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1.
The combustion characteristics of ammonia/methanol mixtures were investigated numerically in this study. Methanol has a dramatic promotive effect on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of ammonia. Three mechanisms from literature and another four self-developed mechanisms constructed in this study were evaluated using the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures from Wang et al. (Combust.Flame. 2021). Generally, none of the selected mechanisms can precisely predict the measured laminar burning velocities at all conditions. Aiming to develop a simplified and reliable mechanism for ammonia/methanol mixtures, the constructed mechanism utilized NUI Galway mechanism (Combust.Flame. 2016) as methanol sub-mechanism and the Otomo mechanism (Int. J. Hydrogen. Energy. 2018) as ammonia sub-mechanism was optimized and reduced. The reduced mechanism entitled ‘DNO-NH3’, can accurately reproduce the measured laminar burning velocities of ammonia/methanol mixtures under all conditions. A reaction path analysis of the ammonia/methanol mixtures based on the DNO-NH3 mechanism shows that methanol is not directly involved in ammonia oxidation, instead, the produced methyl radicals from methanol oxidization contribute to the dehydrogenation of ammonia. Besides, NOx emission analysis demonstrates that 60% methanol addition results in the highest NOx emissions. The most important reactions dominating the NOx consumption and production are identified in this study.  相似文献   
2.
In this work, a practical numerical model with few parameters was proposed for the prediction of environmental hydrogen embrittlement. The proposed method adopts hydrogen enhanced plasticity-based mechanism in a fracture strain model to describe hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture toughness degradation of three commercial steels SA372J70, AISI4130 and X80 in high pressure hydrogen environment were investigated. Firstly, governing equations for hydrogen distribution and material damage evolution was established. Hydrogen enhanced localized flow softening effect was coupled within fracture strain dependency on stress triaxiality. Then, the numerical implementation and identification process of model parameters was described. Model parameters of the investigated steels were determined based on experiment results from literatures. Finally, with the calibrated model, fracture toughness reduction of the steels was predicted in a wide range of hydrogen pressure. The prediction results were compared with experimental results. Reasonable accuracy was reached. The proposed method is an attempt to reach balance between physical accurate prediction and engineering practicality. It is promising to provide a simplified numerical tool for the design and fit for service evaluation of hydrogen storage vessels.  相似文献   
3.
Aiming at improving the relatively low energy output and energy conversion efficiency of the micro-thermal voltaic (MTPV) system, an innovative heat recirculating micro combustor with pin fins is designed. The effects of pin fins arrangement, hydrogen/air equivalent ratio on the energy output and performance of CHMC, HMCP and HMCI are compared and investigated. The result shows that when the Vin is 6 m/s and Φ is 1.0, the emitter power of CHMC is 72.76W, and that of HCMP and HCMI micro combustor are 75.99W and 76.35W. and the emitter efficiency of CHMC, HCMP and HCMI is 41.93%, 43.26% and 44.01%. HMCI has better energy output capability compared with CHMC and HMCP. Even though, HMCI brings a higher pressure drop, it is within the acceptable range. When the Vin is 6 m/s, the pressure drop from the pin fins only accounts for 26.4% of the total pressure drop for HMCI. Through the study of equivalent ratio, it is found that HMCI has good adaptability in different equivalent ratio range. This work provides new ideas for the development of MTPV system in the future.  相似文献   
