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1.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(6):8155-8168
In the present study, the effect of oxy-acetylene flame angle on the erosion resistance of SiC/ZrB2–SiC/ZrB2 multilayer coatings with the gradient structure was investigated. To this aim, first, the SiC inner layer was applied by the reactive melt infiltration (RMI) technique; then ZrB2 and ZrB2–SiC layers with 10, 20 and 30%wt. SiC were applied on graphite by the plasma spraying technique. To prevent the oxidation of ZrB2 and SiC particles, the plasma spraying process was performed by a solid protective shield. To evaluate the performance of the coatings in erosive environments, the samples were exposed to oxy-acetylene flame at the angles of 30°, 60° and 90° for 360 s; the destruction mechanism of SiC/ZrB2–SiC/ZrB2 multilayer coatings appeared to be controlled mechanically and chemically. The results of the erosion test showed that at the low flame angles of about 30°, due to the shear forces of oxy-acetylene flame, mechanical erosion overcame the chemical one. With increasing the flame angle, due to raising the surface temperature, chemical erosion overcame the mechanical one; so, most chemical destruction occurred at the flame angle of 90°. Also, the results of the erosion test showed that the total chemical and mechanical destruction at the angle of 60° was greater than that in other angles. Also, among the coatings tested, SiC/ZrB2- 20% wt. SiC/ZrB2 coatings had the best erosion resistance; so, the weight changes under the oxy-acetylene flame at the angles of 30° and 60°, respectively, were about ?0.038%. and ?0.355%; meanwhile, at the angle of 90°, it was about +4.3%.  相似文献   
2.
There are several methods for estimating bed shear stress in the literature, but comprehensive comparisons among them are limited and under specific conditions. This study compared these methods first on a bare smooth bed, and then for a single geobag on a rough bed in the interest of determining the stability of geobags used in riverbank protection structures. The geobag was filled with cement or sand and tested under different open channel flow conditions. The turbulent kinetic energy method appeared to best represent the local bed shear stress on the geobag when using the newly calibrated proportionality constants. The Reynolds stress method via extrapolation was relatively unaffected by changes to the geobags shape and measurement locations, suggesting this method inadequately represents the local bed shear stress. The Patel method and the universal law of the wall method failed to represent local bed shear stress in the rough bed cases due to instrument limitations and the breakdown of the law of the wall. This study highlights the impact of different methods on the bed shear stress estimation.  相似文献   
3.
为提高PS-PVD热障涂层的抗沙尘冲刷性能,采用等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积技术(PS-PVD)在粘结层表面制备7YSZ热障涂层,在大气环境下进行了抗沙尘冲刷试验,研究了PS-PVD热障涂层的冲刷行为及失效机制。通过等离子喷涂技术(APS)在PS-PVD热障涂层表面制备了一层致密层状涂层,重点研究了致密层厚度对PSPVD热障涂层抗冲刷失效性能的影响。结果表明PS-PVD热障涂层冲刷过程经历了快速、中速、慢速冲刷三个阶段。随着致密层厚度的增加,对PS-PVD热障涂层抗冲刷性能的提升愈加明显。当致密层厚度为5μm时,对PS-PVD热障涂层抗冲刷性能无明显影响;当致密层厚度为10μm时,PS-PVD热障涂层抗冲刷性能提高了约30%;当致密层厚度为20μm时,PS-PVD热障涂层抗冲刷性能约提高了4倍。  相似文献   
4.
