Inconel 690传热管GTAW对接焊接头组织及力学性能研究

对Inconel 690传热管材进行钨极气体保护焊(GTAW)对接焊,采用拉伸试验机、压扁试验机和光学显微镜测试和分析传热管焊接接头,同时利用ANSYS软件开展焊接接头在设计工况失压时的一次应力强度校核。研究结果表明:焊缝中心为树枝胞状晶,熔合线附近为粗大柱状晶。室温时接头的平均抗拉强度为619 MPa,平均屈服强度为292 MPa,350℃时接头平均抗拉强度为475 MPa,平均屈服强度为206 MPa,拉伸接头断裂从熔合区开始贯穿整个焊缝组织,呈塑性断裂。压扁试验和反向压扁试验结果表明管接头完好。通过ANSYS分析可知,设计工况下传热管接头350℃许用应力强度150 MPa限值可满足其一次应力强度要求,且裕量较大。     

十二烷基硫酸钠修饰NiFe2O4对亚甲基蓝的类芬顿催化氧化性能

采用化学沉淀法制备了十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）改性的纳米酸镍（记为NiFe₂O₄-S），利用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、能谱（EDS）、透射电镜（TEM）、BET比表面等技术手段对样品进行了表征。采用多相芬顿氧化技术，以亚甲基蓝溶液为模拟污染物废水，研究了SDS对铁酸镍的改性效果、亚甲基蓝溶液初始pH以及催化剂循环使用等不同条件因素对样品类芬顿催化活性的影响。结果显示，经SDS改性后的NiFe₂O₄-S比纯相NiFe₂O₄表现出了更优异的催化性能，NiFe₂O₄-S对酸性（pH=3.5）、近中性（pH=6.5）和碱性（pH=9.5）的亚甲基蓝溶液均有着较好的催化降解效果；NiFe₂O₄-S具有良好的催化稳定性和重复使用性。对该催化反应体系的作用机理进行了详细探讨，NiFe₂O₄-S表现出优异的类芬顿催化活性归因于更强的电子转移能力，吸附的SDS能促进H₂O₂和 \text{?} {\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\text{-}} 分别与表面Fe³⁺反应将其还原转化为Fe²⁺。·OH是直接分解亚甲基蓝的活性物种，反应中NiFe₂O₄-S表面较高浓度的Fe²⁺可以有效地把H₂O₂分解为·OH。SDS增强了催化剂表面对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力，促进了·OH与亚甲基蓝的分解反应。     

A highly active composite electrocatalyst Ni–Fe–P–Nb2O5/NF for overall water splitting

This work demonstrates a facile Nb₂O₅-decorated electrocatalyst to prepare cost-effective Ni–Fe–P–Nb₂O₅/NF and compared HER & OER performance in alkaline media. The prepared electrocatalyst presented an outstanding electrocatalytic performance towards hydrogen evolution reaction, which required a quite low overpotential of 39.05 mV at the current density of ?10 mA cm^?2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Moreover, the Ni–Fe–P–Nb₂O₅/NF catalyst also has excellent oxygen evolution efficiency, which needs only 322 mV to reach the current density of 50 mA cm^?2. Furthermore, its electrocatalytic performance towards overall water splitting worked as both cathode and anode achieved a quite low potential of 1.56 V (10 mA cm^?2).     

Controlled galvanic decoration boosting catalysis: Enhanced glycerol electro-oxidation at Cu/Ni modified macroporous films

We report on glycerol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium at macroporous Ni electrodes decorated with Cu particles. Macroporous Ni film is electrodeposited, using hydrogen bubbles as dynamic templates, atop of a Cu substrate. This film shows good electrocatalytic activity towards glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). The Ni film is further decorated with Cu via spontaneous deposition from CuSO₄ solution. This is done to enhance the catalytic activity of the film towards GOR. The morphology of the Cu-decorated Ni film is controlled using various additives such as KCl and (NH₄)₂SO₄ which are added to the Cu deposition bath. The as-prepared Cu-decorated Ni films are characterized by electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that these additives have tremendous effects on the morphology and the electrocatalytic activity of the decorating Cu particles.The decorated Ni foam showed superior electrocatalytic activity towards the GOR, as confirmed by the negative shift in the onset oxidation potential (ca. 100 mV) together with an increase in oxidation current that is up to 1.5-fold during the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, compared to the undecorated Ni foam.     

