氧化脱硫醇尾气净化技术的工业应用

青岛石化氧化脱硫醇尾气由直接进硫磺焚烧炉燃烧处理,改造为先采用"柴油低温临界吸收-碱液脱硫"技术处理后再进焚烧炉燃烧。"柴油低温临界吸收-碱液脱硫"技术对尾气中油气的回收率高达98%,对硫化氢和有机硫化物的去除率达99%以上。净化气进一步在焚烧炉中深度净化,排放烟气中烃的排放浓度可小于50 mg/m3。同时,尾气处理工艺经过改造后,硫磺焚烧炉排放烟气中SO2排放量和排放浓度也大大降低,为进一步降低硫磺焚烧炉排放烟气中SO2排放浓度奠定了基础。     

Production of glass–ceramics from incinerator ash using lab-scale and pilot-scale thermal plasma systems

This research employed two thermal plasma melting systems and vitrification technology to treat incinerator ash. The melted slag was used for the production of glass–ceramics via powder sintering and heat treatment. When using the pilot-scale plasma molten system, the melt was rapidly quenched in water to yield glassy slag. The properties of quenched slag glass–ceramics were superior to that glass–ceramics produced by slowly cooling the slag with air. The glass–ceramics with the best physical/mechanical properties and chemical resistance was produced by heat treatment at 1150 °C for 2 h. Diopside and gehlenite were formed as the major crystalline phases. Glass–ceramics produced from incinerator ash demonstrate great potential for reutilization as non-porous or water permeable materials.     

Experimental study of the energy efficiency of an incinerator for medical waste

The aim of this paper is to explore the flux of usable energy and the coefficient of energy efficiency of an incinerator for medical waste combustion. The incineration facility incorporates a heat recovery system. The installation consists of a loading unit, a combustion chamber, a thermoreactor chamber, and a recovery boiler. The analysis was carried out in the Oncological Hospital in Bydgoszcz (Poland). The primary fuel was comprised of medical waste, with natural gas used as a secondary fuel. The study shows that one can obtain about 660–800 kW of usable energy from 100 kg of medical waste. This amount corresponds to 1000–1200 kg of saturated steam, assuming that the incinerator operates at a heat load above φ > 65%. The average heat flux in additional fuel used for incinerating 100 kg of waste was 415 kW. The coefficient of energy efficiency was set within the range of 47% and 62% depending on the incinerator load. The tests revealed that the flux of usable energy and the coefficient of energy efficiency depend on the incinerator load. In the investigated range of the heat load, this dependence is significant. When the heat load of the incinerator increases, the flux of usable energy and the coefficient of energy efficiency also increase.     

INCINERATOR FOR FIAMMABLE RADIOACTIVE WASTES

An incinerator was built up in 1987 in Shanghai. In this paper, the devices of the incinerator, main parameters of the process, the results of combustion tests for nonradioactive waste and simulated radwaste are given. The instructive information for radwaste treatment were provided.     

Hazardous waste management problem: The case for incineration

We define the hazardous waste management problem as the combined decisions of selecting the disposal method, siting the disposal plants and deciding on the waste flow structure. The hazardous waste management problem has additional requirements depending on the selected disposal method. In this paper we focus on incineration, for which the main additional requirement is to satisfy the air pollution standards imposed by the governmental restrictions. We propose a cost-based mathematical model in which the satisfaction of air pollution standards is also incorporated. We used the Gaussian Plume equation in measuring the air pollution concentrations at population centers. A large-scale implementation of the proposed model within Turkey is provided.     

Hydration reactions of cement combinations containing vitrified incinerator fly ash

One treatment option for municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (IFA) is vitrification. The process yields a material containing reduced levels of trace metals relative to the original ash. The material is glassy and potentially suitable as a cement component in concrete. This paper examines the vitrification of an IFA and studies the hydration reactions of combinations of this vitrified material and Portland cement (PC). Isothermal conduction calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and scanning electron microscopy were employed to study the hydration reactions. As the levels of vitrified ash increase, the quantities of AFt phase produced decrease, whilst quantities of AFm phase increase, due to the reduced levels of sulfate in the vitrified ash. The levels of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel (inferred from estimates of quantities of gel-bound water) remain constant at 28 days regardless of vitrified ash content, indicating that the material is contributing toward the formation of this product.     

"可燃核废物焚烧装置"的建立及试车

本文介绍了我国某核工厂“可燃核废物焚烧装置”的建立及试车情况,主要包括焚烧装置的工艺流程简介和系统冷热态试车及试运行结果。根据该厂可燃核废物性状,确定以固体废物热解焚烧为主,兼顾进行废油喷雾焚烧和废石墨固定床式焚烧及干湿法烟气净化相结合的工艺路线。非放模拟物料和实际放射性废物焚烧的冷热态试车及试运行结果表明：工艺方案可行、装置运行平稳、安全可靠,各项技术指标均达到合同书及国家有关焚烧及污染物排放控制标准的要求。     

焚烧灰造粒水泥玻璃固化体抗浸出性能研究

对焚烧灰造粒水泥玻璃固化体的抗浸出性能进行了研究,研究内容包括焚烧灰造粒水泥玻璃固化体的抗浸出性能和水泥玻璃净浆固化体的抗浸出性能。结果表明,在焚烧灰造粒水泥玻璃固化的基础配方(硬化剂,30%;水玻璃,66%;水泥,3%;外加剂,1%)上制备的焚烧灰造粒水泥玻璃固化体和净浆固化体的抗浸出性能好于水泥固化体的国家标准规定的要求,对于核素85Sr和134Cs,第42天的浸出率均≤1.5×10-4cm/d,累积浸出分数均小于6.23×10-2cm。     

新型丙烯腈废液、废气焚烧炉及应用

针对化工厂常用的立式和卧式及Π形3种丙烯腈废液、废气焚烧炉存在的问题进行了分析,并结合多年的生产实践,提出了新型的带余热回收装置的L形废液、废气焚烧炉,并在210kt/a丙烯腈装置投入使用而且获得成功。     

Hazardous waste destruction and nitric oxide reduction with externally forced oscillation

The research described here focuses on the enhancement of hazardous waste destruction and the reduction in nitric oxide and unburned emissions in a cavity incinerator, which has externally forced acoustic oscillation. The specific configuration of the incinerator was manufactured to consist of two opposing jets and a rearward facing step [Chun, 1999]. The cavity-type incinerator warrants a sufficient residence time and effective turbulent mixing by the formation of a strong recirculation region in a combustion cavity. The experiments were carried out about combustion characteristics in a 3.2 kW laboratory scale, transportable, cavity incinerator without external oscillation. These showed that hazardous waste was destructed effectively, but unfortunately NO was increased by high gas temperature. To solve this problem, we developed an externally oscillated auxiliary burner embedded on the incinerator furnace. The external oscillation was effective to reduce NO which is produced at high temperature incineration and to destruct hazardous waste, simultaneously. Emissions of NO are seen to be decreased by nearly 60%, and DRE (destruction and removal efficiency) is above 99.99%, all with external forcing at a specific optimum conditions.