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1.
由于色谱分离需要耗费大量的时间,导致传统LC-MS研究中药成分的分析通量较低,而多级质谱全扫描(MS/MSALL)采用了气态分段技术(GPF),可以在直接注射(DI)模式下,采集每个表观质量数MS1信号的MS2图谱,实现MS1-MS2数据列表的高通量构建。为快速表征枸杞子化学成分组,本研究采用DI-MS/MSALL全面采集枸杞子提取物中各化学成分的多级质谱数据,根据高分辨MS1和MS2碎片离子信息推导质谱裂解途径,结合数据库检索以及相关文献,从枸杞子中初步鉴定了38个化学成分,包括1个氨基酸类、19个有机酸类、2个糖脂类、6个苯丙素类、1个黄酮类、6个生物碱类以及3个酰胺类化合物。DI-MS/MSALL可作为中药等复杂体系快速全面定性分析的有力工具。  相似文献   
2.
With the proliferation of additive manufacturing and 3D printing technologies, a broader palette of material properties can be elicited from cellular solids, also known as metamaterials, architected foams, programmable materials, or lattice structures. Metamaterials are designed and optimized under the assumption of perfect geometry and a homogeneous underlying base material. Yet in practice real lattices contain thousands or even millions of complex features, each with imperfections in shape and material constituency. While the role of these defects on the mean properties of metamaterials has been well studied, little attention has been paid to the stochastic properties of metamaterials, a crucial next step for high reliability aerospace or biomedical applications. In this work we show that it is precisely the large quantity of features that serves to homogenize the heterogeneities of the individual features, thereby reducing the variability of the collective structure and achieving effective properties that can be even more consistent than the monolithic base material. In this first statistical study of additive lattice variability, a total of 239 strut-based lattices were mechanically tested for two pedagogical lattice topologies (body centered cubic and face centered cubic) at three different relative densities. The variability in yield strength and modulus was observed to exponentially decrease with feature count (to the power −0.5), a scaling trend that we show can be predicted using an analytic model or a finite element beam model. The latter provides an efficient pathway to extend the current concepts to arbitrary/complex geometries and loading scenarios. These results not only illustrate the homogenizing benefit of lattices, but also provide governing design principles that can be used to mitigate manufacturing inconsistencies via topological design.  相似文献   
3.
This study deals with the manufacturing of catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) for newcomers in the field of coating. Although there are many studies on electrode ink composition for improving the performance of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), there are few papers dealing with electrode coating itself. Usually, it is a know-how that often remains secret and constitutes the added value of scientific teams or the business of industrialists. In this paper, we identify and clarify the role of key parameters to improve coating quality and also to correlate coating quality with fuel cell performance via polarization curves and electrochemical active surface area measurements. We found that the coating configurations can affect the performance of lab-made CCMs in PEMFCs. After the repeatability of the performance obtained by our coating method has been proved, we show that: (i) edge effects, due to mask shadowing - cannot be neglected when the active surface area is low, (ii) a heterogeneous thickness electrode produces performance lower than a homogeneous thickness electrode, and (iii) the origin and storage of platinum on carbon powders are a very important source of variability in the obtained results.  相似文献   
4.
为解决五唑金属盐合成中分离纯化困难等问题,以芳基五唑C—N切断反应后处理所得五唑钠水溶液为研究对象,采用沉淀法对五唑金属盐进行了分离纯化研究。结果表明,五唑钠水溶液中含有大量有机酸盐,以及硝酸钠、氯化钠等无机盐杂质。与N5负离子相比,有机酸根更易与金属离子形成沉淀,从而影响五唑金属盐析出。将五唑钠水溶液调节为酸性,萃取除去有机酸盐后加入氯化钴,成功沉淀得到五唑钴金属盐。研究发现,pH值越低,有机酸盐的去除效率越高,五唑钴纯度越好。确定了五唑钴的适宜分离纯化条件:pH值为3,氯化钴与原料4-氨基-2,6-二甲基苯酚(1)的摩尔比为0.26∶1。离子色谱表明,所得五唑钴经简单重结晶后纯度高达97.9%。在此基础之上,研究了沉淀法对其它五唑金属盐的适用性。结果表明,沉淀法亦适用于五唑铁、五唑亚铁和五唑铜等金属盐的分离纯化。  相似文献   
5.
In the present investigation, systematic grinding experiments were conducted in a laboratory ball mill to determine the breakage properties of low-grade PGE bearing chromite ore. The population balance modeling technique was used to study the breakage parameters such as primary breakage distribution (Bi, j) and the specific rates of breakage (Si). The breakage and selection function values were determined for six feed sizes. The results stated that the breakage follows the first-order grinding kinetics for all the feed sizes. It was observed that the coarser feed sizes exhibit higher selection function values than the finer feed size. Further, an artificial neural network was used to predict breakage characteristics of low-grade PGE bearing chromite ore. The predicted results obtained from the neural network modeling were close to the experimental results with a correlation of determination R2 = 0.99 for both product size and selection function.  相似文献   
6.
