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1.
Timo M. Kauppinen 《Journal of Housing and the Built Environment》2002,17(2):173-197
Finland has experienced a rapid increase inimmigration since the beginning of the 1990s.Almost half of the foreign population isconcentrated in the metropolitan area of thecapital, Helsinki. The development andexplanations of their settlement patterns havenot yet been thoroughly studied. It ishypothesised in this study that social housingcan explain the settlement patterns. Indices ofdissimilarity were calculated to study thelevel and development of spatial segregation ofimmigrant groups in the Helsinki metropolitanarea in 1995–99, and the association betweenthe settlement patterns of immigrants andsocial housing was studied by regressionanalysis. Neighbourhood-level data were used.The results indicate that the Helsinkimetropolitan area has avoided extreme ethnicsegregation so far and that segregation isdecreasing. Especially immigrants from poorcountries are clearly associated with socialhousing in their settlement patterns, evenafter adjustment for socio-economic anddemographic differentiation. Also newconstruction of social housing seems to haveaffected the spatial distribution of thisgroup. Despite this dependence, the group isnot extremely segregated, which is probablybecause the social housing sector is nottotally marginalised. 相似文献
2.
高温和低张应力引起的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学(Ⅱ)--实验结果的动力学模拟 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
以文献[1]建立的张应力引起的非平衡晶界偏聚动力学方程模拟了Shinoda T等的磷在钢中的应力时效实验结果和Misra R D K的硫在钢中的应力时效实验结果,模拟结果与实验结果互相吻合。通过模拟发现,张应力使磷-空位复合体以及硫-空位复合体在钢中的扩散系数均增加3个数量级,且磷原子和硫原子的扩散系数分别降低3个和5个数量级。 相似文献
3.
This paper is a summary of an extensive research program carried out by the authors on the structure of rapidly solidified aluminum alloys; and a comparison with the work of others also involved in this field. The paper discusses the changes in the dendritic and non-dendritic structure of the matrix at cooling rates from 10–3 to 1010 K/s and discusses the hetergeneity of the structure caused by interdendritic-segretion during solidification. 相似文献
4.
Tree-shaped flow structures designed by minimizing path lengths 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S. LorenteW. Wechsatol A. Bejan 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2002,45(16):3299-3312
This paper outlines a direct route to the construction of effective tree-shaped flow structures. Dendritic flow structures dominate the design of natural and engineered flow systems, especially in thermal and fluid systems. The starting point is the optimization of the shape of each elemental area or volume, such that the length of the flow path housed by the element is minimized. Proceeding toward larger and more complex structures - from elements, to first constructs, second constructs, etc. - the paper develops tree-shaped flow structures between one point and a straight line, one point and a plane, a circle and its center, and a point and many points distributed uniformly over an area. In the latter, the construction method is applied to a fluid flow configuration with laminar fully developed flow. The constructions reveal several features that are supported by empirical observations of natural tree-shaped flows: asymmetry, flow rate imbalance, pairing or bifurcation, angles between branches, and Y-shaped constructs that lie in a plane. It is shown that these basic features are necessary because of “packing”, i.e., assembling optimized elements into a fixed space, and filling the space completely. For the flow between an area and one point, the best elemental shape is the regular hexagon. It is shown that the emergence of string-shaped links that connect two or more elements are necessary features, which are also required by packing. Strings cover some of the inner zones of the tree network, particularly the inner zones of large and complex trees. Dichotomous Y-shaped constructs dominate the tree structure, especially the peripheral zones of the tree canopy. The practical importance of the simplified design method is discussed. 相似文献
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6.
W. Ming F. Melis R. D. van de Grampel L. van Ravenstein M. Tian R. van der Linde 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2003,48(2-4):316-321
Self-stratification strategy can be used to prepare films in which both bulk and surface properties can be optimized. By using this approach, only a very small quantity of fluorinated species is needed to generate a surface with low surface energy. When cross-linking is involved during film formation, we are dealing with a competition behavior between the diffusion of fluorinated species and the formation of cross-linked network. In this study low surface energy polymeric films were prepared on the basis of partially fluorinated polyisocyanates, in combination with hydroxyl-end-capped three-armed solventless liquid oligoesters and modified hyperbranched polyesters. At a fluorine concentration of only 0.5 wt.%, contact angles of water and hexadecane can reach 120° and 80°, respectively. A surface energy as low as 10–15 mN/m can be obtained upon the addition of less than 1 wt.% of fluorine in the films. It was shown, from real time ATR-FTIR and contact angle measurements, that the curing temperatures demonstrated significant effects on the cross-linking rate as well as on the wettability of the films. 相似文献
7.
B~(10)(n,α)Li~7裂变反应的径迹显微照相技术被用来研究含硼Fe-30%Ni合金高温热变形再结晶过程中硼在晶界上的偏聚行为,实验表明,含硼Fe-30%Ni合金1000℃热变形20%再结晶过程中,运动晶界前方发生硼偏聚而后方发生贫硼现象,而在静止晶界上看不到硼偏聚,随着再结晶新晶粒的长大,运动晶界上的硼偏聚变弱。本文提出,可以用晶界对溶质原子热运动散射的量子理论来解释溶质原子在运动晶界上的偏聚现象。 相似文献
8.
含RE铝阳极中析出相的电化学行为研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
用电子探针和能谱分析技术,观察了Al-5Zn-0.05In-0.1Sn-1Mg-0.3RE阳极中主要析出相的成分,并熔炼了析出相合金.电位测量和腐蚀后铝阳极表面的电子探针面扫描分析表明:富Sn相为阳极相,富Fe相、富RE相为阴极相;Fe相是铝阳极自腐蚀微电池中的主要阴极相,温度对析出相的电化学行为有影响. 相似文献
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