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Ceramic lattice structures (CLSs) are used for construction in common and extreme environments because of the extraordinary properties of ceramics. In this study, we designed and additively manufactured CLSs with distinct structural parameters to explore their quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviours in detail. It was demonstrated that both the relative density (?ρ) and inclination angle (ω) had a significant impact on the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical properties of the CLSs. Furthermore, the mathematical relationships between the quasi-static compressive properties, including quasi-static compressive strength (QS), quasi-static Young’s modulus (QY), and quasi-static energy absorption (QE), versus ?ρ and ω obeyed the Gibson–Ashby and Deshpande and Fleck models, respectively. It was revealed by experiment and simulation that as the stiffness increased, the quasi-static failure mode of the CLSs changed from a parallel-vertical-inclined mixed mode to a parallel-vertical mode. In addition, the relationship between the dynamic mechanical properties of the CLSs versus ?ρ and ω also followed the Gibson–Ashby and Deshpande and Fleck models. The exceptional dynamic increase factor indicated that CLSs are highly suitable for extreme environments. These findings will aid in the research and development of customised additively manufactured CLSs.  相似文献   
3.
The durability of metal plate proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is still an important factor that hinders its large-scale commercial application. In this paper, we have conducted a 1000 h durability test on a 1 kW metal plate PEMFC stack, and explored the degradation of the core components. After 1000 h of dynamic load cycles, the voltage decay percentage of the stack under the current densities of 1000 mA cm?2 is 5.67%. By analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the surfaces of the metal plates are contaminated locally by organic matter precipitated from the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). The SEM images of the catalyst coated membrane (CCM) cross section indicate that the MEA has undergone severe degradation, including the agglomeration of the catalyst layer, and the thinning and perforation of the PEM. These are the main factors that cause the rapid increase in hydrogen crossover flow rate and performance decay of the PEMFC stack.  相似文献   
4.
为优化7075铝合金轧板T6工艺,本文进行了固溶工艺实验研究,实验参数涉及固溶温度和固溶时间。结合轧板DSC曲线和实验获得的布式硬度数据,选取了4个工艺进行金相组织、拉伸性能、断口形貌的比较与分析。实验结果显示,固溶温度500℃、固溶1h、时效温度120℃、时效保温24h的T6工艺可以获得布式硬度179HB、非比例屈服强度493.1MPa,抗拉强度573.1MPa,延伸率11.7%,是本文实验获得的7075铝合金轧板最佳性能。分析认为,轧制中间退火降低了轧板变形储能、提高了再结晶温度,大变形量轧制和中间退火造成轧板中非平衡凝固共晶组织破碎、细化和分离,导致熔化温度升高并且难以出现过烧现象,因此对7075铝合金轧板的T6特别是固溶工艺设置要结合轧板变形情况、轧制过程和轧板DSC曲线。  相似文献   
5.
根据液压机械无级变速器传动原理,建立液压机械无级变速器时域数学模型,利用ITI Simulation X软件对湿式离合器、变量泵控定量马达液压调速系统和液压机械无级变速器换挡过程建立系统参数可视化界面以及进行系统物理建模。根据液压机械无级变速器换挡控制策略,通过液压机械无级变速器H段、HM1~HM2段仿真与试验结果对比,对HMCVT无级转速特性、定量马达转速特性以及湿式离合器油压特性进行分析。并探究离合器油压曲线变化对HMCVT转速的影响。为进一步研究HMCVT换挡品质提供依据。  相似文献   
6.
为了获得C HRA 5钢轧制生产的最佳工艺参数,采用Gleeble 3800热力模拟试验机对C HRA 5钢进行了双道次热压缩实验。实验在变形温度范围为900~1100℃,应变速率范围为001~1s-1,道次间隙时间分别为1、5、15、30s的条件下获得C-HRA -5钢的真应力 应变曲线。采用0.2%补偿法计算得到了软化分数,且软化分数随变形温度的升高和应变速率的增大而增加。通过线性回归分析得到了MDRX的动力学方程。建立的C-HRA-5钢热加工图表明材料在1000~1100℃的范围内变形稳定。此外,道次间隙时间为5s时,C-HRA-5钢在较低温度下进行第2道次压缩的过程中不会出现失稳。  相似文献   
7.