A new solid‐state mode of hot corrosion at temperatures below 700°C

Preliminary results on a single‐crystal nickel‐based superalloy indicated that hot corrosion can occur at temperatures as low as 550°C, where liquid formation, generally believed to be responsible for Type II hot corrosion, is not predicted. Additional tests were conducted on pure‐nickel samples at 650°C and below to more clearly elucidate the mechanism of this very low‐temperature hot corrosion. Environments in dry air and O₂‐(2.5, 10, 100, and 1000) ppm SO₂ were studied. Based on the results obtained, a solid‐state corrosion mechanism was inferred. The mechanism relies on the formation of a previously unreported compound phase, which was identified using transmission electron microscope analysis that indicated the stoichiometry of Na₂Ni₂SO₅. Furthermore, it was nanocrystalline in structure and metastable. It was deduced that the Na₂Ni₂SO₅ formation was responsible for the rapid nickel transport required for the observed accelerated corrosion process. Moreover, its eventual decomposition resulted in a mixed product of porous NiO with embedded particles of Na₂SO₄. Application of the proposed mechanism to nickel‐based alloys is discussed.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定辛酸铑催化剂中铂钯铅铁铜铝镍

准确测定辛酸铑催化剂中杂质元素含量,是判定产品是否合格的重要指标之一。以往常采用直流电弧发射光谱法(摄谱法)进行检测,但测定周期长,且重复性较差。用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定辛酸铑催化剂中微量杂质元素时,辛酸铑催化剂样品中含有的大量有机组分和铑基体会对测定有严重干扰。实验采用反复滴加硝酸消解样品中有机组分,再用王水溶解盐类,选用合适背景点扣除的方式消除铑基体的干扰,建立了使用ICP-AES测定辛酸铑催化剂中0.001%~0.1%(质量分数)Pt、Pd、Pb、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni等7种微量杂质元素的方法。各元素在0.10~10.00μg/mL范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9999;方法检出限(μg/mL)为0.075(Pt)、0.0033(Pd)、0.015(Pb)、0.0036(Fe)、0.010(Cu)、0.001(Al)、0.012(Ni)。实验方法用于测定辛酸铑催化剂样品中Pt、Pd、Pb、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni,结果的相对标准偏差为(RSD,n=7)为1.4%~9.6%。按照实验方法测定辛酸铑催化剂中Pt、Pd、Pb、Fe、Cu、Al、Ni,并与直流电弧发射光谱法的测定结果进行比对,结果相一致。     

氟橡胶包覆硝酸肼镍及其对雷管撞击感度的影响

利用水悬浮法将氟橡胶包覆在硝酸肼镍(NHN)表面制备出了NHN造型粉,并将其应用于基础雷管。通过DSC研究了NHN造型粉的热性能，测试了NHN造型粉的机械感度和火焰感度以及工业基础雷管的撞击感度和起爆能力。研究结果表明:氟橡胶包覆能够提高NHN的热稳定性，且热稳定性随着氟橡胶包覆量的增加而提高；NHN造型粉的机械感度均低于原料NHN，当氟橡胶包覆量（质量分数）为9%时，撞击感度下降幅度明显，可达142.9%；NHN造型粉用在基础雷管中做起爆药，可以降低基础雷管的撞击感度并保持其起爆能力。     

分光光度法和光度滴定法联合测定湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中锌钴镍

湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液中含有高浓度的Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺,用分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺时,Fe²⁺-EDTA会严重干扰Co²⁺和Ni²⁺的测定;在用光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺和Co²⁺合量时,Ni²⁺对二甲酚橙指示剂具有封闭作用,Mn²⁺亦与EDTA螯合,导致滴定结果偏高。为消除Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺对Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定的干扰,实验进行氧化分离Fe²⁺和Mn²⁺预处理,在NaAc/Hac缓冲体系下,以EDTA作显色剂用分光光度法测定Co²⁺、Ni²⁺。在波长466nm处,Co²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9992;在384nm处,Ni²⁺的线性范围为50~500mg/L时与吸光度呈线性,相关系数R²为0.9998。根据分光光度法测出Ni²⁺物质的量,加入1.1倍的丁二酮肟以除去Ni²⁺,用二甲酚橙为指示剂,EDTA鳌合-光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,扣减Co²⁺含量得出Zn²⁺含量。选取4个锌湿法炼锌流程中钴渣浸出液实际样品,按照实验方法中的分光光度法测定Co²⁺和Ni²⁺,光度滴定法测定Zn²⁺、Co²⁺合量,Zn²⁺、Co²⁺和Ni²⁺测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均不大于0.70%,加标回收率分别为99.59%~100.41%、99.69%~100.64%、99.92%~100.08%。     

镀液温度实时控制系统的设计与实现

针对镀液温度变化的非线性和滞后性,设计了采用专家规则的镀液温度实时控制系统。该系统在实时监测的基础上,构建了综合评判镀液温度偏差和镀液温度偏差变化率的专家规则,实现了镀液温度的自适应快速调节。仿真分析结果表明,该系统克服了非线性和滞后性的不良影响,能够实现镀液温度的实时控制。     

Solidification of Be-free Ni-based dental alloy

A novel, Nb- and Si-rich and Be-free Ni-based alloy was cast by two methods of investment casting and continuous casting to study the microstructure evolution during solidification and its mechanical properties. The solidification of the alloy started with the primary crystallization of FCC-γ, followed by a binary eutectic reaction, with the formation of a heterogeneous constituent: FCC-γ+G-phase, which replaced the low-melting eutectic (FCC-γ+NiBe) in the Be-bearing alloys. AlNi₆Si₃ and γ′ formed during the terminal stages of solidification by investment casting, while the formation of AlNi₆Si₃ was suppressed by continuous casting. The Scheil solidification model agreed very well with the experimental results.