combining arc ion plating and pulsed direct current magnetron sputtering. The microstructure, thermostability, mechanical, oxidation and tribological properties of the coatings were comparably investigated. The multilayered AlCrSiN/VN coating exhibited a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with (200) preferred orientation and showed the highest hardness (30.7 ± 0.5 GPa) among these three coatings due to the multilayer interface enhancement mechanism and higher compressive stress. The AlCrSiN sublayers effectively prevented the V element from rapid outward diffusion to the surface of AlCrSiN/VN coating at elevated temperatures, which improved the oxidation resistance of the coating. Decomposition of V (Cr)–N bonds occurred at annealing temperatures from 800 °C to 1000 °C and V₂N phase appeared at 1100 °C. The AlCrSiN/VN coating showed excellent tribological performance at high temperatures by combining the merits of VN layers for low friction coefficient and AlCrSiN layers for superior oxidation resistance. Compared to VN and AlCrSiN coatings, AlCrSiN/VN coating showed the lowest wear rate of 2.6×10^-15 m³/N·m at 600 °C and lowest friction coefficient of 0.26 at 800 °C with a relativity low wear rate of 39.4×10^-15 m³/N·m.     

Electrolytic removal of chromium rich PVD coatings from hardmetals substrates

The electrochemical behaviour of AlCrSiN coatings deposited on WC–Co substrates has been studied using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization techniques in solutions consisting of 0.5 M H₂SO₄ and different concentrations of oxalic and citric acids. Polarization curves show that coatings are efficiently removed by applying current densities around 70 mA/cm² for 5 to 10 min. Both oxalic and citric acids act as corrosion inhibitors protecting the hardmetal substrate after the coating removal. In both cases the maximum inhibition efficiency is obtained for concentrations around 0.1 M. Corrosion protection can be associated to the adsorption of carboxylic groups onto the hardmetal substrate. The free energies calculated by applying the Langmuir equation to the corrosion currents are in the range of those found for physisorption phenomena. Electrolytes based on citric additions lead to higher adsorption constants (K_ads), which could explain their higher inhibition efficiency.     

AlCrSiN涂层刀具干车削Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的切削性能研究

使用未涂层的和AlCrSiN涂层的硬质合金车刀片以3种切削速度干式车削Ti-6Al-4V钛合金。研究发现AlCrSiN涂层刀片的切削寿命在各切削速度下都超过无涂层刀片, 而切削力、切削温度和工件表面粗糙度3项指标均低于无涂层刀具, 说明AlCrSiN涂层能够有效地保护基体从而维持刀具的锋利度。2种刀具在切削过程中均出现切削力先上升后下降的现象, 这与二者高温下产生的润滑氧化物有关。切削温度和工件粗糙度都与后刀面磨损量有正相关关系, 即随着后刀面磨损量的增加, 温度和粗糙度都随之增加, 但温度的增加还与前刀面第一变形区塑性变形增大, 热量增加有关。另外, 2种刀具产生的切屑尺寸、颜色、锯齿频率也证明了AlCrSiN涂层刀具磨损较慢,切削温度较低。     

占空比对脉冲电弧离子镀AlCrSiN涂层热稳定性和抗氧化性的影响

采用脉冲和直流电弧离子镀技术制备AlCrSiN涂层,研究占空比对涂层结构和性能的影响。采用扫描电镜观测涂层的生长形貌和化学成分,利用XRD分析涂层的相组成,结合光电子能谱技术分析涂层中元素化学键价,并通过纳米压痕法检测涂层的硬度和弹性模量。此外,对涂层进行真空退火和氧化处理,以评价涂层的高温结构和力学稳定性以及抗氧化性。结果表明：AlCrSiN涂层均为非晶Si₃N₄包裹纳米晶（Al, Cr）N的纳米复合结构;脉冲电弧沉积可以改善涂层的表面质量、提高组织致密性和硬度。占空比为1%时,AlCrSiN涂层具有最小的表面粗糙度（47 nm）和最高的硬度（31.5 GPa）。AlCrSiN涂层具有良好的热稳定性,950℃退火后其硬度仍高于30 GPa。AlCrSiN涂层的抗氧化温度超过1000℃;占空比的增加涂层的抗氧化性略有提升。     

Industrial applications of superhard nanocomposite coatings

Recent progress in the development and industrialization of superhard and tough nanocomposite coatings, which consist of hard transition metal nitride nanocrystals “glued together” by about 1 monolayer of silicon nitride, is summarized and documented by selected illustrative examples. It is shown that already the presently available superhard nanocomposites applied on machining, stamping and forming tools significantly increase their lifetime and the cutting speed, and consequently also the overall productivity of the machining operations. Further improvement of the presently available and newly developed nanocomposite coatings will push the machining technology towards new horizons. Besides of the superhard nanocomposites, also medium hard, but very tough thick coatings with low internal stress applied to forming tools increase their lifetime by at least one order of magnitude.     