For one week from August 17 to 23, 2016, three consecutive typhoons made landfall in Hokkaido for the first time on record. These typhoons and the front they stimulated brought record-breaking torrential rain over the eastern part of Hokkaido. To investigate the damage to grounds and rivers resulting from this rainfall, the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) and the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS) formed a disaster research group to conduct an investigation. This report provides the results of the investigation into damage to the grounds of areas along the Tokoro River of the Okhotsk region, Hokkaido, that suffered from this tremendous and diverse disaster. Specifically, the report describes the situation of the levees which were broken and eroded by the overflowing water, the shape of the levee bodies, the levee body soil properties examined by observation of the sections, as well as the occurrence of sand boiling and air blows. The washout of road embankments as well as damage to road bridge mounting fills and abutment backfills were also investigated. The investigation has demonstrated the need to clarify the resistance of the abutment backfills and levee bodies to flowing water as well as the geotechnical predominant factors in order to clarify the mechanisms behind erosion and washout, the need to review new measures that allow for the scale of sand boiling and resultant changes in levee body stability, and the fact that the existing embankments were able to temporarily suppress the flooding water which had spilled over from the river. Furthermore, although it has been identified that the findings of a study on an embankment washout associated with a tsunami can be applied to measures taken against the overflowing water, it has also been found necessary to clarify the predominant geotechnical factors using model tests and to use a more sophisticated analytical approach to establish a geotechnical stability review as soon as possible in order to prevent the levees and embankments from being eroded and washed out due to overflowing water.  相似文献   
5.
Erosion and accretion of various magnitudes occur along the southwest Lake Michigan shoreline. These processes are triggered by natural events and human activities, which affect the distribution and thickness of sand on the nearshore lake bottom. Significant erosion along the Illinois coastline has highlighted the need for a large-scale means of acquiring spatially rich data to build models of sand distribution along the entire shoreline. Thus, we implemented a high-resolution airborne transient electromagnetic (TEM) method, coupled with a ground-based electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method to determine the sand distribution and thickness along the shore from the beach to ~1 km into the lake. From Kenosha, Wisconsin, to Chicago, Illinois, we acquired 1049 line-km of TEM data, and 13.43 line-km of ERT data. Our results indicated a distinct, uneven distribution and thickness of the unconsolidated sand unit covering the southwestern Lake Michigan shoreline. The unconsolidated sand unit was found to range in thickness from 0 to ~12 m. This unconsolidated sand unit was shown to be thickest (4.5 to ~10 m) in the northern part of the study site. In southern Wisconsin and Chicago, the sand layer beneath the water column was found to be very thin, ≤1 m. We propose, based on our analysis, that lake-bed conditions and wind direction are the main factors that limit southward littoral transport. Our data suggest that the current state of the shoreline is relatively analogous to how it has always behaved; however, anthropogenic disturbance has exacerbated the natural patterns of erosion and accretion.  相似文献   
6.
鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田前石炭纪古地貌解释新模式   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
近年来,鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田在原有古地貌解释模式下部署的多口勘探开发井钻探均告失利,二维地震储层预测准确率下滑至70%以下,制约了该区天然气勘探的进程。为此,在综合分析已有古地貌恢复方法优缺点的基础上,根据印模法、残余厚度法的基本原理,结合钻井、测井资料,创建了一种考虑古构造影响的定量古地貌恢复方法,并利用该方法对该气田进行古地貌恢复与侵蚀沟槽重新解释。研究结果表明:(1)该区下古生界储层沟槽解释模式由原来的"东西向大型侵蚀沟槽、南北向毛细沟槽模式"修正为"东西侵蚀主沟槽与局部侵蚀潜坑并存"新模式;(2)较之于原预测结果,下古生界侵蚀主沟槽东西向长度缩短近1/2,毛细沟槽发育范围较小,局部被半径介于1~15 km的潜坑替代;(3)据重新解释的成果,该区下古生界气藏可扩大含气面积305 km~2,预计可建天然气产能4.5×10~8 m~3/a。2016—2017年,利用该研究成果在原解释的沟槽内部署井位30口,目前已完钻8口井,7口井下古生界奥陶系马家沟组马五1+2亚段储层保存完整,其中5口井试气的平均无阻流量为14.3×104 m~3/d,证实新方法能准确地对该区古地貌进行定量化表征、提高储层预测的准确率。  相似文献   
7.
