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1.
Understanding on the hydrogen detection of plasma sprayed tin oxide/tungsten oxide (SnO2/WO3) sensor
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(33):15120-15131
The plasma spray technique was well proven in producing metal oxide based gas sensors in the last two decades using different powder feedstocks. However, limited research was made to fabricate hydrogen gas sensor from tin oxide layer coated over tungsten oxide layer. This paper attempts to interpret the hydrogen gas sensing performances of plasma sprayed coating derived by depositing tin oxide layer over tungsten oxide (SnO2/WO3) layer. Plasma sprayed SnO2/WO3 sensor showed maximum response of 90% at 150 °C in contrast to stand-alone WO3 (89% at 350 °C) and stand-alone SnO2 (89% at 250 °C). The lower operating temperature of SnO2/WO3 sensor without compromising gas response was attributed to the WO3–SnO2 hetero-junction. SnO2/WO3 sensor showed selective sensing towards hydrogen with respect to carbon monoxide and methane gases. This sensor also possessed repeatable characteristics after 39 days from the initial measurement. In a nut-shell, plasma spayed SnO2/WO3 sensor showed stability of base resistance, repeatability after successive response and recovery cycles, selective sensing towards 500 ppm H2 with significant magnitude of gas response of 90%, response time of 35 s and recovery time of 269 s at a temperature of 150 °C. 相似文献
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3.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(7):9124-9133
The main obstacles in lithium-ion battery are limited by rate performance and the rapid capacity fading of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811). Herein, a novel three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical coating material has been fabricated by in situ growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surfaces of Ni–Al double oxide (Ni–Al-LDO) sheets (named as LDO&CNT) with Ni–Al double hydroxide (Ni–Al-LDH) as both the substrate and catalyst precursor. The resultant LDO&CNT nanocomposites are uniformly coated on the surfaces of NCM811 by the physical mixing method. The rate capability of the resultant cathode material retains to 78.80% at a current rate of 3C. Its capacity retention increases by 6.7–14.42% compared with pristine NCM811 after 100 cycles within a potential range of 2.75–4.3 V at 0.5C. The improved rate capability and cycle performance of NCM811 are assigned to the synergistic effects between Ni–Al-LDO and CNTs. The hierarchical LDO&CNT nanocomposites coating on the surface of NCM811 avoids the aggregation of conductive CNTs and the stacking of Ni–Al-LDO nanosheets. Furthermore, it accelerates Li+ and electrons shuttle and reduces the reaction of Li2O with H2O and CO2 in air, which results in Li2CO3 and LiOH alkali formation on the NCM811 surface. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2022,42(14):6435-6444
A chromium carbide (Cr-C) coating in-situ formed on the C/C substrate is successfully prepared by a novel reactive wetting strategy. The interfacial microstructure and oxidation resistance of coated C/C composites are investigated in detail. The as-prepared coating mainly consists of Cr23C6 and Cr7C3, forming a tight joining with the C/C substrate. Compared to uncoated samples, the oxidation weight loss of coated C/C composites is substantially reduced at high temperatures. Furthermore, the hardness of coated C/C composites is significantly increased, enhancing their ability to resist external damage. This reactive wetting strategy can also be used to prepare uniform coatings on C/C composites with complex grooved structure or large size. Surprisingly, coated C/C composites possess a low weight gain of 3.7% due to thin coating (< 10 µm), which can maintain their advantage of low density. 相似文献
5.
采用等离子结合电弧喷涂的工艺方法在工业纯钛表面制备了Al/Ni Cu组合涂层,在700℃的大气环境下对Al/Ni Cu/Ti试件进行加热处理,使得Al、Ni Cu复合涂层之间发生扩散反应并原位生成具有一定抗高温氧化性能的Ni-Al金属间化合物涂层。对加热改性处理前后涂层的微观组织及Ni-Al金属间化合物的形成机理进行了研究,并对经加热和打磨处理后的Al/Ni Cu/Ti试件及无防护涂层的Ti块进行了800℃/100 h的高温氧化试验。研究结果显示,Ti基体表面Al/Ni Cu涂层经700℃炉中加热改性处理后,Al、Ni Cu涂层间可发生扩散反应并原位生成Ni Al3、Cu Al2、Ni2Al3及含有一定Cu元素的Ni Al金属间化合物,但只有高熔点的Ni Al金属间化合物能够始终稳定地存在,且此金属间化合物对Ti基体起到了较好的高温防护作用。 相似文献
6.
