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1.
An analytical model for gas leakage through contact interface in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(75):32273-32286
Sealing performance between two contacting surfaces is of significant importance to stable operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this work, an analytical micro-scale approach is first established to predict the gas leakage in fuel cells. Gas pressure and uneven pressure distribution at the interface are also included in the model. At first, the micro tortuous leakage path at the interface is constructed by introducing contact modelling and fractal porous structure theory. In order to obtain the leakage at the entire surface, contact pressure distribution is predicted based on bonded elastic layer model. The gas leakage through the discontinuous interface can be obtained with consideration of convection and diffusion. Then, experiments are conducted to validate the numerical model, and good agreement is obtained between them. Finally, influences of surface topology, gasket compression and gasket width on leakage are studied based on the model. The results show that gas leakage would be greatly amplified when the asperity standard deviation of surface roughness exceeds 1.0 μm. Gaskets with larger width and smaller thickness are beneficial to sealing performance. The model is helpful to understand the gas leakage behavior at the interface and guide the gasket design of fuel cells. 相似文献
2.
黏土束缚水是储层测井评价的重要内容之一。采用扩散双电层理论推导出黏土束缚水孔隙度(ϕcw)与阳离子交换量之间的理论公式,通过岩心阳离子交换实验测定ϕcw。依据核磁共振—阳离子交换联测实验,对比分析了传统3ms黏土束缚水T2截止值测定ϕcw的误差,明确了黏土束缚水T2截止值与核磁共振不同截止值计算的ϕcw之间的变化规律,建立了变黏土束缚水T2截止值计算模型,从而实现核磁共振测井精细计算ϕcw的方法并给出具体计算步骤。应用效果表明,相比传统3ms核磁共振测井计算的ϕcw,所提新方法计算结果更合理,与岩心分析结论更匹配,是黏土束缚水评价的一种有效手段。 相似文献
3.
目的:优化对比液相色谱双柱法和高效离子交换色谱法两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的方法,同时建立一种新的低聚半乳糖换算系数(K值)计算方法;方法:对现有上述两种测定低聚半乳糖含量的检测方法进行对比分析,筛选出分离效果更好的糖柱,并进一步优化色谱条件。结果:优化后的液相色谱双柱法对低聚半乳五糖到低聚半乳八糖的分离效果明显提升,提高了测定准确度,而高效离子交换色谱法操作更加简便;根据不同样品选用不同K值来计算低聚半乳糖含量的方式可进一步提升结果的精确性。结论:两种方法均可有效对低聚半乳糖含量进行检验分析,高效离子交换色谱法检测灵敏度较高,且已被AOAC等国际权威机构纳入标准检测方法,可作为低聚半乳糖含量测定的标准仲裁法;液相色谱双柱法测定低聚半乳糖更为简便快捷,经济适用,可用于生产企业日常产品检测。 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(14):8943-8955
In this research, a technical, economic and environmental analysis has been proposed to a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system-based hybrid system including biomass, gas turbine, and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer. A multi-objective optimization technique has been utilized to improve the overall product cost and the exergy effectiveness based on a developed version of Aquila Optimizer (DAO). The main idea of using the developed version is to improve the accuracy and the precision of the original Aquila optimizer. The system is then authenticated in terms of energy/exergy effectiveness, and energy-economic efficiency. The achievements indicate that employing the optimization algorithm for different configurations provided satisfying results for the system. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(99):41920-41931
A polymer electrolyte membrane is considered as the heart of fuel cells. Here we report the preparation of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) blend poly (methyl methacrylate)-co-poly (sodium-4-styrene sulfonate) (PMMA-co-PSSNa) by solvent evaporation method. Three different types of PEMs have been prepared by using different ratios of PVDF and PMMA-co-PSSNa copolymer. We have investigated the effect of concentration of PVDF on water uptake, ion exchange capacity, mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stability, proton conductivity (Km), and methanol permeability (PM) of the blend membranes. These blend PEMs showed good physicochemical and electrochemical properties along with thermal and oxidative stability. The membrane prepared from PVDF (45% w/w) to PMMA-co-PSSNa (55% w/w) exhibited optimum PM at room temperature (8.38 × 10?7 cm2s?1). This low fuel crossover and high relative selectivity can make our prepared blend membranes a potential candidate in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) or direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(54):22981-22992
In this study, a three-dimensional model was established using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to study the internal ice melting process of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The single-point second-order curved boundary condition was adopted. The effects of GDL carbon fiber number, growth slope of the number of carbon fibers and carbon fiber diameter on ice melting were studied. The results were revealed that the temperature in the middle and lower part of the gradient distribution GDL is significantly higher than that of the no-gradient GDL. With the increase of the growth slope of the number of carbon fiber, the temperature and melting rate gradually increase, and the position of the solid-liquid interface gradually decreases. The decrease in the number of carbon fibers has a similar effect as the increase in the growth slope of the number of carbon fibers. In addition, as the diameter of the carbon fiber increases, the position of the solid-liquid interface gradually decreases first and then increases. 相似文献
7.