Slurry erosion behaviour of HVOF (High Velocity Oxy Fuel) and plasma sprayed coatings on CA6NM hydraulic turbine steel has been investigated at different levels of various parameters. The Cr2O3–50%Al2O3 composite powder was prepared and deposited on CA6NM steel samples to get the uniform thickness coatings. The surface roughness, porosity and microhardness of as-coated samples were measured. The as-coated samples were subjected to SEM/EDS analysis to evaluate the surface microstructure of the developed coatings. Erosion tests were performed on self made erosion test rig under hydro accelerated conditions. The study reveals that the velocity, impact angle and slurry concentration were the most significant parameters, influencing the erosion rate of these coatings. The average particle size had least affect on the erosion rate. HVOF-coated samples showed better corrosion resistance as compared to plasma-coated samples due to high hardness of HVOF-coated CA6NM samples.  相似文献   
8.
王延飞  樊刚  魏昶  邓志敢  李卫峰 《矿冶》2015,24(4):49-54
通过液态高铅渣直接还原炉内侵蚀铬镁耐火砖的物理性能检测、化学成分分析以及SEM扫描电镜和EDS能谱检测分析,研究了在高温、强还原性气氛和碱性炉渣等熔炼环境下,还原炉内不同区域铬镁耐火砖的破坏机理。研究发现,液态高铅渣直接还原炉渣线区耐火砖表面损毁主要由熔渣氧化物侵蚀引起;熔池区耐火砖表面为熔渣侵蚀,没有明显的过渡带;高温还原性气体沿耐火砖显气孔进入耐火砖内部是导致炉顶区耐火砖表面结构变疏松的主要原因。通过化学成分以及晶体结构检测分析,发现铅、铜和砷等金属渗透引起的结构性破坏是造成渣线区和熔池区铬镁耐火砖损坏的主要因素;耐火砖内铁氧化物组分被还原引起的结构改变是导致炉顶区耐火砖结构疏松的主要因素。  相似文献   
9.
The metal components exposed to the high-velocity liquid-solid flow can be rapidly eroded by the accelerated particles. With an excellent combination of strength and toughness, the NiCoCrFeNb0.45 eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) has emerged as a promising material to resist erosion damage. In this study, the erosion behavior of NiCoCrFeNb0.45 EHEA in high-velocity multiphase flow is investigated through the coupling analysis of material properties, multiphase flow, and particle-surface impact behavior. The inherent mathematical relationship is discovered between the erosion rates and the impact velocity, impact angle, and test time. The results show that the NiCoCrFeNb0.45 EHEA has superior erosion resistance than the commonly used machinery materials. The principal material removal mechanism is the formation and brittle fracture of the platelets, accompanied by micro-cutting and ploughing at some oblique angles. The higher work-hardenability of NiCoCrFeNb0.45 EHEA could mitigate the erosion damage as time proceeds, and this effect becomes more apparent as the impact angle increases. Therefore, the evolution of erosion damage with time varies significantly depending on the impact angle. Based on the test data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the near-wall flow field, a power exponential function relationship between erosion depth and the corresponding impact velocity at various locations on the material surface is established.  相似文献   
10.
Aero-engines operating in dust-laden environments often encounter a lot of dust/sand that causes a severe problem to the TBCs by means of erosion. As the turbine entry temperatures are rising, molten sand is also a big concern to the life-time of TBCs.This paper deals with the TBC behavior under the combined influence of erosion and corrosion attack. Variations in TBC morphology, CMAS infiltration time and CMAS composition and their influence on the erosion resistance at room temperature were investigated. Two different EB-PVD 7YSZ morphologies consisting of a different porosity arrangement were tested in the erosion/corrosion regime. The more ‘Feathery’ structure has a better resistance to erosion compared to a more columnar ‘Normal’ structure, which leads to less degradation of the TBC. However, under the influence of CMAS infiltration the effect was found to be reversed. In general, CMAS-infiltrated EB-PVD TBCs exhibit a higher erosion resistance than the non-infiltrated ones.  相似文献   
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