目的 研究Ni-Al扩散偶在热扩散过程中的微观组织演变规律,提出Ni3Al合金蜂窝形成的模型.方法 采用电镀技术在易加工的Al蜂窝表面电镀一定厚度的Ni,研究热扩散温度和时间对Ni-Al扩散偶组织结构的影响.采用X射线衍射仪对Ni-Al扩散偶进行物相分析;通过扫描电镜技术对Ni-Al扩散偶截面进行形貌及能谱分析,推测微观组织演变规律.结果 热扩散温度为500℃时,随着热扩散时间的延长,Ni-Al界面处首先出现NiAl3,然后消失,最终形成以Ni2Al3为扩散层主体、NiAl和Ni3Al为过渡层的多层实心结构;热扩散温度为700、1100℃时,Ni-Al扩散偶会分别形成以Ni2Al3、NiAl为内芯,纯Ni为外壳,并以NiAl、Ni3Al薄层过渡的多层中空结构;热扩散温度为1300℃时,随着扩散时间的延长,Al相夹心层从Al、NiAl3、Ni2Al3三相混合结构依次转化为成分均一的单相Ni2Al3和NiAl结构,扩散时间继续延长,Ni层随之耗尽,Ni-Al扩散偶最终形成以γ′-Ni3Al为强化相的Ni-Al合金.结论 Ni-Al固相扩散反应过程中,随热处理温度的提升,Al原子发生了明显的外扩散.Ni-Al液固扩散反应过程中,随热处理时间的延长,Ni原子发生了明显的内扩散.在1300℃热扩散1 h的条件下,能成功制备Ni3Al基合金蜂窝壁. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(16):324-333
Herein, we propose a new multidisciplinary approach for investigating the corrosion behavior of thermal barrier coatings, combining the thermal-gradient mechanical fatigue method with hot corrosion tests. Corrosive salts (Na2SO4; V2O5) of varying concentrations (10−20 mg/cm2) were deposited on the surface of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings to evaluate the microstructural changes occurring during the reaction, via thermal graded mechanical fatigue tests. The tests were conducted at a surface temperature of 1150 °C in 10 min cycles and underwent applied uniaxial tensile loads. The corrosion tests show that the ZrV2O7 plays an important role as an intermediate in the collapse of the lamellar structures during the reaction, which results from the repetitive precipitation of V2O5 and m-ZrO2 from the ZrV2O7. The microstructure of corroded YSZ coatings exhibited a different degradation mechanism under a thermomechanical environment, compared with the testing under isothermal atmospheric conditions. 相似文献
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(14):19818-19823
The aim of the present study was to examine the anti-coking and anti-carburizing behavior of amorphous AlPO4 coating. So, aluminum phosphate composition was synthesized by sol-gel process and applied on the AISI 304 stainless steel by dip coating technique. Anti-coking performance was examined in a tube furnace at 1000 °C for 30 min under Ethane (C2H6) atmosphere. Carburizing test was performed in a sealed charcoal medium at 1100 °C for a total of 30 h exposure time. Phase composition of the samples was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) after coking and carburizing tests. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to study the morphology and elemental analysis of the samples after coke and carbon formation experiments. Microhardness indenter was applied on the cross section of the carbon-exposed specimens to plot the hardness profile through the carburizing zone. The results of the coking experiment revealed catalytic coke formed on the uncoated surface, while irregular spherical coke with no trace of catalytic coke was formed on the coated surface, indicating the great anti-coking performance of the amorphous AlPO4 coating. The results of pack-carburizing test demonstrated that the thickness of the carbide layer formed on the bare surface was ~10 times greater than that of the coated sample. Hardness measurement for the amorphous AlPO4 coated sample detected lower values compared to those for the uncoated one at all distances from the surface, indicating less carbon diffusion occurred beneath the coated surface. In overall, the results declared that the amorphous AlPO4 coating could be a good candidate for surface protection of stainless steel against catalytic coke formation and carbon diffusion. 相似文献
9.
高压直流接地极对埋地管道的电流干扰及人身安全距离 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
高压直流输电系统的直流接地极在运行初期或发生故障和检修时,会产生瞬间大电流,给附近埋地油气管道设施及操作人员带来极大的安全隐患。为了保障埋地管道附近人员的安全,对高压直流接地极对埋地管道的电流干扰及人身安全距离(以下简称安全距离)进行了研究。首先利用数值模拟技术建立了埋地管道受电磁干扰的模型,进而利用该模型计算了不同土壤电阻率、管线长度、管道防腐层、接地极入地电流、管道尺寸等情况下,高压直流接地极对埋地管道杂散电流干扰的安全距离,并分析了上述条件对高压直流接地极干扰程度的影响规律。研究结果表明:①管线长度对高压直流接地极干扰程度的影响较大,管线越长,安全距离越大,但当管线长度达到或超过600 km时,安全距离则基本不变;②管线涂层对高压直流接地极干扰程度的影响较大,随着涂层面电阻率的增加,安全距离逐渐增大;③对于多层土壤结构,可将最大的单层电阻率作为整体电阻率,其计算得到的安全距离最大,评价结果也更为保守。结论认为,利用计算结果得到的4类长度管线的安全距离图谱,可供高压直流接地极及管线设计时参考,并且可以作为拟建高压直流接地极或埋地管线安全距离选取的依据。 相似文献
10.
采用真空雾化的方法制备了Ta含量为0、2%及5%的NiCoCrAlYTa合金粉末,利用超音速火焰喷涂制备了三种涂层,研究了Ta对合金粉末微观组织及物相的影响,绘制了1050℃条件下涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线,研究了500h氧化试验后涂层组织和β相的分布,初步探讨了Ta元素对改善涂层抗氧化性能的作用机理。研究结果表明:Ta通过提高MCrAlY体系抗氧化元素的溶质浓度,促进了氧化膜的形成,随着Ta含量的增加,涂层的内氧化程度降低,涂层抗氧化性能提高。但含Ta涂层在长时间氧化条件下会生成CrTaO_4、AlTaO_4等尖晶石类氧化物,且Ta的氧化物PBR值较大,对涂层的抗热震性能不利。 相似文献