Cracking behavior and delamination mechanism of lamellar structured TBC with localized mixed oxides

Mixed oxide (MO) with localized growth feature and high growth rate remarkably affects the lifetime of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which indicates that clarifying the ceramic cracking mechanism induced by MO is critical for developing new coatings with high durability. Two kinds of TBC models involving spherical and layered mixed oxides are created to explore the influence of MO growth on the local stress state and crack evolution during thermal cycle. The growth of α-Al₂O₃ is also included in the model. The undulating interface between ceramic coat and bond coat is approximated using a cosine curve. Dynamic ceramic cracking is realized by a surface-based cohesive interaction. The ceramic delamination by simulation agrees with the experimental observation. The effects of MO coverage ratio and growth rate on the TBC failure are also discussed. The results show that the MO growth causes the local ceramic coat to bear the normal tensile stress. The failure mode of coating is turned from α-Al₂O₃ thickness control to MO growth control. Once the mixed oxide appears, local ceramic cracking is easy to occur. When multiple cracks connect, ceramic delamination happens. Suppressing MO formation or decreasing MO growth can evidently improve the coating durability. These results in this work can provide important theoretical guidance for the development of anti-cracking TBCs.     

Behavior of 316L stainless steel containing corrosion pits under cyclic loading

The environmental performance of 316L grade stainless steel, in the form of tensile specimens containing a single corrosion pit with various aspect ratios, under cyclic loading in aerated chloride solutions is investigated in this study. Results from environmental tests were compared and contrasted with those obtained using finite element analysis (FEA). Fractography of the failed specimens obtained from experiments revealed that fatigue crack initiation took place at the base of the shallow pit. The crack initiation shifted towards the shoulder and the mouth of the pit for pits of increasing depth. This process is well predicted by FEA, as the strain contour maps show that strain is the highest around the centric strip of the pit. However, for shallow pits, local strain is uniformly distributed around that strip but begins to concentrate more towards the shoulder and the mouth region for increasingly deep pits.     

Multiphysics phase-field modeling of quasi-static cracking in urania ceramic nuclear fuel

This work presents phase-field modeling of quasi-static cracking in urania (UO₂) ceramic nuclear fuel under neutron radiation at high temperatures. Considering the tightly coupled multi-physics processes within the fuel during reactor power operation, a diffusion model including Fickian and Soret effects is used to describe the oxygen hyper-stoichiometry (x in UO_2+x), and the temperature field is given by a thermal model involving non-uniform fission-generated heat source and heat flow across fuel pellet, pellet-cladding gap and cladding to the outside heat sink. Both temperature and irradiation effects are taken into account for the basic thermo-mechanical properties and irradiation behaviors of the nuclear fuel. Especially, the acceleration of fuel thermal creep by oxygen hyper-stoichiometry is included. The fracture due to the above physical processes is approximated by a scalar phase-field variable based upon a cohesive phase-field fracture method. A granite fracture experiment is simulated to validate the thermo-fracture coupling approach. For the first time, the diffusion-thermo-mechanical-fracture coupling model is applied to UO₂ fuel pellet cracking during reactor startup, power ramp and reactor shutdown. UO₂ creep is found to play an important role on the fuel pellet fragmentation. The developed capability supports interpretation of experimental data and can guide material design of ceramic nuclear fuels.     

Defect-free drying of large fine-particle zirconia compacts prepared by gelcasting method

In this work, drying of bodies prepared by gelcasting fine submicrometre-sized zirconia particles was studied and a drying process for defect-free bodies with large cross-sections was proposed. It was found that the cracking of large bodies could be prevented by reducing the monomer content and using appropriate non-volatile cosolvents. Glycerol and polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights were used as non-volatile cosolvents in aqueous ceramic suspensions. The complex effects of the individual cosolvents on the gelcasting process and, in particular, on the drying step were investigated and explained. The applicability of individual cosolvents for the gelcasting process were discussed and their optimal use was indicated.     

株洲冶炼厂133m钢筋砼烟囱的加固

对株洲冶炼厂１３３ｍ钢筋砼烟囱经过３０多年的二氧化硫气体影响的现状进行了分析，介绍了在烟囱正常使用的前提下进行加固处理的方案，并对类似的烟囱如何延长其使用寿命和加固中注意的问题提出了几点建议。     

某厂主厂房框架梁裂缝分析及处理

本文对某厂主厂房框架梁裂缝产生的原因进行了分析、鉴定，并针对裂缝的分布情况及大小提出了不同的加固处理方法，经生产证实，该主厂房框架梁加固方法成功可靠。     

混凝土环收缩开裂试验研究及理论预测

为了揭示受约束混凝土内部的应力发展情况，以便更好地预测混凝土的开裂时间，本文在前人理论分析混凝土环收缩开裂的基础上，综合考虑了自由收缩、徐变、约束度和弹性模量等因素对混凝土环开裂的影响，推导出混凝土环应力公式。将混凝土环应力公式与最大抗拉应力破坏准则相结合，预测混凝土环开裂时间。预测得到的开裂时间与混凝土环约束试验的实测结果吻合良好。     

输电跨越塔基础承台大体积砼温度与裂缝控制

本文从大体积混凝土的温度应力影响因素、温度控制措施 (原材料、入模温度、施工工艺、混凝土的保温等 )、热工计算、温度监控等方面总结、介绍了大体积混凝土的温度与裂缝控制 ,可为同类工程借鉴和参考     

17000m^3超大体积混凝土的裂缝控制

在高水位软土地基中一次性浇筑１７０００ｍ＾３的基础底板，由于采取有效的技术和组织管理措施，防止了混凝土有害裂缝的发生。     

Ultimate strength of continuous composite box-girder bridges with precast decks

In order to apply precast decks to continuous composite bridges, several experiments and analytical studies were performed. From many previous studies, design criteria for crack controls in transverse joints of prefabricated slabs were confirmed. These considerations were needed for serviceability. The bridges which satisfy service limit states, also, should be evaluated for ultimate strengths to define limit states. In this paper, experimental and analytical studies of two-span continuous composite bridges with open box girder section were conducted. Cracking, yielding and ultimate loads were evaluated and compared with the test results for design of continuous composite bridges with precast decks. To evaluate yielding loads of continuous bridges, an uncracked section method considering moment redistribution which is defined in EUROCODE 4, was considered. In calculation of ultimate strengths, full or partial shear connection and sectional classes which were defined in EUROCODE or AASHTO LRFD specifications were considered. Also, through numerical analysis considering material nonlinearities, moment-curvature relationship and moment redistributions were estimated.