Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-pressed SiC nanofiber reinforced SiC composites

This study reports on the preparation and mechanical properties of a novel SiC_nf/SiC composite. The single crystal SiC nanofiber(SiC_nf) reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC) were successfully fabricated by hot pressing the mixture of β-SiC powders, SiC_nf and Al–B–C powder. The effects of SiC_nf mass fraction as well as the hot-pressing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiC_nf/SiC CMC were systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that the 15 wt% SiC_nf/SiC CMC obtained by hot pressing (HP) at 1850 °C with 30 MPa for 60 min possessed the maximum flexural strength and fracture toughness of 678.2 MPa and 8.33 MPa m^1/2, respectively. The nanofibers pull out, nanofibers bridging and cracks deflection were found by scanning electron microscopy, which are believed can strengthen and toughen the SiC_nf/SiC CMC via consuming plenty of the fracture energy. Besides, although the relative density of the prepared SiC_nf/SiC CMC further increased with the sintering temperature rose to 1900 °C, the further coarsend composites grains results in the deterioration of the mechanical properties for the obtained composites compared to 1850 °C.     

The initiation and propagation of detonation in supersonic combustible flow with boundary layer

Adaptive simulations solving the Navier-Stokes equations have been conducted in order to get a better understanding on the detonation initiation and propagation in a stoichiometric H₂/O₂/Ar supersonic mixture with boundary layer. The detonation is initiated by a continuous hot jet. When reflecting on the wall, the jet induced bow shock interacts with the boundary layer and forms the shock boundary layer interaction phenomena, while in Euler result the bow shock forms Mach reflection. The investigation shows that the Navier-Stokes simulation result is structurally in better agreement with the experiment compared with that of the inviscid Euler simulation result. The bow shock interacts with the separation shock, forming the shock induced combustion behind the interaction zone. Then the combustion front couples with shock and forms Mach stem induced detonation. The Mach stem induced detonation continues to getting higher and propagating upstream, initiating the main flow. The initiated partial detonation exists with the separation shock induced combustion front, forming an “oblique shock induced combustion-partial detonation” structure in the main flow. The investigation on the influence of free stream Mach number further confirms that the boundary layer has an important influence on detonation initiation. The parametric studies also show that there exists a free stream Mach number range to initiate the partial detonation in supersonic combustible flow successfully.     

Compressive strength and microstructure of alkali-activated fly ash/slag binders at high temperature

This paper reports the results of the compressive strength and microstructure of various alkali-activated binders at elevated temperatures of 300 and 600 °C. The binders were prepared by alkali-activated low calcium fly ash/ground granulated blast-furnace slag at ratios of 100/0, 50/50, 10/90 and 0/100 wt.%. Specimens free of loading were heated to a pre-fixed temperature by keeping the furnace temperature constant until the specimens reached a steady state. Then the specimen was loaded to failure while hot. XRD, SEM and FTIR techniques were used to investigate the microstructural changes after the thermal exposure. The fly ash-based specimen shows an increase in strength at 600 °C. On the other hand, the slag-based specimen gives the worst high-temperature performance particularly at a temperature of 300 °C as compared to ordinary Portland cement binder. This contrasting behaviour of binders is due to their different binder formulation which gives rise to various phase transformations at elevated temperatures. The effects of these transformations on the compressive strength are discussed on the basis of experimental results.     

Fabrication of fine-grained α/β Si3N4 by Hot Pressing Flowing Sintering at 1550 °C

In this paper, Hot Pressing Flowing Sintering (HPFS) was successfully applied to the consolidation of silicon nitride ceramics at low sintering temperature. Fine-grained α/β-Si₃N₄ with high density was fabricated by HPFS at 1550 °C. The low temperature densification process was based on the hot pressing flow enhanced particle rearrangement mechanism. The shear stress which generated in the flowing process helped enhance the particle rearrangement with the lubrication of the liquid phase, which lead to collapse of the pores. The densification process was finished with minimum grain growth. Meanwhile, the rod-like β-Si₃N₄ nuclei was textured during the flowing process. The (101)/(210) ratio of β-Si₃N₄ was 0.09 on the plane perpendicular to the hot-pressing direction. The Vickers hardness and flexural strength of the sintered sample was 19.59 ± 0.36 GPa and 1022 ± 138 MPa, respectively.     

Transparent tetragonal-cubic zirconia composite ceramics densified by spark plasma sintering and hot isostatic pressing

Targeting higher toughness transparent ceramics, tetragonal (3 mol % yttria) and cubic (8 mol % yttria) ZrO₂ starting powder mixtures were densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) in vacuum at 1100 °C and post hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in argon at 1100 °C. The influence of the ultra-fine microstructure and phase composition on the fracture resistance and light transmission in the visible and infra-red range was assessed. Of special interest was the influence of a thermal annealing step in air on the transparency of the SPS and SPS-HIP ceramics.     

3种油脂酸价测定方法的比较

目的研究现行国标中3种油脂酸价测定方法对不同类别植物食用油的检测效果。方法选取花生油、大豆油、玉米油、葵花籽油、菜籽油、橄榄油共6种油样采用这3方法进行酸价测定,通过分析测试结果和存在问题,提出不同测定方法的较佳适用对象和选择依据。结果6种油脂都是冷溶剂自动电位滴定法的平行测定标准差最小,热乙醇指示剂滴定法次之,冷溶剂指示剂滴定法的方差都较大。结论冷溶剂自动电位滴定法通用性最好;冷溶剂自动电位滴定法稳定性最好,热乙醇指示剂滴定法次之,冷溶剂指示剂滴定法的稳定性相对较差。     

涤纶浸染用高固色率液体分散染料

研究了菲诺CLT型液体分散染料的粒径、扩散性、高低温分散性和储存稳定性等基本性能;分析了液体分散染料的染色上染率、移染性和提升性等应用性能;对比了常规粉状染料和液体分散染料的浸染染色残液。结果表明,CLT型液体分散染料颗粒细致均匀,扩散性、高低温分散性能和存储稳定性优异。三只液体分散染料上染曲线、移染性和提升性相近,染料组合配伍性好。     

热镀锌渣中浸渣硫酸浸出锌的工艺研究

以锌含量为17.22%的热镀锌渣中浸渣为原料,在水热反应釜中以硫酸为浸出剂浸出其中锌。结果表明,最佳浸出条件为: 硫酸体积浓度15%、浸出温度180 ℃、液固比6∶1、浸出时间8 h,此条件下锌浸出率可达到99.71%; 浸渣主要成分为硫酸铝盐和硫酸钙。     

不同层面倾角下锦屏一级水电站左岸板岩坡体破坏模式及能量特征

为了合理分析锦屏一级水电站左岸坡体的变形,选取坡体板岩进行巴西劈裂试验,分别研究了不同层面倾角下不同饱水率板岩的力学特性及能量特征。结果表明,板岩的抗拉强度随层面倾角的不断增加先减小后增加,其最大降幅达82%;同一层面倾角下,随着饱水程度的增加,板岩抗拉强度逐渐降低,在层面倾角为45°时,抗拉强度从1.64MPa降至0.52MPa,降幅达68%;试样层面倾角0°~90°的破坏受饱水率的影响较小,主要由层面倾角控制,破坏特征分为岩石拉伸型破坏、层面剪切破坏、基质-层面互剪型破坏、层面张拉破坏四种模式;试样破坏的累积能量随饱水程度的增加而不断减小,在相同饱水程度下,累积能量随层面倾角的增大而逐渐减小,累积能量的增长速率与荷载比成非线性关系,在轴向荷载达40%~80%时增长最快。