An analytical model for gas leakage through contact interface in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Sealing performance between two contacting surfaces is of significant importance to stable operation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this work, an analytical micro-scale approach is first established to predict the gas leakage in fuel cells. Gas pressure and uneven pressure distribution at the interface are also included in the model. At first, the micro tortuous leakage path at the interface is constructed by introducing contact modelling and fractal porous structure theory. In order to obtain the leakage at the entire surface, contact pressure distribution is predicted based on bonded elastic layer model. The gas leakage through the discontinuous interface can be obtained with consideration of convection and diffusion. Then, experiments are conducted to validate the numerical model, and good agreement is obtained between them. Finally, influences of surface topology, gasket compression and gasket width on leakage are studied based on the model. The results show that gas leakage would be greatly amplified when the asperity standard deviation of surface roughness exceeds 1.0 μm. Gaskets with larger width and smaller thickness are beneficial to sealing performance. The model is helpful to understand the gas leakage behavior at the interface and guide the gasket design of fuel cells.     

Microbial fuel cell (MFC)-based biosensor for combined heavy metals monitoring and associated bioelectrochemical process

To explore the feasibility and related mechanism of MFC biosensor for wastewater detection under the action of combined heavy metals. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to explore the related bioelectrochemical process. The response of the reactor to single/combined heavy metals, low/high heavy metal concentrations, and the differences in ohmic resistance (Rs) and charge transfer resistance (Rct) were investigated using Ni as the core heavy metal and the combined action of Cd, Cu and Zn. The results indicated that there was a linear relationship between the concentration and output voltage of the MFC biosensor under the action of combined heavy metals (R² = 0.8803–0.973). However, the internal resistance (Rint) of the MFC biosensor under the action of single heavy metal was far less than that of the combined heavy metal group, and the power density (19.849 W m^?3) was 4 times that of the combined heavy metal group (3.109–4.589 W m^?3). The Rs of the biosensors in the combined heavy metal group were 0.868Ω and 0.860, which were higher than 0.768Ω of the single heavy metal sensor. With the increase of the concentration of heavy metals in the influent, the increase of Rct was more obvious in the combined group, while the Rs in the single group significantly increased (P < 0.05). The results imply that it is possible for MFC biosensors to be used in the detection of actual water polluted by various heavy metals, but the biosensor performance is mainly limited by Rct, which needs to be further improved.     

Good dielectric performance and broadband dielectric polarization in Ag,Nb co-doped TiO2

Due to the demand of miniaturization and integration for ceramic capacitors in electronic components market, TiO₂-based ceramics with colossal permittivity has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this work, we report that Ag⁺/Nb⁵⁺ co-doped (Ag_1/4Nb_3/4)_xTi_1−xO₂ (ANTOx) ceramics with colossal permittivity over a wide frequency and temperature range were successfully prepared by a traditional solid–state method. Notably, compositions of ANTO0.005 and ANTO0.01 respectively exhibit both low dielectric loss (0.040 and 0.050 at 1 kHz), high dielectric permittivity (9.2 × 10³ and 1.6 × 10⁴ at 1 kHz), and good thermal stability, which satisfy the requirements for the temperature range of application of X9R and X8R ceramic capacitors, respectively. The origin of the dielectric behavior was attributed to five dielectric relaxation phenomena, i.e., localized carriers' hopping, electron–pinned defect–dipoles, interfacial polarization, and oxygen vacancies ionization and diffusion, as suggested by dielectric temperature spectra and valence state analysis via XPS; wherein, electron-pinned defect–dipoles and internal barrier layer capacitance are believed to be the main causes for the giant dielectric permittivity in ANTOx ceramics.     

