Inverse design of the thermal environment in an airplane cockpit using the adjoint method with the momentum method

Currently, the thermal environment in airplane cockpits is unsatisfactory and pilots often complain about a strong draft sensation in the cockpit. It is caused by the unreasonable air supply diffusers design. One of the best approaches to design a better cockpit environment is the adjoint method. The method can simultaneously and efficiently identify the number, size, location, and shape of air supply inlets, and the air supply parameters. However, the real air diffuser needed to design often have grilles, especially in the airplane cockpit, and the current method can only design the inlet as an opening. This study combined the adjoint method with the momentum method to directly identify the optimal air supply diffusers with grilles to create optimal thermal environment in an airplane cockpit (1) under ideal conditions and (2) with realistic constraints. Under the ideal conditions, the resulting design provides an optimal thermal environment for the cockpit, but it might not be feasible in practice. The design with realistic constraints provides acceptable thermal comfort in the cockpit, but it is not optimal. Thus, there is an engineering trade-off between design feasibility and optimization. All in all, the adjoint method with the momentum method can be effectively used to identify real air supply diffusers.     

火电厂电气控制系统ECS研究

本文主要阐述了火电厂电气控制系统ECS的技术特点和要求,实现的功能,以及ECS的实现模式。     

ECS测井及其在西江油田的应用

在对ECS(地层元素测井)测井资料进行解释时,将元素的相对含量应用氧闭合模型转换成元素含量百分数,进而实现由元素含量到矿物含量的转变.当岩石的成分相对稳定时,岩石中元素含量也基本稳定.如果知道相应元素的百分比,可以实现对储层物性的研究.运用该方法对西江油田的某些井进行处理,得到的结论与试油结论有较好的一致性.     

元素俘获谱测井仪(ECS)在四川油气田的应用

四川碳酸盐岩储层的储层岩性较为复杂,以前由于没有准确的地层岩性含量测井仪器,在地层特别是储层岩性的识别上可能产生多解性,最终导致解释失误.元素俘获谱测井(ECS)仪器通过测量地层元素的含量,可以提供精确的地层岩性组分,使测井解释更加准确.该仪器经在四川油气田的碳酸盐岩地层应用,消除了岩石成分的多解性,提高了解释符合率.     

Application of energy capacitor system to wind power generation

In this paper, it is reported that energy capacitor system (ECS), which combines power electronic devices and electric double‐layer capacitor, can significantly decrease voltage and power fluctuations of grid‐connected fixed‐speed wind generator. The proper selection of wind farm output power reference is still a problem for smoothing the wind farm output power. This paper proposes exponential moving average to generate the reference output power of a grid‐connected wind farm. The objective of the control system is to follow the line power reference by absorbing or providing real power to or from the ECS. Moreover, the necessary reactive power can also be supplied to keep the wind farm terminal voltage at the desired reference level. Real wind speed data were used in the simulation analyses, which validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Simulation results clearly show that our proposed ECS can be suitable for wind power application. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

元素俘获谱测井在火山岩储层孔隙度计算中的应用

火山岩地层孔隙度的准确计算是储层综合评价与预测、储量计算、产能评估和开发方案编制的基础,但是由于火山岩岩石类型多,矿物组分复杂多变以及裂缝、气孔等微孔隙的发育。基于常规三孔隙度曲线的计算方法在求取火山岩储层孔隙度的时候受到很大的限制,成为火山岩储层评价技术走向成熟的最大瓶颈。元素俘获谱测井(ECS)利用快中子与地层中的原子核发生非弹性散射碰撞及热中子被俘获的原理,通过解谱和氧化物闭合模型得到地层中主要造岩元素的相对百分含量,并应用聚类分析、因子分析等方法定量求解地层的各种氧化物含量,而氧化物含量与火山岩岩石骨架密度紧密相关,据此建立能表征动态变化的火山岩骨架密度参数的计算模型,并结合密度测井计算火山岩孔隙度。方法在国内××油田火山岩储层的孔隙度计算中取得了很好的应用效果,为火山岩储层的精细评价提供了技术支撑。     

FMI成像测井在柴达木盆地的应用

FMI地层微电阻率成像测井具有高分辨率、高覆盖率及方位性和连续性等优势。是对地下地质特征精细评价的有效手段．可以有效地指导勘探方向。在柴达木盆地大风山构造上的风5井．应用FMI成像测井与ECS元素俘获测井相结合，首次在该区发现了藻灰岩的存在，重新定义了该区的沉积古环境，有效地指导了下一步勘探方向的转移，并大大降低了油气勘探的风险和成本。     

电气监控系统纳入DCS一体化控制及系统对时

介绍了宣威发电公司六期扩建工程2×300 MW汽轮发电机组电气监控系统ECS进入DCS一体化控制的实现方法。通过GPS对时装置,解决了DCS与ECS之间的对时问题,实际测试表明这种方法可行,且精度较高。     

爆炸压实烧结ITO陶瓷靶材的实验研究

通过爆炸压实烧结纳米ITO粉末制备了ITO陶瓷靶材，结果表明爆炸冲击压实在靶材的后续烧结密实过程中起到了促进作用，它与常规的加压烧结相比，具有操作简单，设备要求低等很多优点。经过爆炸压实的烧结靶材具有细小的晶体颗粒，比商业靶材的晶粒度小约1个数量级。     

火电厂厂用电气自动化系统(ECS)的现状和发展

本文主要介绍了火电厂ECS的现状和发展历程,结合近年来网络通信技术在变电站综合自动化系统的成功应用,简单的分析DCS系统硬接线方式缺点,对ECS的发展提出新的展望。