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1.
In this work, a practical numerical model with few parameters was proposed for the prediction of environmental hydrogen embrittlement. The proposed method adopts hydrogen enhanced plasticity-based mechanism in a fracture strain model to describe hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture toughness degradation of three commercial steels SA372J70, AISI4130 and X80 in high pressure hydrogen environment were investigated. Firstly, governing equations for hydrogen distribution and material damage evolution was established. Hydrogen enhanced localized flow softening effect was coupled within fracture strain dependency on stress triaxiality. Then, the numerical implementation and identification process of model parameters was described. Model parameters of the investigated steels were determined based on experiment results from literatures. Finally, with the calibrated model, fracture toughness reduction of the steels was predicted in a wide range of hydrogen pressure. The prediction results were compared with experimental results. Reasonable accuracy was reached. The proposed method is an attempt to reach balance between physical accurate prediction and engineering practicality. It is promising to provide a simplified numerical tool for the design and fit for service evaluation of hydrogen storage vessels.  相似文献   
2.
Hydrogen transportation by pipelines gradually becomes a critical engineering route in the worldwide adaptation of hydrogen as a form of clean energy. However, due to the hydrogen embrittlement effect, the compatibility of linepipe steels and associated welds with hydrogen is a major concern when designing hydrogen-carrying pipelines. When hydrogen enters the steels, their ductility, fracture resistance, and fatigue properties can be adversely altered. This paper reviews the status of several demonstration projects for natural gas-hydrogen blending and pure hydrogen transportation, the pipeline materials used and their operating parameters. This paper also compares the current standards of materials specifications for hydrogen pipeline systems from different parts of the world. The hydrogen compatibility and tolerance of varying grades of linepipe steels and the relevant testing methods for assessing the compatibility are then discussed, and the conservatism or the inadequacies of the test conditions of the current standards are pointed out for future improvement.  相似文献   
3.
为研究超高韧性水泥基复合材料(UHTCC)在超低温环境下的断裂性能,设计了5组不同纤维掺量的UHTCC预制裂缝切口梁,在经过超低温作用后进行三点弯曲加载试验,通过分析计算UHTCC的荷载-挠度曲线,评价了超低温环境下UHTCC的断裂性能.结果表明:当纤维掺量为1.5%时,UHTCC性能的提升效果最优,当纤维掺量超过1.5%时,UHTCC的性能略有降低;超低温作用后UHTCC的强度显著提升,当处理温度由常温降至-160 ℃时,材料表现出明显的脆性,其延性指数、特征长度及失稳断裂韧度均明显降低.  相似文献   
4.
The effect of ammonia (NH3) contained in hydrogen (H2) gas on hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) of SCM440 low-alloy steel was studied in association with the NH3 concentration, loading rate, and gas pressure. NH3 worked as both mitigator of the HEE and inducer of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) depending on the testing conditions. The mitigation of the HEE was achieved by the deactivation of the iron (Fe) surface for H2 dissociation caused by the preferential adsorption of NH3 on the Fe surface, which is enhanced by the increase in the NH3 concentration and decrease in the H2 gas pressure. NH3 induced HE was caused due to creating hydrogen by the NH3 decomposition. Since the NH3 decomposition rate is low, the induction effect was observed when the loading rate was low. The effect of NH3 was determined by the competition of the mitigation and induction effects.  相似文献   
5.
为研究管道机器人清淤装置在旋转条件下的工作稳定性,对其自适应系统进行冲击与振动的研究。将简化的清淤装置导入到ADAMS中,分别在最低转速20r/min和最高转速100r/min时,选取不同刚度系数的弹簧,在有弹簧预压缩量和弹簧预压力的条件下进行振动动力学仿真,提取不同条件下滑块与螺塞的冲击曲线、滑块对弹簧的冲击曲线,验证了刚性冲击系数远大于柔性冲击系数;对自适应系统添加柔性元件,得到自适应系统的冲击和振动曲线,并对结果进行对比分析。结果表明:低转速时选择较大弹簧刚度,高转速时选择较低弹簧刚度;比较系统冲击力和冲击系数,应在高速和弹簧预压力为(35~100)N条件下工作更稳定;系统需添加柔性缓冲元件,可极大减小冲击力和系统振动。  相似文献   
6.
电位法作为准静态断裂韧度测量标准GB/T 21143—2014中推荐的方法之一,在某些情况下可对常用的柔度法不便测量的试样进行辅助测量。为了验证电位法在断裂韧度测量中的实际效果,按照标准中规定的直流电位法对试样进行了断裂韧度的测试,并将测试结果与柔度法进行对比。结果发现:GB/T 21143—2014中的方法1,即间接测量法可以更准确简便地测量裂纹的长度,结果与柔度法相当;而方法2,即直接测量法,在实际试验中不容易控制裂纹测量的准确性,准确性与便捷性均不如方法1。  相似文献   
7.
