Electrodeposition of B,Ni co-doped diamond-like carbon films on AZ91D magnesium alloy: Corrosion and wear resistance

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) possesses brilliant and excellent properties, including excellent corrosion resistance as well as outstanding wear resistance. Ni and B co-doped DLC films were deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloy by electrodeposition under mild conditions (300 V and 25°C). Uniform and dense morphology of co-doped DLC films were observed, and Ni and B were uniformly incorporated into the carbon-based films. Among all the electrodeposits, the appearance of D and G peaks near 1330 and 1570 cm⁻¹ revealed that the as-deposited films were typical DLC films. As the addition of Ni was increased to 0.05 g, the highest microindentation hardness, the lowest friction coefficient, and wear loss were achieved to be 164.5 HV, 0.3, and 0.6 × 10⁻⁵ kg/m, respectively. The amorphous carbon films fabricated at 0.05 g Ni had the lowest corrosion current density and the most positive corrosion potential, which was mainly due to the small and dense granular structure effectively hindering the penetration of corrosion media.     

具有高耐蚀性和导电性的掺Cr类金刚石非晶碳的化学式解析

Cr掺杂的类金刚石非晶碳具有良好的导电性和耐腐蚀性,这对于燃料电池金属双极板涂层改性特别重要。使用团簇加连接原子模型对其非晶结构进行了详细解析,在该模型中,良好的玻璃形成材料由覆盖特征性最近邻团簇加上几个下一壳层原子的结构单元来表述。根据文献,在Cr掺杂的类金刚石非晶碳中占优势的团簇是Cr中心和C壳层的[Cr-C4]四面体团簇,然后将该团簇与适当的连接原子匹配,以满足电子轨道饱和原理。由此推导出了两个最优组成式,即[Cr-C4]CrC3(22.2%Cr)和[Cr-C4]Cr3C2(40%Cr),它们显示出良好的非晶态结构稳定性。实验结果显示,所提出的这两组化学组成的涂层材料兼具低电阻率(低至10-4Ω·cm)和优异的耐腐蚀性(腐蚀电流密度~10^-2μA/cm^2)。在sp2键含量和渗流理论的框架内讨论了导电和耐蚀的协同行为。这项工作验证了团簇加连接原子模型在具有高耐腐蚀性和高导电性的涂层材料成分设计中的可行性。     

常用碳基固体润滑薄膜的研究现状与展望

首先从碳基固体润滑薄膜的应用需求与成本效益出发,探讨了研究碳基固体润滑薄膜的迫切要求和重要意义,然后对类金刚石(DLC)薄膜、类富勒烯(FLC)薄膜及石墨烯薄膜三类最常用的碳基固体润滑薄膜的研究现状进行了较详细的介绍。其中,重点介绍了DLC薄膜的三种减摩抗磨机理,探讨了掺杂元素改性对DLC薄膜硬度、摩擦系数和磨损率等多个方面的影响,并指出外部因素(基体材料、过渡层和应用环境等)对DLC薄膜性能的重要作用。探讨了掺氢、掺氟和掺氮对FLC薄膜构性转变和摩擦学性能的影响。总体来说,氟掺杂导致FLC结构变化,并显著改变薄膜硬度;掺氮会诱导类富勒烯微结构的增加;掺氢FLC薄膜热处理后可达到超润滑状态。总结了石墨烯薄膜制备工艺的发展、石墨烯基复合薄膜的摩擦学性能和石墨烯薄膜在不同基体材料的应用。最后,指出了碳基润滑薄膜领域亟待解决的关键难题,并对未来的研究方向做出了预测。     

Tribocorrosion and corrosion behavior of stainless steel coated with DLC films in ethanol with different concentrations of water