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The present study investigates the combined influence of Channel to Rib Width (CRW) ratio and clamping pressure on the structure and performance of High Temperature-Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) using a three-dimensional numerical model developed previously. It also considers the impact of interfacial contact resistance between the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) and Bipolar Plate (BPP). The structural analysis of the single straight channel HT-PEMFC geometry shows that the von-Mises stress greatly increases in the GDL under the ribs as the CRW ratio increases resulting in considerably high deformation. The cell performance analysis depicts the significance of ohmic resistance and concentration polarization for different CRW ratios, particularly at higher operating current densities. However, in low to medium current density regions, the CRW ratio has little influence on cell performance. A substantial impact on the species, overpotential, and current distributions is observed. The findings also reveal that the CRW ratio significantly affects the temperature distribution in the cell.  相似文献   
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翼形量水槽的工作原理决定其工作必然导致一定的水头损失,保证量水槽自由出流的渠道比降随水头损失增大而增大,本文希望通过仿生优化减小翼形量水槽工作水头损失,扩大其在平原灌区渠道的适用范围。本文探索性的利用鸟类翅膀飞行减阻特性选取3种鸟翼作为仿生原型,截取仿生翼形曲线10条,按10个攻角水平应用处理得到78条仿生翼形量水槽外轮廓线,选取3个收缩比开展3种流量工况的仿真试验,采用极差分析法评价仿生翼形量水槽外轮廓线二因素的显著性水平和优水平,较新颖的运用贝叶斯网络图模型推理分析方法解决仿生翼形曲线和攻角优组合的不确定性问题,通过模型试验验证应用可行性。结果表明:翼形曲线是影响优化的主要因素,赛鸽翼(1)为优曲线、-10°为优攻角;攻角-5°与翼形曲线赛鸽翼(1)联合作用效果最佳,将翼形曲线赛鸽翼(1)按攻角-5°应用处理的仿赛鸽翼截面曲线作为优选仿生翼形量水槽外轮廓线;新型仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽各工况临界淹没出流状态:测流精度很高(测流平均误差约1.28%)、壅水高度平均降低7.46%、水头损失平均降低5.81%、最大临界淹没度可达0.933、上游佛汝德数均小于0.4(可形成平稳缓流)、最小工作比降可达1/4960。综上,利用仿生技术优化翼形量水槽可行,新型仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽综合量水性能很好,可用于灌区小比降渠道精细量水。  相似文献   
8.
《工程爆破》2022,(3):10-13
石油射孔弹顺序起爆后,弹间冲击波相互作用是一个高度非线性的力学过程。基于有限元法对这一过程进行显式动力分析,由计算结果得知,高孔密射孔枪弹间干扰产生的主要原因是下位弹在不对称的压力场起爆。设计的不同孔密和不同爆速的导爆索两种情形的爆轰试验结果表明,弹间间距越小(即孔密的增加),弹间干扰越严重;随着导爆索爆速的降低,下位弹射流头部质量集中的"中间"偏转角度增大,上位弹对其干扰越明显。以上结论可用于高孔密射孔枪的优化设计。  相似文献   
9.
The effect of heat loss on the syngas production from partial combustion of fuel-rich in a divergent two-layer burner is numerically studied using two-dimensional model with detailed kinetics GRI-Mech 1.2. Both the radiation and wall heat losses to the surrounding are considered in the computations. It is shown that two types heat losses have different effects on the syngas production. The radiation heat loss has significant effect on the syngas temperature and the syngas temperature is dropped as radiation heat loss is increased, but it has neglected effect on the reforming efficiency and methane conversion efficiency. The wall heat loss has a comprehensive effect on the syngas production. The wall heat loss not only reduces the conversion efficiency, but also significantly decreases the syngas temperature. The effect of wall heat loss becomes weak as the equivalence is increased. The reforming efficiency drops from 0.440 to 0.424 for equivalence ratio of 2 and mixture velocity of 0.17 m/s for the predictions between adiabatic wall and non-adiabatic conditions.  相似文献   
10.
以某厂1吨双环式熔沟有芯感应炉为研究对象,通过ANSYS仿真软件耦合k–?标准方程和磁流体力学模型(MHD)建立了数值仿真模型,研究了熔沟内流场状态与温度分布,及不同熔沟间距与不同宽厚比对熔沟功率密度和熔沟顶面流速的影响。结果表明熔沟间距在275 mm~345 mm变化时,熔沟热值最大,约为410 kJ,功率密度为0.018 W/mm3;而随着宽厚比增加,熔沟热值逐渐下降。流场结果显示熔沟两侧沟道内熔体流速较快,并以螺旋式从熔沟两侧流向炉膛,到达熔沟顶面时速度最高达到0.297 m/s,炉膛内熔体在重力作用下流入中心沟道,下行熔体受到两侧熔沟射流的影响在熔沟上部形成纵向涡心。从熔沟中心沟道上方开始,沿着熔沟方向向熔沟两侧移动,熔体温度逐渐升高,在熔沟两侧拐角处最大,最大温差为12.9 ℃。  相似文献   
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