断裂韧性是用于表征反应堆压力容器(RPV)钢脆性状态的重要指标。在开展相关研究时,由于辐照空间小等原因,一般采用小尺寸紧凑拉伸(CT)试样。为掌握CT试样尺寸变化对国产RPV钢断裂韧性测试结果的影响,对国产A508-3钢的不同尺寸CT试样进行了测试分析,采用Beremin模型方法研究了尺寸效应对断裂韧性数据的影响,并建立了不同尺寸CT试样的断裂韧性数据归一化模型(TSM)。结果表明,同一温度下实验测得的断裂韧性值随试样尺寸的减小逐渐增大,不同样品通过标准方法得到的归一化数据存在偏差,本文建立的TSM可有效减小换算数据偏差。  相似文献   
8.
为探究聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的温度引发相变特性对铝?聚四氟乙烯(Al?PTFE)反应材料断裂韧性的影响,通过开展准静态拉伸实验和断裂韧性实验,使用ASTM E1820单试样法中的归一化数据简化技术,对Al?PTFE的弹塑性断裂韧性进行J积分分析,结合试样断面微观形貌分析,明确了温度对Al?PTFE断裂韧性的影响。结果表明:随着温度的升高,Al?PTFE反应材料强度降低,断裂韧性增大,屈服强度和断裂韧性在跨越相变温度后呈现明显的突跃变化,裂纹扩展模式由脆性断裂转变为延性断裂。当PTFE处于结晶相Ⅱ状态时,能够拉伸形成的PTFE纤丝较少,而当温度升高,PTFE晶相向Ⅳ和Ⅰ状态转变时,稳定成形的PTFE纤丝能够通过局部塑性变形有效耗散外部能量,并依托缠绕桥接使裂纹尖端发生钝化,阻止裂纹扩展,从而提高材料断裂韧性。  相似文献   
9.
寒区危岩体常因温度起伏受到冻融循环作用使其力学性能劣化,而危岩体失稳破坏的实质是主控结构面的起裂和扩展问题,建立考虑断裂韧度劣化的危岩体稳定性分析方法能为寒区危岩体工程长期稳定性评价提供理论依据。首先,根据断裂力学及冰冻结分离压力理论,考虑结构面冻胀力和冻融循环作用对岩石I型断裂韧度的劣化,构建冻融循环作用下危岩体稳定性评价模型;其次,基于圆孔扩张理论分析冰的冻胀力作用对岩石内部微孔洞的细观劣化机制,建立冻融循环作用下抗拉强度的细观劣化模型;再次,通过理论分析I型断裂韧度与抗拉强度、断裂过程区扩展半径的关系,得到I型断裂韧度在冻融循环作用下的演化方程;最后,通过危岩体工程算例分析冻融循环作用下危岩体体稳定性的劣化规律,同时利用算例讨论了敏感参数对危岩体稳定性系数和冻胀力的影响规律。研究结果表明:危岩体在冻融环境下的稳定性与岩石的抗拉强度、弹性模量、孔隙率、岩屑流失比等因素相关;在冻融循环作用下半径较小的孔洞产生的冻胀力更大,对危岩体稳定的劣化作用更显著;岩石的弹性模量与冻胀力呈正相关关系,岩石抗拉强度越小更易发生冻胀破坏;当岩屑流失比大于0.8时,冻融循环作用对危岩体的长期劣化作用较强,因此控制冻胀破坏产生的岩屑流失对寒区危岩体长期稳定至关重要。  相似文献   
10.
Here, zinc-neutralized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) ionomers with different neutralization levels are prepared through melt blending, and are then incorporated with polyamide 1012 (PA1012) to fabricate PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends. Interestingly, complex crosslinking networks are formed in the blends due to the construction of sacrificial bonds (Zn2+-carboxyl, Zn2+-amide). The as-formed network structure and sacrificial bond endow the PA/EPDM blends with largely enhanced toughness (16 times higher than that of neat PA), as well as balanced strength and stiffness. Meanwhile, the rheological behaviors of PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends indicate their relative low melting viscosity, which can avoid the processing shortcomings of plastics toughened with rubber. Moreover, PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends show obvious gelation behavior, and a maximum notched Izod impact strength exhibited at the gel point, in which unique double network structure can be observed obviously, indicating that there is a corresponding correlation between the rheological and mechanical parameters. Furthermore, the supper-toughening mechanism of PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends at gel point is explored, which origins from the large deformation and cavitation of rubber particles and the destruction of special double network morphologies. This study provides a novel and effective strategy to fabricate PA materials with outstanding toughness and excellent strength simultaneously.  相似文献   
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