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1.
The article is devoted to the study of the influence of geometric parameters of sound-conducting walls on the quality of measurement of liquid metal flow velocities by ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry. It was shown that the thickness and radius of a sound-conducting wall (waveguide) have a notable effect on the resulting velocity profiles. The flow in a round pipe, the length of which is much larger than its diameter, is considered as a reference flow. The positive effect of a stepwise waveguides with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the piezoelectric element of an ultrasonic transducer on the quality of velocity measurements was verified experimentally. It was found that the accuracy of the resulting velocity profiles largely depends on the length and the material of the waveguides, as well as the velocity of the incoming flow of liquid metal. 相似文献
2.
Rui-Yang Xu Chun-Hui Dong Xiao-Qing Mao Qing-Xian Zhang Hui Gong Kai-yong Liao Zhi-Gang Lu Liang-quan Ge Zhi-Yu Gao Ting-Fang Luo Qi-Chang Huang 《核技术(英文版)》2021,32(11):80-88
Currently,the liquid scintillation method is widely used to measure the activity of tritiated water in the primary circuit of nuclear power plants,which leads to the continuous production of radioactive waste during mea-surement.In addition,the real-time activity information of tritiated water cannot be obtained.To solve this problem,herein we present an online tritiated water measurement method based on plastic scintillators that used the optical transport process in the Geant 4 software toolkit to build a model of plastic scintillation detection for tritiated water.Through simulation,the basic geometric dimensions of the detector were determined.In this dimension,using one detector to measure for 3 h,when the tritiated water activity was 100 Bq/L,its resolution was 16%(16 Bq/L).In addition,calculations were performed for the presence of other background signals to obtain the minimum detectable concentration. 相似文献
3.
Degradation data have been widely used for the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of systems. Most existing works apply a preset model to capture the degradation process and focus on the degradation process without shocks or constant shock effects. More generally, the actual degradation path is unobservable due to the existence of measurement uncertainty, which interferes with the determination of the degradation model. Besides, the effect of random shocks is usually fluctuating. Given these problems, a general degradation model with the random shock fluctuant effects considering the measurement uncertainty is first developed to describe the degradation process, and a two-step approach combining the arithmetic average filter and the Bayesian information criterion is adopted to identify the degradation path. Subsequently, the transfer processes of the actual degradation state and the abrupt change caused by shocks are depicted using a two-dimensional state-space model, and an expectation-maximization algorithm combined with the particle filtering is developed for parameter estimation. Furthermore, the explicit solution of RUL distribution is obtained when only considering harmful shocks, while a simulation method of RUL distribution is provided when both harmful and beneficial shocks exist. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical example and two practical case studies. 相似文献
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Emotion word questionnaires remain dominant in food-related emotion research despite acknowledged limitations. Emoji questionnaires can overcome some of these limitations but are not yet regarded as a strong alternative to emotion word questionnaires. We believe they have the potential to earn this right and use this invited opinion piece to explain why. Following a brief introduction about emoji, advantages of emoji questionnaires are summarised: – enhanced ecological validity, familiarity and cross-culturally shared meanings. We then address concerns that hinder uptake of emoji questionnaires, including emoji meanings/interpretations, appropriateness for older consumers and ability to represent emotional arousal (activation to deactivation). Finally, we offer suggestions for how to accelerate the uptake of emoji questionnaires in sensory and consumer science, which include: i) more applied studies using emoji questionnaires, ii) establishing emoji meanings in the context of eating of drinking, iii) adopting open-ended question formats, iv) comparing emoji and emotion word questionnaires, and v) establishing guidelines for emoji questionnaires. An important spill-over benefit of research to develop emoji questionnaires is that it exposes the lack of similar research for emotion word questionnaires. We encourage colleagues in the field to engage in the task of conducting needed methodological research on emoji and emotion words alike. 相似文献
6.
为了提高回转体零件的加工和检测精度,将光电检测技术与电子计算机技术相结合,设计并研制了一种基于嵌入式系统的激光扫描检测系统,给出了设计原理和软硬件设计方法,并利用该系统对轴径不同的六组标准工件进行测量.实验表明,该系统的平均测量误差为0.00283mm,满足设计指标要求的3μm,能够极大提高回转体零件的尺寸测量精度,具有较好的应用价值. 相似文献
7.
Determining and reducing the measurement uncertainty of LNG energy transfer in custody transfer operations is considered extremely important and challenging for industry. The European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) for Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) has been focused on reducing the uncertainty in the evaluation of LNG energy transfers by improving existing measurement methods, validating new measurement methods and development of new traceable calibration systems. Part of this project was to produce realistic measurement uncertainty budgets and to determine the sensitivity of the overall LNG energy transfer uncertainty to changes in the composition and temperature of different LNG cargoes.This paper provides details on the development of an uncertainty budget and the results from the sensitivity study. It was found that the uncertainty in the LNG energy transfer ranged from 0.56% to 0.77% when using the uncertainty budget for 461 LNG cargoes. The variation was mainly due to the difference in the LNG composition and its associated uncertainty. 相似文献
8.
测量矩阵是压缩感知(Compressed Sensing, CS)的重要组成部分,确定性的测量矩阵易于硬件实现,但是重构信号的精度一般不如随机矩阵.针对这一缺点,该文提出并构造了一种新的确定性测量矩阵,称作分块的有序范德蒙矩阵.范德蒙矩阵具有线性不相关的性质,在此基础上加上分块操作和对元素进行有序排列得到的分块的有序范德蒙矩阵,实现了时域中的非均匀采样,特别适合于维数较大的自然图像信号.仿真实验表明,对于图像信号该矩阵具有远高于高斯矩阵的重构精度,可以作为实际中的测量矩阵使用. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, we investigate how adaptive operator selection techniques are able to efficiently manage the balance between exploration and exploitation in an evolutionary algorithm, when solving combinatorial optimization problems. We introduce new high level reactive search strategies based on a generic algorithm's controller that is able to schedule the basic variation operators of the evolutionary algorithm, according to the observed state of the search. Our experiments on SAT instances show that reactive search strategies improve the performance of the solving algorithm. 相似文献
10.