大直径埋地管道应力应变有限元分析与计算

利用通用分析软件ABAQUS，应用“生死单元” 技术，模拟了基坑开挖、填埋过程对Φ1 620 mm×20 mm大直径埋地管线应力应变的影响。通过对不同埋深管体应力应变的有限元分析，得出施加内压2.5 MPa，埋深8 m时，管体受到的等效应力最大（130 MPa），未超过材料的屈服强度，管体并未发生塑性变形，管体横向最大位移为2.47 mm。通过理论计算校核，埋深8 m时，管体水平方面最大变形量为12.5 mm，远小于标准规定的48.6 mm，管体径向稳定性可靠。     

某X65钢级输气管道环焊缝泄漏失效分析

针对某X65输气管道环焊缝泄漏失效问题，通过无损探伤、硬度试验、金相组织分析、扫描电镜分析等方法，对钢管环焊缝进行了分析研究。分析结果显示，焊接接头组织未见明显异常，但裂纹附近存在疏松组织，该疏松组织主要元素为铁和氧，以及少量铝、硅、钙、硫元素。研究表明，该疏松组织为焊接时未清理干净的焊渣，在外力和内压作用下，夹渣处裂纹相互贯穿形成穿透性裂纹，裂纹由内表面向外表面扩展，导致焊缝产生开裂而发生泄漏。     

油气管道缺陷漏磁检测有限元模拟

为了研究油气管道缺陷的漏磁信号特征，基于漏磁检测技术基本原理，采用有限元方法，应用ANSYS软件对含裂纹和气孔缺陷管道磁化后产生的漏磁场进行模拟仿真，得到了描述漏磁场特征的磁通密度径向和轴向分布曲线。通过改变裂纹和气孔的尺寸，得出这两种缺陷形式不同尺寸下的漏磁场分布规律。结果表明，随着裂纹深度增加，磁通密度径向、轴向分量的峰值强度均明显增大；在距管壁表面相同深度下，气孔缺陷磁通密度的峰值随孔径增加而显著增大；相同孔径时，气孔距表面越近，漏磁信号越强。为管道漏磁检测过程中的裂纹和气孔缺陷的特征识别提供了理论基础和实践依据。     

溢流型球磨机进料口密封装置的改进

分析了溢流型球磨机进料口矿浆泄漏的原因以及泄漏后给球磨机润滑系统和环境所带来的危害。通过对溢流型球磨机进料口密封装置的改进,减少和杜绝了矿浆泄漏,改善了球磨机运行环境,延长了润滑油使用周期、提高了球磨机有效作业率,降低了球磨机运行成本。     

S Zorb汽油精制脱硫装置运行常见问题分析及解决方法

以中国石化某公司1.5 Mt?a汽油精制脱硫装置为研究对象,介绍了汽油精制脱硫装置工艺改进后的运行情况,分析装置运行中进料换热器E101结焦与反应器接收器D105脱气线磨损泄漏的问题,总结经验,提出对策,从而达到安全生产的目的。结果表明:S Zorb装置实际运行生产中严格控制原料来源,禁止高胶质含量汽油或非透明的汽油组分进入装置,是保证进料换热器E101长周期运行的重要前提条件;反应器接收器D105汽提氢气量及线速控制在合理范围的同时,升级脱气线的材质。另外,严格控制系统内的细粉量,定期对管线薄弱环节加强测厚,保证装置长周期运行。     

Up-pulling force analysis for ESC hollow cylindrical casting

Electroslag casting(ESC)is an important method to produce high quality castings.In this study,the ESC up-pulling inner mold method(EUPIM)was used to produce hollow cylindrical castings with the multiple consumable electrodes.The radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell were analyzed using the finite element method(FEM)with the aid of ANSYS software.The ProCAST software was used to calculate the specific heat,heat conductivity and density curve of Cu.Simulation results show that the radial deformation,the axial and radial internal stress of the inner mold,and the axial internal stress of the slag shell near the slag-metal interface of hollow cylndrical casting gradually increase from 0 s to 360 s after the ESC starting(slagging)process but before applying the up-pulling force.The suitable initial up-pulling moment of the inner mold is at around 180-198 s after the starting process.