基体偏压对AlCrSiN涂层结构及力学性能的影响

AlCrSiN涂层因具有高硬度、优异的耐磨损性及抗高温氧化性而备受关注。为提高AlCrSiN涂层的性能,采用电弧离子镀技术制备了AlCrSiN涂层,研究了基体偏压对AlCrSiN涂层微观组织及力学性能的影响。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度计、划痕仪及球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机对AlCrSiN涂层的表面形貌、物相组成和力学性能进行表征。研究结果表明:不同基体偏压的AlCrSiN涂层具有B1-NaCl晶体结构和无柱状晶结构;适当提高基体偏压,可细化AlCrSiN涂层的晶粒,提高涂层的表面质量及致密性,从而提高涂层的性能;基体偏压为150V的涂层致密性最好,具有更高的硬度(3 430HV)、结合力(76N)及更好的耐磨损性能。     

Design of cycle structure on microstructure,mechanical properties and tribology behavior of AlCrN/AlCrSiN coatings

AlCrN/AlCrSiN coatings with cycle structure, composed of fcc-CrN, hcp-AlN and amorphous Si₃N₄ phases, were fabricated to protect high speed steel (HSS) tools by high energy ion source enhanced multi-arc ion plating technology with Al₇₀Cr₃₀ and Al₆₀Cr₃₀Si₁₀ alloying targets. With the increasing cycle structure, the crystal grains of AlCrN layers was refined from 60–110 nm to 8–15 nm, and the growth behavior transformed from (200)fcc to the coexistence of both (200)fcc and (111)fcc preferred orientation as demonstrated by GIXRD spectrum, calculated texture coefficient and HRTEM results. The HRTEM results investigated that the inter-planar spacing of CrN(111) was basically equal to that of AlN(0002) with parallel orientation relationship and the interface-1 between the substrate and adhesion layer with a semi-coherent appearance presented a specific orientation relationship. The coating with two cycle structure (Cycle 2) possessed better adhesion strength (HF1 grade, 62.7±1.3 N of Lc2), higher hardness (30.2±1.7 GPa), better fracture toughness (0.099 of H/E, 0.29 GPa of H³/E² and 9.8±0.3 MPa m^1/2 of K_IC under 20 kgf loading), lower friction coefficient (0.54), less wear rate (4.2 × 10^?16 m³/N·m) and longer service life (7.4 m).     

沉积温度对电弧离子镀AlCrSiN涂层的影响

目的 优化涂层制备工艺,改善AlCrSiN涂层的力学及摩擦性能。方法 采用可调节磁场强度的新型电弧离子镀技术,在不同沉积温度下研制AlCrSiN涂层。利用XRD及SEM分析AlCrSiN涂层的相结构、截面形貌,借助纳米压痕仪、划痕测试仪、高温摩擦磨损试验机以及台阶仪测试AlCrSiN涂层硬度、膜/基结合强度以及摩擦磨损性能。系统分析沉积温度对AlCrSiN涂层的成分分布、微观结构演变、力学性能的影响,并研究沉积温度对AlCrSiN涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响规律及磨损机制。结果 随着沉积温度逐渐升高,涂层吸附原子的活性增强,涂层沉积速率出现先上升、再下降的趋势。随着沉积温度升高,涂层中的Cr₂N相逐渐替代CrN相,且hcp-AlN相沿(11■0)晶面择优生长。各沉积温度下,AlCrSiN涂层均与单晶硅片基体表面结合良好,且具有良好的致密性。沉积温度的升高,增强了原子的扩散能力,致使晶粒尺寸增大。随着沉积温度升高,涂层的硬度及弹性模量均呈上升趋势,而H/E、H³/E*²均先升高、后降低,涂层膜/基结合强度逐渐增大。当沉积温度为3...