复杂环境下氧化铝储槽定向爆破拆除

在较为复杂的环境下,爆破拆除钢筋混凝土氧化铝储槽。该储槽自重大、呈圆形,内有4根立柱支撑下料漏斗。为使储槽顺利定向倒塌,通过爆破方案选择、参数确定,采取梯形切口和预处理以及安全防护和减振措施,使储槽爆破拆除获圆满成功。     

控制爆破法处理卡钻事故

介绍了在包头市某工程实施管道穿越黄河施工中,采用爆破法处理卡钻的经验。针对深水环境条件及钻杆内径小不宜采用集团装药的条件,确定采用"小直径爆破筒,钻杆内部装药"的爆破方案,阐述了爆破设计及施工注意事项。可供类似工程参考。     

中国天然气市场可持续发展分析

承接2016年回暖之势,2017年中国天然气市场迎来爆发式增长,全年天然气消费量达2 335×10~8 m~3、年消费增量达353×10~8 m~3。为此,有必要剖析推动中国天然气市场爆发式增长的主要因素并预测其未来发展的可持续性。研究结果表明:(1)2017年爆发式增长主要受益于宏观经济形势好转、大气污染防治措施深入实施、化工等大宗产品价格回升、华东地区天然气发电负荷增加、管道天然气供应价格相对较低、LNG汽车市场整体呈现回暖态势等因素;(2)经济发展形势、"煤改气"的推进、政策实施方向、油气价格趋势等外部因素将能继续支持天然气市场的快速增长;(3)但天然气产业的自身条件、资源和基础设施条件将对市场发展造成制约。结论认为:(1)2020年之前我国天然气市场需求量仍会保持快速增长的趋势,但难以维持每年300×10~8 m~3的增长规模;(2)工业燃料和发电是天然气市场发展的主要方向;(3)环渤海等地区是未来天然气需求量增长的主要区域。为了保持我国天然气市场的发展态势,提出如下建议:(1)千方百计扩大天然气供应规模,在认真做好国产非常规天然气资源开发的同时,积极落实进口天然气资源;(2)毫不松懈地建设基础设施,管道要超前建设,LNG接收站要加大力度建设,地下储气库等调峰设施要鼓励建设;(3)科学合理地理顺天然气价格,居民价格与非居民价格并轨首当其冲,确立价格是平衡供需关系的杠杆作用,减少行政干涉。     

爆炸塔内悬置裸露药包爆炸地表振动试验研究

为研究爆炸塔内裸露药包爆炸地表振动衰减规律,进行了不同药量和悬置高度裸露药包爆炸振动测试试验。结果表明,爆炸塔内悬置裸露药包爆炸地表振速表现为垂向径向切向,地表振速受药量影响大于药包悬置高度影响。振动频率在爆源近区高频衰减速度大于爆源远区低频衰减速度。对地表振速进行回归分析发现,悬置裸露爆破衰减系数明显小于经验值,存在一个与悬置药包有关的爆炸折减系数K′,K′取值为0.26~0.56。     

EFFECT OF MICRITE CONTENT ON CALCITE CEMENTATION IN AN UPPER JURASSIC CARBONATE RESERVOIR,EASTERN SAUDI ARABIA

Cementation is a primary factor reducing the porosity of carbonate rocks. It is a challenge to accurately model cementation for reservoir quality prediction because cementation is often a syndepositional process. In addition, cementation requires fluid flow to transport chemical species for precipitation within the pore spaces in a sediment. The development of fully‐coupled depositional‐hydrogeochemical models for cementation prediction is desirable, but the parameters which control the extent of cementation need to be identified and evaluated. This study uses petrographic data from 583 carbonate samples from 15 wells in an Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) reservoir at a giant oilfield in eastern Saudi Arabia to investigate the controlling effects of micrite content on cementation in carbonate rocks. The results indicate that the amount of cement decreases with increasing micrite content in the carbonate rocks analysed. In addition, a modified Houseknecht method has been developed to assess the relative fractions of porosity reduction in carbonate sediments due to compaction and cementation. The method highlights variations in depositional porosity for different rock textures and distinguishes microporosity from interparticle porosity. In the studied samples, the total porosity loss due to compaction and cementation is generally less than 45%, and samples lose more porosity due to compaction than cementation. The relative importance of compaction and cementation in reducing porosity is different for different rock textures: wackestones and mudstones lose porosity mostly as a result of compaction, while grainstones, mud‐lean packstones and packstones lose porosity due to both compaction and cementation.     