金属-有机框架纳米片(Metal-organic framework nanosheets, MONs)是近年来受到广泛关注的一类二维多孔材料,具有超薄厚度、比表面积大、结构可调节及大量可接触的不饱和配位点等优点,被应用于分离、导电、传感、催化等诸多领域中.综述了近年来国内外在MONs的制备、表征及其异相催化相关研究进展.MONs的制备包括"自上而下"和"自下而上"两种策略,自上而下策略操作简单,主要是通过物理化学手段将块状MOFs剥离成MONs;自下而上策略适用范围广,可通过控制实验条件合成MONs.另外,从结构组成、微观形貌、宏观性质等方面对MONs的表征方法和技术进行了讨论.介绍了MONs异相催化主要在有机转化中的应用,包括催化氧化反应、Knoevenagel反应、CO2环加成反应及氢化反应等.最后指出了MONs研究所面临的机遇和挑战.  相似文献   
7.
Phase change materials (PCMs) play a leading role in overcoming the growing need of advanced thermal management for the storage and release of thermal energy which is to be used for different solar applications. However, the effectiveness of PCMs is greatly affected by their poor thermal conductivity. Therefore, in the present review the progress made in deploying the graphene (Gr) in PCMs in the last decade for providing the solution to the aforementioned inadequacy is presented and discussed in detail. Gr and its derivatives ((Gr oxide (GO), Gr aerogel (GA) and Gr nanoplatelets (GNPs)) based PCMs can improve the thermal conductivity and shape stability, which may be attributed to the extra ordinary thermo-physical properties of Gr. Moreover, it is expected from this review that the advantages and disadvantages of using Gr nanoparticles provide a deep insight and help the researchers in finding out the exact basic properties and finally the applications of Gr can be enhanced.In this work, Gr and its derivatives based PCMs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by which crystal structure was known, phase was identified along with the knowledge of surface structure respectively. The increase in the mass fraction (%) of the filler (Gr and its derivatives) led to even better thermo-physical properties and thermal stability. The thermal characterization was also done by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal conductivity tests. The enthalpy of freezing and melting showed that Gr and its derivatives based PCMs had a very high energy storage capability as reflected in its various applications.  相似文献   
8.
:目的 优化纸基微流控芯片刻蚀法制备条件,并研究改性滤纸的微观结构和性能。方法 制作压切式模具,结合模切机压切出亲水基底模型,考察硅烷化修饰时间、不同型号滤纸、三甲氧基硅烷溶液浓度、不同类型表面活性剂及其浓度和刻蚀时间对纸基微流控芯片的影响,通过滤纸接触角变化、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)和X射线能谱仪(energy dispersive X-ray,EDS)分析纸基微流控芯片改性前后的表面微观结构和元素变化,再将纸基微流控芯片用于沙门氏菌检测比色分析。结果 选用Whatman No.1滤纸作为最佳疏水基底,三甲氧基硅烷溶液最适浓度为8%,浸泡时间为3 min,十二烷基硫酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)溶液为亲水通路最佳的表面活性剂,最适浓度为1%,最佳刻蚀时间为4 min;SEM显示了滤纸改性后其表面生成一种膜状结构;EDS元素分析结果表明疏水剂处理滤纸Si含量达到0.87%,亲水化处理后Si含量降为0.25%,刻蚀效果显著,比色法检测沙门氏菌获得了良好的线性关系。结论 得到了刻蚀法制备的纸基微流控芯片的最优条件,并成功应用于比色法检测沙门氏菌,研究将为其微量化、低成本、便捷化的应用提供技术和理论依据。  相似文献   
9.
微纳米塑料是广泛存在的污染物。微小的粒径使其极易通过食物链富集于人体, 对人类健康造成潜在威胁。针对食品中微纳米塑料的高效、高灵敏度分离及表征方法是目前食品安全、分析化学等领域的研究热点。本文分析总结了从食品基质中分离提取微纳米塑料方法(密度浮选、膜分离、化学消解), 并对不同质谱技术(热分析耦合质谱法、单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱、飞行时间二次离子质谱、基质辅助激光解吸离子化质谱、电喷雾质谱)表征微纳米塑料的优势及局限性展开了系统的综述, 旨在为食品基质中微纳米塑料高效表征的深入研究和食品质量与安全控制提供技术参考。  相似文献   
10.
铝/铜异种金属激光焊接工艺已成为化工、制冷、航空、航天、汽车等领域电子电器元件制造的关键连接技术,但高反射率使得这两种金属对于激光的吸收率非常低,焊后依然会出现脆性金属间化合物,使力学性能急剧降低。材料表征是材料科学与工程研究及应用的重要手段和方法,目的就是要了解、获知材料的成分、组织结构、性能以及它们之间的关系。机器视觉技术(VMT)可有效解决动力电池模组激光焊接合格率低的问题,光学发射光谱法(OES)能识别熔池最丰富元素化学元素,激光诱导荧光(LIF)可充分发挥激光焊接的效益优势,快速、灵敏地检测出高功率激光加工金属过程中合金元素之间的蒸气压差造成的非均衡合金元素损失,从而检测出机械性能和微观组织的变化。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)能清晰观察到铝/铜异种金属激光焊缝微米级/纳米级微观结构特征,显著弥补光学金相显微镜在放大倍数上的局限性,为失效机理的推断提供科学的试验证据;高精度表征手段TEM尚未见用于铝/铜激光焊接组织的表征,期待未来可作为有机补充,进一步研究铝/铜激光焊接的物理冶金过程的本质特征。X射线能谱分析(EDS)采用定点分析、线扫、面扫等方式表征铝/铜异种金属激光焊缝微观结构...  相似文献   
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