There has been a recent increase in both the production and consumption of ethanol due to the numerous environmental advantages that it offers, such as the fact that it can be produced from a variety of renewable materials, for instance corn and cellulose, or it can be obtained from sugarcane bagasse and biomass (2nd and 3rd generation ethanol). The result of this is that nowadays ethanol is widely seen as the dominant biofuel – or as a blend component in gasoline or pure fuel - in many countries.However, one disadvantage of the use of ethanol is the high corrosive behavior that occurs when its hygroscopic properties are exposed to a large number of materials. Xiaoyuan Lou and Preet Singh showed that the increase of water concentration in ethanol induces pitting and metal loss. Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) films may be a solution to this problem due to the fact that they can be deposited inside tubes, offer good protection levels against corrosion, and reduce the friction coefficient and wear.This paper shows the tribocorrosion and corrosion studies of DLC films deposited on stainless steel grade 304 (SS304) substrates in order to gauge its appropriateness usage in the construction of pipelines and fuel storage tanks. The surface morphology was analyzed before and after 14 days of immersion. The tribocorrosion, friction coefficient, and wear rate were studied in ethanol to see the effects of water concentration. The films showed good adherence to the substrates. Corrosion and tribocorrosion results showed that for bare Stainless Steel 304 the increase of the water content increases the corrosion and the friction coefficient. DLC coated samples presented few points of delamination, and the friction coefficient and open circuit potentials were very low compared with the bare sample which was water concentration independent.     

Exceptional improvement in the wear resistance of biomedical β-type titanium alloy with the use of a biocompatible multilayer Si/DLC nanocomposite coating

A silicon/diamond-like carbon (Si/DLC) multilayer nanocomposite coating (MNC) was applied to the Ti–29Nb–13Ta?4.6Zr (TNTZ) alloy to improve its wear resistance and durability. The Si/DLC MNC on the TNTZ alloy demonstrated an extremely low wear rate of 6.2 × 10^?10 mm³N^?1mm^?1. Moreover, the wear track depth after one million wear cycles was found to be only 220 nm, while the thickness of the entire coating was 370 nm. Furthermore, cell culture tests demonstrated that the Si/DLC MNC samples exhibited better biocompatibility than the TNTZ alloy samples. A quantitative comparison of the cell adhesion behavior of the TNTZ and Si/DLC MNC samples indicated that 60% of the surface of the Si/DLC MNC sample was covered with cells, which was approximately twice the surface of the TNTZ alloy sample covered with cells. In addition, no dead cells were observed on the Si/DLC MNC samples, indicating that the Si/DLC MNC samples exhibited no toxic effects against the MC3T3 cells. These results indicate that the Si/DLC MNC enhances the wear resistance of the TNTZ alloy and improves its biofunctionality, thus making it a potential candidate for use in long-term implant applications.     

橡胶表面粗糙度对DLC薄膜摩擦学性能的影响

目的 探究三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)表面粗糙度对DLC薄膜和Cr/DLC的微观结构、附着力、摩擦学性能的影响,并阐明Cr中间层对橡胶表面DLC薄膜的作用。方法 使用砂纸打磨EPDM橡胶得到不同的表面粗糙度。采用非平衡磁控溅射技术在不同粗糙度的橡胶基体表面沉积无中间层的类金刚石碳基薄膜(DLC)及有Cr中间层的类金刚石碳基薄膜(Cr/DLC)。使用二维轮廓仪获得基体及薄膜的表面粗糙度,通过扫描电子显微镜以及拉曼光谱对薄膜的表面形貌和结构成分进行分析,并采用X切割试验和摩擦磨损试验分别评估DLC薄膜的附着力和摩擦学性能。结果 基体表面粗糙度对薄膜的微观结构没有显著影响,但却对薄膜附着力以及摩擦学性能有较大的影响。薄膜附着力随着基体粗糙度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当基体表面粗糙度为1 100 nm时,DLC薄膜具有最强的附着力和最佳的摩擦学性能。此外,Cr中间层的引入对提高薄膜附着力和承载能力起到了积极的作用。结论 适当增加基体表面粗糙度可以增强DLC薄膜的附着力,改善薄膜的摩擦学性能。Cr中间层可以提高薄膜的承载能力,从而提高薄膜的耐磨性。     