As hydrogen refueling stations become increasingly common, it is clear that a high level of economic efficiency and safety is crucial to promoting their use. One way to reduce costs is to use a simple orifice instead of an excess flow valve, which Japanese safety regulations have identified as a safety device. However, there is concern about its effect on refueling time and on risk due to hydrogen leakage. To clarify the effect, we did a study of model-based refueling time evaluation and quantitative risk assessment for a typical refueling station. This study showed that an orifice is an effective alternative safety device. The increase in refueling time was less than 10%, based on simulations using a dynamic physical model of the station. Neither was there a significant difference in the risk between a configuration with excess flow valves and one with an orifice.  相似文献   
8.
A hybrid system with jointed battery and PEMFC is popular and of great potential in New Energy Vehicle (NEV) application. However, reliability and efficiency remain to be improved for commercial products. To reflect the complicated physics inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the PEMFC model consisting of inner muti-physics process and other accessories was built, then a complete hybrid system was established when a matched battery, DC/DC, regenerative braking were taken into consideration. Based on the above model, the stack state and system performance under standard cycle for heavy duty vehicle-CWTVC were obtained. According to the simulation results, fuel cell states such as pressure, water content and voltage suffers severe oscillation with external load, especially in the highway cycle. Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) suffers from pressure impact with average value of more than 24 kPa in highway cycle. In the aspect of relative humidity, the PEMFC stack is most threatened in road cycle. As for the hybrid system, its efficiency and state of charge (SOC) fluctuation perform worst in urban cycle and road cycle respectively, while its highest efficiency occurs in road test. Operating mode of fuel cell has influence on hybrid system. When 3-level mode of fuel cell output was applied, the efficiency increased to its peak value at medium level of 28 kW and then declined gradually. H2 consumption had an opposite trend compared to efficiency. In the aspect of battery SOC, it declines in operating process and its fluctuations decreases when medium level got bigger. The 3-level mode and 4-level mode were compared using this model. It can be concluded that although 3-level mode performs slightly better in hybrid system efficiency, H2 consumption, pressure impact, it does not have absolute advantage over 4-level mode in other indicators.  相似文献   
9.
Today, utility meters for water are tested for measurement behavior at stable operating conditions at specified flow rates as part of the approval process. The measurement error that occurs during start and stop or when changing between flow rates may not be taken into account. In addition, there are new technologies whose measuring behavior under real-world conditions is only known to a limited extend. To take these facts into account, a new method has been developed and tested to determine the measurement behavior of water meters under dynamic load profiles as they occur in the real application. For this purpose, a test rig for flow rate measurement was extended by a cavitation nozzle apparatus and the generation of dynamic load profiles was validated. For the cavitation nozzles used, possible factors influencing the flow rate, such as temperature and purity of the water as well as the upstream pressure were investigated. Using different types of domestic water meters, the applicability of the dynamic test procedure was demonstrated and the measurement behavior of the meters was characterised.  相似文献   
10.
Large-stroke high-speed positioning stages play a significant role in microelectronic packaging manufacturing. Considering the problem of Z-axis bonding position error caused by inaccurate positioning, diverse chip pad sizes, and other interfering factors, this study proposes a rapid high-precision compensating method with a micromotion compensator to reduce the positioning error in the Z-axis direction. In the study, the micromotion compensator with a unique piezoelectric-spring structure is designed and implemented on the stage working end. Based on the static force analysis and energy storage/dissipation analysis, the exact extension and retraction amount of the compensator is determined in relation to the spring preload force. From the frequency response analysis, the micromotion compensator can achieve a high-frequency performance with appropriate spring stiffness. Thus, the compensator can loyally react to the positioning error and rapidly output the exact compensating amount for the Z-axis operation. Based on the working principle and characteristics of the compensator, the compensating system is implemented. The experimental results show that the compensator can achieve nanometer precision positioning for the motion stage. The proposed Z-axis working-end compensator is particularly useful in the real-time chip bonding manufacturing process for rapid and accurate positioning.  相似文献   
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