精制铼酸铵除铊的试验探索

用粉末活性炭与KI吸附除铊效果不好。在溶液pH为10时,分析纯TiO₂吸附铊的效果较佳。当除铊后液中Ti含量为0.1~1 mg/L时,树脂吸附后液Ti<0.01 mg/L。较佳的工艺条件:精制铼酸铵与纯水的固液比1∶8,温度60℃溶解,加入分析纯双氧水(与精制铼酸铵液固比1∶1.8),保温反应1.5 h后,加入分析纯二氧化钛(与精制铼酸铵配比1∶20),再加入氨水调节pH=10进行吸附铊,吸附时间4 h后过滤;在滤液中加入树脂吸附(与精制铼酸铵配比1∶3.6),吸附时间4 h后过滤;在滤液中加入氨水调节pH=9.0后加热浓缩,冷却结晶制备铼酸铵。     

I_2/KI溶液同时脱硫脱硝的试验研究

采用I2/KI溶液作为吸收液,以Fe3＋作为催化剂在自制的鼓泡反应器内,对模拟烟气进行同时脱硫脱硝的试验研究,主要考察I2物质的量浓度,Fe3＋物质的量浓度,吸收液初始pH值,反应温度,模拟烟气中NO、SO2及O2的体积分数、烟气气体流量等因素对SO2和NO脱除效率的影响.结果表明：烟气中SO2极易被脱除,在各试验条件下SO2脱除率均大于98%;NO的脱除率随吸收剂初始浓度、Fe3＋浓度、烟气中的O2、NO及SO2体积分数的增大而增大,随烟气流量的增加而降低;吸收液pH值对脱硫脱硝率的影响不是很大,因此吸收液的pH值可取在弱酸到弱碱的范围内,降低对设备材质防腐蚀性能的要求.     

碘化钾对铝合金表面化学镀镍的影响

研究了碘化钾(KI)对LC4铝合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金层沉积速度的影响,采用金相显微镜、显微硬度计和交流阻抗等方法考察了碘化钾对Ni-P镀层形貌、显微硬度以及耐蚀性的影响.结果表明:KI使Ni-P合金镀层的沉积速度有所降低,使镀层表面缺陷数量减少,镀层致密性提高.随着镀液中KI含量的增加.镀层显微硬度逐渐降低,但都高于镀液中无KI时所得镀层的硬度.此外,KI也改善了镀层在w(NaCl)=3.5%溶液中的耐蚀性.镀液中KI的适宜含量为10～20 mg/L.     

乙醇胺和KI对低硅高硫铁的缓蚀作用

缓蚀剂对古代铁器保护具有重要的作用.按不同比例配制了5种乙醇胺与KI的复合缓蚀剂,采用失重法、SEM显微形貌观察、电化学极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱研究了3.5%NaCl溶液中乙醇胺和KI对低硅高硫铁的缓蚀作用.结果表明:加入乙醇胺和KI复配缓蚀剂,能显著降低低硅高硫白口铁的腐蚀速率;复配缓蚀剂通过增大金属腐蚀的电化学反应电阻,抑制阴极的氧还原反应速度,起到了缓蚀作用.     

Influence of various cations on redox behavior of I and I3 and comparison between KI complex with 18-crown-6 and 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide in dye-sensitized solar cells

In this paper, we studied the influence of different cations on redox behavior of I⁻ and I₃⁻ by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that increasing cation size tends to give rise to higher reductive activity of I⁻ and lower diffusion coefficient of I₃⁻ in these cations, alkylimidazolium, [Na ⊂ 15-C-5]⁺ and [K ⊂ 18-C-6]⁺. Moreover, we measured the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with electrolyte containing [K ⊂ 18-C-6]I or 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (DMPII). It was found that dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with [K ⊂ 18-C-6]I give a little higher short-circuit photocurrent density and a little lower fill factor than DSCs with DMPII.     

