Farmers' preferences for adopting on-farm concentration of raw milk: Results from a discrete choice experiment in Germany

Milk concentrates are used in the manufacturing of dairy products such as yogurt and cheese or are processed into milk powder. Processes for the nonthermal separation of water and valuable milk ingredients are becoming increasingly widespread at farm level. The technical barriers to using farm-manufactured milk concentrate in dairies are minimal, hence the suspicion that the practice of on-farm raw milk concentration is still fairly uncommon for economic reasons. This study, therefore, set out to investigate farmers' potential willingness to adopt a raw milk concentration plant. The empirical analysis was based on discrete choice experiments with 75 German dairy farmers to identify preferences and the possible adoption of on-farm raw milk concentration. The results showed that, in particular, farmers who deemed the current milk price to be insufficient viewed on-farm concentration using membrane technology as an option for diversifying their milk sales. We found no indication that adoption would be impeded by a lack of trustworthy information on milk processing technologies or capital.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on the heat production and thermal storage characteristics of rapid preparation amorphous powder activated coke

The heat production and thermal storage characteristics of rapid-preparation amorphous powder activated coke (RAC) were investigated. RAC was prepared by using a drop-tube reactor system. The natural oxidation characteristics of RAC were studied through combined TG–FTIR analysis and temperature-programmed experiment. Experimental results showed that CO and CO₂ were the main oxidation products of RAC in air, and that the oxidation reaction was in accordance with the Arrhenius equation and law of mass action. Thermal storage characteristics were studied through computational fluid dynamics simulation. The maximum excess temperature θ_max increases linearly with the increase of the initial temperature. The concentration fields of the products show that CO₂ is mainly concentrated in the upper part of the coke bin, and the CO generated by CO₂ at high temperature is mainly concentrated in the central part of the coke bin.     

CFETR水冷陶瓷增殖剂包层模块产氚率实验验证

水冷陶瓷增殖剂（WCCB）包层作为中国聚变工程试验堆（CFETR）候选包层之一，承担着氚增殖、核热提取、屏蔽等重要涉核功能，其中子学设计的可靠性直接影响CFETR氚自持目标的实现。为验证中子学设计工具，即MCNP和FNEDL3.0数据库，在WCCB包层中子学设计中的可靠性，基于研制出的WCCB包层模块，在DT中子环境下开展中子学实验，对以产氚率（TPR）为代表的中子学参数进行了模拟值（C）和实验值（E）对比分析。结果表明，模块中轴线位置处TPR的C/E为0.97?1.08，而模块边缘位置处TPR的C/E为0.65?0.82；模块钛酸锂层边缘区197Au（n，γ）198Au反应率的C/E为0.72?0.90，表明模块边缘区存在非期望的散射中子，导致该区TPR模拟值和实验值偏离较大。     

人工智能赋能在线实验教学行为分析

教学行为分析作是教学质量分析的重要组成部分，也是教学引导与反馈机制的重要依据。文章阐述了人工智能（AI）的含义及发展历程，重点分析总结了教学行为分析方法及AI在教学行为分析上的应用。文章以东南大学电工电子在线实验为研究平台，探索分析了AI技术在实验教学行为分析上的可行性，梳理了基于专家系统的在线实验分析系统的设计思路，充分探讨了“智能”教育在实验教学中的深刻内涵。     

致密气和煤层气联合开发选区量化评价新方法

现有的致密气和煤层气联合开发选区评价方法存在着方法通用性不强、储量与储层物性等参数不能反映两气联采产量差异等问题。为此,以建立致密气和煤层气两气联采通用量化评价指标体系为目的,定义了两气联采有利区综合评价系数,以两气联采产量为评价目标,采用正交设计结合数值模拟手段,确定影响联采产量的关键参数及其对产量的影响程度,建立了两气联采开发选区量化评价新方法,并将新方法应用于鄂尔多斯盆地东缘KNW矿区的两气联采开发选区评价实践中。结果表明:(1)新方法建立和确定了两气地质赋存模式、关键评价参数及正交试验方案设计、评价参数对产量的影响程度、两气联采有利区综合评价系数等;(2)采用优选出的12个关键参数对KNW矿区两气联采开发选区的量化评价结果显示,该矿区南部、北部KNW-37井区为单采煤层气有利区,矿区内的KNW-10、KNW-33、KNW-9井区为单采致密气有利区,矿区中部和西南部为两气联采有利区。结论认为,所提出的致密气和煤层气联合开发选区量化评价新方法具有通用性,对两气联采开发选区具有参考意义。     

分布式光纤在相似模型实验中的铺装与定位研究

为了解决分布式光纤在相似模型实验中的铺装方法以及光纤位置与被测模型的对应关系问题，提高测量结果的准确性，通过描述一个完整的分布式光纤测量相似模型变形的实验实例，给出了一种相似材料模型实验中分布式光纤的铺装方法，详细表述了铺装前光纤标记方法和整个铺装过程。给出了温度标记定位实验的详细步骤，并对定位实验结果及误差进行了详细分析，确定了光纤在模型中的实际位置，且定位误差不超过5 cm，定位精度较高。为采用分布式光纤测量模型实验内部变形的研究者提供了一种可借鉴的分布式光纤铺装、定位及分析方法。     

枞树型核电轮槽精铣刀制造技术优化设计

以枞树型叶根精铣刀为例,阐述了可换硬质合金型线刀体和刀片精铣刀的优化设计、制造工艺、建模及优化设计,进行切削过程加工策略优化和加工过程模拟,设计制造了锥柄专用工装及检测环规、磨削刀片后角专用工装,采用NUMROTO软件编制刀片加工工步。该项目研制的可换刀片精铣刀型线精度完全能达到进口铣刀水平,能满足大部分轮槽与叶根加工对型线精度的要求,可以大幅度节约刀具费用。     

露天矿多煤层软岩复合边坡底摩擦实验研究

以新疆某露天矿设有排土场的东帮复合边坡为研究对象,采用正交设计法设计实验方案,研究利用底摩擦实验相似模拟边坡的破坏过程。4种典型露天矿生产状态模型的底摩擦实验全面反映了露天矿多煤层软岩复合边坡的破坏过程,实验结果表明:21煤底板弱层是边坡滑动的关键因素,结合监测点位移变化规律分析得复合边坡的潜在滑移面具有4种形态,直线形、斜直线形、折线形、圆弧曲线形,通过分析实验现象得出边坡的破坏模式有2种,沉降、蠕滑-拉裂。讨论了弱层、时间和排土场对边坡稳定的影响以及底摩擦实验需要改进的地方,提出了提高边坡稳定性的合理加固时间,上覆排土场对边坡稳定性具有的两面性,它与弱层共同控制了潜在滑体的规模,以及合理制作底摩擦模型的重要性。