青霉素直通法生产6-APA工业化研究

为了降低6-氨基青霉烷酸（6-APA）的生产成本,采用了直通、脱酯、萃取工艺对6-APA的生产工艺进行了改进,使得总收率和质量得到提高,大幅度降低了6-APA的生产成本,提高了6-APA及后续产品的市场竞争力.     

乙二醇装置不锈钢管道开车前脱脂清洗

叙述了乙二醇装置不锈钢管道开车前脱脂清洗的必要性,着重介绍了清洗工艺流程、清洗前的准备工作、清洗药剂、配方以及清洗操作等,经实际应用,清洗效果良好,到达了预期脱脂效果。     

现代磷化工艺实践 第一部分──脱脂

详细介绍了磷化前处理脱脂方法、适用情况、工作条件和注意事项,并列举了实用配方。     

Comparative Study of 9×19 mm Ammunition Combustion Products and Residues

During the last decades, authorities’ awareness on environmental and human health impact at national and international level has increased in the field of small arms ammunition containing lead and antimony. Thus, the evolution of environmental policies regarding production and use of heavy metals and their compounds, especially in EU countries, implied extensive studies on the environmental implications of 9×19 mm caliber ammunition use, especially in indoor shooting ranges. In this context, the paper describes the experimental studies performed on Pb‐containing conventional FMJ (full metal jacketed) ammunition and comparative measurements on new ammunition designed for training. The combustion products and residues from conventional Pb‐containing ammunition and Cu‐based “greener” ammunition were compared in terms of gaseous products, metal concentration in aerosols and metal concentrations in solid residues. Gas emissions and solid residues were measured for four different types of ammunitions. The results showed that the copper content of the residue is significantly higher in case of Cu‐containing composite bullets. For the ammunition equipped with Pb bullet, an important percentage of the Pb residue is generated by erosion of the exposed part of the bullet core. On the other hand, the ammunition containing Cu‐composite bullet generates large quantities of Cu residues, which have similar environmental impact and less impact on human health. Gas analysis indicated the presence of CO and NO_x and, surprisingly, high concentrations of HCN, CH₄, and NH₃. Lower gas concentrations are obtained for the composite bullets due to an incomplete combustion of gun propellant.     

重型卡车车架磷化工艺

重型卡车的车架材质主要由热轧板组成,其表面疏松、多孔,车架表面在脱脂、水洗、表调等工序中极易发黄、生锈.本文对前处理剂进行改进,使之适应热轧板的特性.研究了磷化液中Zn2+、Mn2+及Ni2+质量浓度对磷化膜表面形貌、膜重、P比(即Zn2Fe(PO4)2·4H2O与Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O之比)的影响,得出这几种离...     

铝合金硫酸阳极氧化膜层颜色的形成与控制

给出了铝合金化学除油及硫酸阳极氧化工艺条件.分析了影响铝合金硫酸阳极氧化膜层颜色的因素,如铝合金成分,机械加工方式,膜层均匀度和腐蚀等.     

废旧炮弹销毁设计与施工

为彻底消除安全隐患、稳定社会治安,某市集中销毁了各类收缴的废旧炮弹。本文阐述了弹药销毁的设计和施工组织过程,包括待销毁炸弹种类鉴定、销毁场地选择、炸弹运输、诱爆药量计算、布弹装药、起爆网路、安全措施、施工组织等内容。经过精心设计和运作,废旧炸弹销毁获得圆满成功,为类似工作提供了有益的经验。     

弹药侵彻混凝土的火工品环境力分析

为了研究弹药侵彻过程中的火工品受力环境,通过文献和实弹试验结果,分析了弹药侵彻单层混凝土目标时火工品承受的过载加速度值、过载持续时间和过载波形特性.37~100mm口径弹药以300~450m/s侵彻目标时,加速度峰值在15 000g~50 000g,过载持续时间集中在4~5ms.侵彻混凝土和钢筋混凝土(2%钢筋率)目标时过载特性和过载值基本相同.火工品在弹药侵彻过程中将承受交替的压缩和拉伸的应力波作用,同时也承受低频减速过载作用.     

Effect of technological factors on the quality of joints in the container brazing of steels in zinc vapours

Steel 08Yu container soldering in zinc vapour is studied. It is established that alkaline solution degreasing without preliminary cleaning enables maximal durability and minimal imperfection of the soldered joint, and mechanical properties depend on the zinc content in the soldered seam.     

高压水射流技术在弹药表面除油中的应用

弹药在使用、修理和报废处理前,必须清除外表面所涂油层。介绍了目前我军弹药涂油的种类及相关参数,通过分析现行传统弹药除油方法的缺点和不足,从提高除油效率和质量以及安全环保角度考虑,提出利用高压水射流去除弹药外表面涂油层的新工艺。根据弹药内部装填有炸药、火药等易燃易爆品的特点,分析了高压水射流相关参数确定的制约因素、除油系统的组成和利用高压水射流技术进行弹药除油的优点。