两相传输是影响质子交换膜水电解系统性能的关键因素。为掌握质子交换膜水电解单元中多孔扩散层内气液两相传输规律,基于数值重构的三维多孔扩散层结构,采用格子Boltzmann两相流动模型模拟研究了扩散层内两相传输过程,详细分析了扩散层孔隙率和表面接触角对气泡传输与分布的影响。数值模拟结果表明:孔隙率减小会明显降低气体渗透率,从而导致气泡难以在扩散层内找到有效传输通道。接触角的增大不仅增加了气泡在界面堆积的风险,也减缓了气泡在孔隙内的传输速度。从孔隙尺度水平初步掌握了质子交换膜水电解单元多孔扩散层内两相传输规律,可为高性能水电解系统设计和优化提供理论支撑。 相似文献
8.
基于18-冠-6醚环腔体可与K+形成1∶1型稳定的络合物,通过掺杂的方式将4,4'-二氨基-二苯并-18-冠-6(A18C6)引入离子交换膜基材料中并成膜,然后利用1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯(TMC)对A18C6分子进行交联固定,制得一系列改性阳离子交换膜。通过改变A18C6的含量和TMC的反应时间来调控阳离子交换膜的基体结构,系统考察了改性膜在K+/Mg2+、K+/Na+ 和K+/Li+的二元体系中对K+的电渗析选择性。研究结果表明,在电流密度为5.0 mA·cm-2的条件下,最优膜M-A18C6-10%-T30在K+/Mg2+和K+/Li+体系中对K+的选择性( , )高于商业的单价选择性阳离子交换膜CIMS( )。A18C6的掺杂引入不仅提高了膜基体的致密性(孔径筛分效应),也为K+在膜基体中的传输提供了新的离子传输通道(离子-偶极作用)。 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(19):10736-10746
This study demonstrates the successful development of hybrid mesoporous siliceous phosphotungstic acid (mPTA-Si) and sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) as a proton exchange membrane with a high performance in hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). SPEEK acts as a polymeric membrane matrix and mPTA-Si acts as the mechanical reinforcer and proton conducting enhancer. Interestingly, incorporating mPTA-Si did not affect the morphological aspect of SPEEK as dense membrane upon loading the amount of mPTA-Si up to 2.5 wt%. The water uptake reduced to 14% from 21.5% when mPTA-Si content increases from 0.5 to 2.5 wt% respectively. Meanwhile, the proton conductivity increased to 0.01 Scm?1 with 1.0 wt% mPTA-Si and maximum power density of 180.87 mWcm?2 which is 200% improvement as compared to pristine SPEEK membrane. The systematic study of hybrid SP-mPTA-Si membrane proved a substantial enhancement in the performance together with further improvement on physicochemical properties of parent SPEEK membrane desirable for the PEMFC application. 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(70):30291-30302
Fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered a clean alternative for the production of electricity. To improve their efficiency, it is necessary to understand the transport phenomena that determine their performance. This work analyzes the effective diffusion coefficients in the gas diffusion and catalyst layers (GDL and CL, respectively) based on theories such as effective medium approximation and percolation theory of a 3D multiphase nonisothermal model of a single channel PEMFC. We calculate polarization curves with different effective diffusion models and tortuosity factors m, n using OpenFOAM. The best model that approaches to experimental data is the Tomadakis-Sotirchos model with n = 4.0. The exponent m that represents the tortuosity due to the geometry has a high impact on the polarization curve construction compared to the exponent n. High values of diffusibility do not mean high values of current densities showing that there are other phenomena involved, such as water flooding. 相似文献