High temperature tensile properties of 316LN stainless steel investigated using automated ball indentation technique

Type 316LN stainless steel (SS) is the principal structural material for the components of sodium cooled fast reactors operating under elevated temperature conditions. In order to assess the degradation in strength of service exposed components using a small specimen testing technique such as automated ball indentation (ABI), it is necessary to carry out prior detailed ABI studies on the virgin material. In this investigation, the tensile behaviour of as-received 316LN SS were investigated at several temperatures in the range 298–973 K using ABI technique. The load-depth of indentation data measured from ABI tests was analyzed using semi-empirical relationships to obtain the tensile properties. The yield stress and the flow curves were determined by correlating ABI results with corresponding uniaxial tensile test results. Trend curve for tensile strength with temperature, as estimated from ABI tests, exhibited a plateau region in the temperature around 823 K, similar to uniaxial tensile tests. The variations of strength coefficient, strain hardening exponent, yield ratio, hardness and uniform ductility with temperature were evaluated from ABI tests. The ABI technique was found to estimate the influence of temperature on tensile properties sensitively.     

基于动态频谱接入的载波聚合技术研究与实现

以LTE-Advanced系统为研究背景,提出了一种基于动态频谱接入技术的载波聚合方案(DSA-CA)。该方案的主要思想是使支持载波聚合技术的eNB根据小区的平均负载自适应地调节聚合的载波数量,从而达到合理利用频谱的目的。通过对基于动态频谱接入技术的载波聚合方案在LTE-Advanced 系统中的性能进行仿真研究,结果表明:DSA-CA方案与传统载波聚合方案(CA)相比,可使系统性能在一定程度上得到提高,尤其当一个小区处于高负载、另一个小区处于低负载时,DSA-CA方案的优势更加明显,此时高负载小区系统吞吐量得到明显提高,低负载小区的频谱效率也显著上升。     

Electrode surface treatments in sludge electro-osmosis dewatering

The sewage sludge dewatering produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is a multifaceted process due to the presence of colloid fractions. Electro-osmosis could be a suitable technique to reduce the water content of the final sludge. Electric fields of 10, 15, and 20?V/cm have been studied for electro-osmosis tests under the pressure of a static or rotating piston, obtaining a dry solids content up to 40–45%, with respect to 25–30% obtained by mechanical methods. In order to optimize the process, the corrosion behavior and the wear of the anodic material appear to be the main critical aspects, due to the high circulating current density and the use of a rotating electrode. We compared the efficiency and the corrosion resistance of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) with respect to bare stainless steel (AISI 304) and stainless steel coated by PVD technique with TiN, AlTiN, and DLC. Characterization of the anode surfaces by SEM and potentiodynamic tests show that DSA is the most suitable material for our application. However, efficiencies of the electro-osmosis processes have been found comparable, in terms of developed current densities and total energy consumptions, for short-test duration.     

GH4169合金高温动态应变时效实验及模拟

为了解和掌握GH4169高温合金热处理过程中动态应变时效（dynamic strain ageing, DSA）现象对力学性能的影响,通过高温单轴拉伸实验及数值模拟的方法对固溶态该合金高温条件下DSA现象进行了实验及模拟研究.不同应变率的单轴拉伸实验在620 ℃的高温下进行,应变速率分别为10^-2、10^-3、10^-4 s^-1.实验结果表现出了由DSA效应导致的负的应变率敏感性,以及明显的锯齿状屈服现象.基于热激活能的塑性流动法则并对DSA效应予以明确考虑,建立了材料宏观一维本构模型,其中变形阻力被分为位错滑移阻力及DSA效应导致的变形阻力两部分,DSA效应模型中引入等效时效时间及等效热激活等待时间两个内变量,通过最小二乘法进行参数拟合.该本构模型的计算结果与实验结果具有较高的一致性. 结果表明,通过分析本构模型中内变量的变化趋势得出结论,位错滑移阻力随应变速率的提高表现出上升趋势,而DSA效应导致的变形阻力随应变率的提高表现出下降趋势. 因此,材料强度在一定应变率范围内的应变率负相关现象是由于DSA效应及正的率效应两种机制之间的竞争所导致.     

Characterisation and behaviour of Ti/TiO2/noble metal anodes

The morphology, composition and the electrical and electrochemical behaviour of the anodic microporous layer, prepared by the galvanostatic anodisation of Ti after sparking, followed by galvanostatic deposition of Pt or Ir have been investigated. These electrodes are proposed to function as dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs). For Ti/TiO₂/Pt electrodes, Pt is deposited within some of the micropores of the oxide film. In contrast, for Ti/TiO₂/Ir, the metal is deposited preferentially on the top surface. This difference is thought to result from the position of the metal deposition potential with respect to the flat band potential of n-TiO₂. Optical imaging of both types of DSA suggests that only a few sites on the surface are responsible for electron exchange at the DSA-electrolyte interface. C-AFM measurements of Ti/TiO₂/Pt samples subjected to long-term anodic polarisation, suggest that the Ti-noble metal contact is progressively insulated by thickening of the TiO₂ barrier layer, promoting passivation of the DSA. For Ir coated anodes, catalytic activity is directly related to the presence of Ir and to the stability of the catalytic oxide layer. Under Cu electrowinning conditions, the electrochemically formed hydrated Ir oxide was found to be catalytically less stable, than the iridium oxide film subjected to a heat treatment.     

基于决策表-粗糙集理论的动态安全分析神经网络输入特征优选

提出了一种动态安全分析神经网络输入特征的优选方法。该方法将决策表最优特征子集理论与粗糙集理论的元素离散化方法相结合,在保证较高精度的运行点分类和稳定裕度计算的基础上,从大维数的注入元中优选特征元作为神经网络输入特征,以降低其输入特征的个数,较好地解决了神经网络动态安全域方法用于大系统所面临的“维灾难”问题。通过对电力系统分析综合程序(PSASP)中EPRI-36测试系统的仿真计算,验证了该方法的有效性。     

动态应变时效对奥氏体不锈钢静拉伸强度的影响

本文研究了动态应变时效(DSA)对18—8型奥氏体不锈钢静拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,(1),在 DSA 发生的温区,强度与温度关系曲线上出现流变应力平台(2),室温屈服强度随DSA 预处理温度升高和预应变量增加而提高,DSA 预处理具有比冷变形处理更佳的强化效果,且经873K 预处理后的室温强度达最大值,而塑性不下降.电镜观察结果报好地解释了这种 DSA强化的机理。同时表明,DSA 有可能作为一种强韧化工艺应用于生产实际。     

Ti基MnO_x型DSA析氧电极材料的性能

本文报导了新型 Ti/SnO_2+MnO_x+RuO_2/MnO_x(DSA)电极材料的各种性能,其中包括电极的导电性、表面粗糙度、电化学活性表面积、析氧阳极特性等,并用 X 射线衍射法进行了物相分析、用 SEM观察了表面形貌。确认该电极性能良好,加之成本较低,可作为酸性介质中的析氧电极材料。     

动态应变时效对奥氏体不锈钢纯弯疲劳强度的影响

本文着重研究了动态应变时效(DSA)预处理对18-8型奥氏体不锈钢室温纯弯疲劳强度的影响。结果表明,DSA预处理显著提高材料纯弯疲劳强度,其强化效果随预应变温度和预应变量的增加而提高,其疲劳极限比固溶态提高87％,比相应的冷变形态提高20％。金属薄膜电镜观察结果表明,材料经DSA预处理后,形成了均匀、高密度、稳定的位错网络结构。在随后的疲劳过程中,它们有效地抑制了疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。