DLC薄膜沉积对不同表面形貌的钛微弧氧化膜层摩擦学性能的影响

目的 在钛微弧氧化（MAO）膜层表面沉积类金刚石碳（DLC）薄膜,探索DLC薄膜沉积对不同表面形貌微弧氧化膜层摩擦学性能的影响。方法 在铝酸盐电解液体系中,通过改变微弧氧化时间（10、60 min）制备表面粗糙度与平均孔径不同的两种微弧氧化膜层MAO_10和MAO_60,而后利用磁控溅射技术在其表面沉积DLC薄膜,获得MAO/DLC复合膜层。通过白光共聚焦显微镜、CSM球盘式摩擦磨损试验机、Mahr轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜等实验设备,对膜层的表面粗糙度、微孔尺寸、摩擦系数、磨损率和磨痕形貌等进行观察和分析。结果 微弧氧化时间增加导致MAO膜层的表面粗糙度增大,表面微孔数目下降但平均孔径增大。DLC沉积可以在MAO_10膜层表面形成较好的DLC覆盖层,但在粗糙度较高和孔径较大的MAO_60膜层表面呈现出明显的不连续分布。MAO/DLC复合膜层的粗糙度和平均孔径明显低于MAO膜层。摩擦学性能测试表明,MAO_10/DLC复合膜层的摩擦系数和磨损率相比于MAO_10膜层均明显下降,MAO_10膜层和MAO_10/DLC复合膜层的稳定摩擦系数分别为0.85和0.24,磨损率分别为12.76×10-6 mm3/(N?m)和3.71×10-6 mm3/(N?m);MAO_60/DLC复合膜层的摩擦系数和磨损率则与MAO_60膜层比较接近,MAO_60膜层和MAO_60/DLC复合膜层的稳定摩擦系数分别为0.77和0.67,磨损率分别为68.02×10-6 mm3/(N?m)和61.81×10-6 mm3/(N?m)。结论 在表面较平整且平均孔径较小的钛微弧氧化膜层表面沉积DLC薄膜时,所得MAO/DLC复合膜层在摩擦过程中可以形成较为连续的润滑层,其摩擦学性能良好。相反,在表面粗糙和平均孔径较大的钛微弧氧化膜层表面沉积DLC薄膜时,所得MAO/DLC复合膜层在摩擦过程中难以形成连续的润滑层,其摩擦学性能较差。     

碳基薄膜在航空轴承乏油问题中的应用研究

目的 研究乏油工况下GLC和DLC两种碳膜在航空轴承上的应用。方法通过磁控溅射技术在单晶硅片P(100)、轴承钢样块和轴承套圈表面分别制备了GLC和DLC两种薄膜。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、拉曼光谱对薄膜的截面和磨痕形貌及结构进行了分析。利用纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机等对薄膜的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了研究。利用轴承试验机对镀两种膜的轴承进行了对比研究。结果 GLC和DLC两种碳基薄膜均结构致密,GLC薄膜含有更多的sp2,DLC薄膜含有更多的sp3;两种薄膜硬度分别达到18.2 GPa和22.2 GPa,弹性模量分别达到230.2 GPa和260.8 GPa,干摩擦条件下,薄膜摩擦系数分别低至0.11和0.21。镀膜轴承在运转0~10 h时,温升无明显差异;10~30 h过程中,镀GLC薄膜轴承温升约为40~45 ℃,而镀DLC薄膜轴承温升约为50~55 ℃。运转后,轴承滚子上出现转移膜,镀GLC薄膜的轴承磨损比镀DLC薄膜的轴承严重。结论 在乏油工况下,DLC薄膜具有更加优异的环境适应性。     

类金刚石膜的物理特性及应用

类金刚石膜(DLC)是由无定形碳和金刚石相混合组成的碳材料,类金刚石膜具备许多优异的性能,包括高耐磨性、低摩擦系数、热稳定性、红外透光性、高电阻、低介电常数及生物相容性,使其适合许多领域的应用,因此,引起了人们极大兴趣.现在已经应用到很多领域.总结了DLC在机械、电子、光学和医学等领域的应用状况以及存在的问题.     

Cr/WC/DLC薄膜的多环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射法,在304不锈钢上制备Cr/WC/DLC多层梯度过渡类金刚石薄膜,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、纳米压痕仪、划痕测试仪等分析薄膜的微观结构和力学性能,利用UMT-3多功能摩擦磨损试验机考察其在大气、去离子水、发动机油3种环境下的摩擦学性能。结果表明:该薄膜的多层梯度设计使其膜基间结合力得到了有效改善,且硬度高达32.6GPa,在3种环境下均具有优异的摩擦学性能。在大气环境下,薄膜具有较低的平均摩擦因数,为0.094;但具有3种环境下最大的磨损率,为7.86×10-8 mm3(N·m)-1;在去离子水环境下,薄膜的平均摩擦因数较高,为0.124;而其磨损率较低,为5.26×10-8 mm3(N·m)-1;在发动机油环境下,固-油复合润滑效应使薄膜具有更加优异的摩擦学性能,其平均摩擦因数和磨损率均为3种环境下的最小值,分别为0.065和4.44×10-8 mm3(N·m)-1。