Influence of soil density on gas permeability and water retention in soils amended with in-house produced biochar

Biochar has been used as an environment-friendly enhancer to improve the hydraulic properties(e.g.suction and water retention) of soil.However,variations in densities alter the properties of the soil-biochar mix.Such density variations are observed in agriculture(loosely compacted) and engineering(densely compacted) applications.The influence of biochar amendment on gas permeability of soil has been barely investigated,especially for soil with diffe rent densities.The maj or obj ective of this study is to investigate the water retention capacity,and gas permeability of biochar-amended soil(BAS) with different biochar contents under varying degree of compaction(DOC) conditions.In-house produced novel biochar was mixed with the soil at different amendment rates(i.e.biochar contents of 0%,5% and 10%).All BAS samples were compacted at three DOCs(65%,80% and 95%) in polyvinyl chloride(PVC)tubes.Each soil column was subjected to drying-wetting cycles,during which soil suction,water content,and gas permeability were measured.A simplified theoretical framework for estimating the void ratio of BAS was proposed.The experimental results reveal that the addition of biochar significantly decreased gas permeability k_g as compared with that of bare soil(BS).However,the addition of 5%biochar is found to be optimum in decreasing kg with an increase of DOC(i.e.k_(g,65%) k_(g,80%) k_(g,95%)) at a relatively low suction range(200 kPa) because both biochar and compaction treatment reduce the connected pores.     

Experimental studies on explosive limits and minimum ignition energy of syngas: A comparative review

Syngas, as one cleaner and efficient approach to coal utilization, has been widely regarded as one promising alternative fuel. Owing to the existence of hydrogen molecule, syngas has a great potential to explosion which would be favoured by thermo-power devices but be worried by safety issues on the processes of production, storage, and delivery. Explosive limits and minimum ignition energy are two essential but crucial aspects for the initiation of explosion, and thus a well understanding on those issues should be a prerequisite for massive utilizations. This paper has presented a comprehensive review on the recent progress in the experimental studies on the explosive limits and minimum ignition energy for syngas. Some essential conclusions and some interesting observations have been remarked, and the potential of further studies have been prospected.     

惠民凹陷临南洼陷古近系沙河街组超压成因机制及分布预测

渤海湾盆地惠民凹陷临南洼陷古近系沙河街组油气勘探过程中钻遇不同规模的异常高压，超压成因的不确定性限制了压力预测的可靠性。利用临南洼陷丰富的钻杆测试（DST）压力数据、泥浆密度和测井资料，细致分析了渗透性砂岩流体压力发育特征和超压段泥岩测井响应，依据常压和超压段声波速度、密度测井数据建立判识超压成因的有效应力-测井响应图版，综合讨论了沙河街组超压的成因机制，并预测了异常高压的空间分布。研究发现，临南洼陷沙河街组砂岩储层超压主要发育在3 000 m以深的沙三段（Es³）和沙四段（Es⁴），最高过剩压力分别为23.82 MPa和14.04 MPa；超压段泥岩测井响应表现为偏离正常压实趋势的异常高声波时差、低密度和高中子孔隙度，具有典型的欠压实特征。沙河街组储层超压最主要的成因是相邻泥岩机械压实不平衡作用形成超压的传递，表现为大多数的超压数据均符合加载曲线趋势，只有深洼陷区（埋深为4 000~4 300 m）的超压呈现出卸载特征，可能存在由于富有机质泥岩深埋达到较高成熟度（R_o为0.90%~1.05%）引起的生烃增压贡献。利用平衡深度法计算的流体压力与DST压力数据吻合度高，印证了沙河街组超压主要来自泥岩不均衡压实作用的认识，沙三段过剩压力呈现围绕着洼陷中心呈环状分布，向周围的斜坡区和隆起带逐渐减小为常压。研究成果可以为临南洼陷钻前压力评估提供有价值的指导和借鉴。