SEMI-ELLIPTICAL FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH UNDER ROTATING OR REVERSED BENDING COMBINED WITH STEADY TORSION

Abstract— An analysis of the influence of steady torsion loading on fatigue crack growth rates under rotating or reversed bending is presented. Mixed-mode (I + III) tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens in DIN Ck45k steel and results are compared for two different testing machines: rotary bending and reversed bending obtained by cyclic Mode I (Δ K ₁) with or without superimposed static Mode III ( K _III) loading, simulating the real conditions on power rotor shafts where many failures occur. The growth and shape evolution of semi-elliptical surface cracks, starting from a chordal notch on the cylindrical specimen surface, was measured for several Mode III/ Mode I ratios. Results have shown that the steady Mode III loading superimposed on the cyclic mode I leads to a significant reduction in the crack growth rates. It is suggested that this retardation is related to an increase of plastic zone size near the cylindrical surface in association with the interlocking of rough fracture surfaces, friction and fretting debris, leading to a decrease of the ΔK effective at the crack tip profile due to the "crack closure effect". This work provides a contribution to a better understanding of crack growth rates under mixed-mode load conditions thereby allowing one to predict remaining lifetimes and to estimate the risks of pre-cracked rotor shafts.     

Study on LiI and KI with low melting temperature for electrolyte replenishment in molten carbonate fuel cells

Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are regarded as the closest fuel cell to commercialization due to their high capacity and energy efficiency. However, they are operated at a high temperature (620 °C or higher), where liquid electrolyte loss occurs during operation; hence, their lifetime is limited. For the long-term operation of MCFCs, it is essential to develop a novel method to replenish the electrolyte during operation. However, it is very difficult to directly inject the electrolyte, (Li_0.62K_0.38)₂CO₃, into each unit cell of the stack unless it is supplemented through liquid or gas phase at low temperature. It was verified whether LiI and KI, which have low melting points and high vapor pressures, could replenish the lost electrolyte in MCFCs. In this study, the LiI and KI injected into the unit cell in liquid phase showed a similar tendency to the Li/K carbonate electrolyte. This is because LiI and KI react with the CO₂/O₂ gases supplied to the cathode during MCFC operation to form Li/K carbonate electrolytes.     

Effects of pH and Inorganic Salts on the Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Systems on Activated Decolorizing Charcoal

Abstract

An experimental investigation of the effects of pH and three inorganic salts (KCl, KI, and NaCl) on the adsorption isotherms of phenol (from a dilute aqueous solution) on activated charcoal was conducted. Each salt was studied at three different concentrations, i.e., 0.1, 0.001, and 0.005 M. The effect of pH (in the pH range 3 to 11) in the presence of KI, KCl, and NaCl was also investigated. The concentration of phenol in the aqueous systems studied ranged from 10 to 200 ppm. The temperature effect was also studied, and the resulting experimental equilibrium isotherms at 30, 40, and 55°C are well represented by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Redlich—Paterson isotherms. The relevant parameters for these isotherms are presented.     

KI掩蔽-EDTA差减滴定法测定工业废水中镉

水样经HNO3和H2SO4消解并用硫脲掩蔽Hg2+后,在pH值为5～6时,以二甲酚橙(XO)为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定废水中能与EDTA络合的全部金属离子的总量;然后在另一份相同试液中,先加入KI掩蔽Cd2+,再用EDTA标准溶液滴定除镉外的其它金属离子,利用二者之差计算镉的含量,实现了采用KI掩蔽-EDTA差减滴定法测定工业废水中微量镉的方法.讨论了溶液的酸度、掩蔽剂的选择等实验条件及对测定的影响,并利用t检验法进行了显著性检验.测定结果与标准方法相符合,相对标准偏差<1.0%,加标回收率在98.9%～100.3%之间.     

Synergistic inhibition between dodecylamine and potassium iodide on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.1 M phosphoric acid

The corrosion inhibition of cold rolled steel in 0.1 M aerated phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) in the presence of dodecylamine (DDA) and potassium iodide (KI) has been investigated by Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedence spectroscopy (EIS) at 20 °C. The results obtained from polarization curve show that the inhibition efficiency of DDA with and without KI increases with increase in concentration of DDA but the inhibition efficiency of DDA without KI is not too high. A synergistic effect exists when DDA and KI are combined together to prevent cold rolled steel corrosion in 0.1 M H₃PO₄. All impedance spectra in EIS tests exhibit one capacitive loop which indicates that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. Inhibition efficiencies obtained from Tafel polarization, transfer resistance (R_t) are consistent.