油田专用（微）过热注汽锅炉研究与应用

针对蒸汽驱采油对高干度的要求,通过对油田专用常规直流式注汽锅炉产汽干度低的原因分析和对策研究,在常规直流式注汽锅炉制汽结构原理的基础上,增设了过热段、汽水分离器和汽水混合器,在通常水质条件下,将注汽干度提高到100％及微过热。达到了稠油汽驱采油对蒸汽干度的要求,提高了稠油开采的采收率。     

乙烯装置电加热器预防性维护

干气提浓乙烯装置脱氧系统、脱砷系统共有四台电加热器：E-402（600kW）、E-404（560kW）、E-406（500kW）、E-407（200kW）。该电加热器自投用以来运行平均每5分钟就会出现一次内部超温报警，电加热器自保停机，每次停机后需要人工现场复位，等待内部温度降到设定温度后才能重新本文从介绍电加热器的工作原理入手，分析其在：工艺中加热方式，找出影响加热器不能稳定工作的原因。     

提高430铁素体不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶比例的工艺实践

通过分析430铁素体不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶比例偏低的影响因素,在电磁搅拌能力不足的情况下,改进工艺,使等轴晶比例得到大幅度提高,减少了铸坯横裂现象。     

Assessment of an integrated active solar and air-source heat pump water heating system operated within a passive house in a cold climate zone

In the pursuit of energy savings and emission reductions, solar energy heating systems have been promoted in China. However, there still exist many barriers to the operation of solar heating systems, in combination with other systems, under realistic conditions. In order to investigate this further, an integrated space heating system including passive sunspace, active solar water heating, and air-source heat pump (ASHP) was built. The detailed running performance of each subsystem was comparatively analyzed in a full-scale test house in a cold climate zone. This integrated system showed many encouraging results in terms of the maintenance of a stable and comfortable indoor thermal environment during the winter season. The study building consumed electricity as convectional energy, which only accounted for about one-third of the total energy supplied for heating. However, our study also found some shortcomings in the system design. Feasible suggestions regarding the running procedures aimed at a more optimal and effective design were proposed. The systems proposed in this study could be used as a promising future technology for energy savings and emission reductions in rural buildings. The study could also help achieve targets for energy savings and renewable energy utilization in China and other countries.     

Failure analysis of a boiler tube in USC coal power plant

This paper presents failure analysis of final superheater tube in ultra-supercritical (USC) coal power plant. Visual inspection was performed to find out the characteristics of fracture of the as-received material. And the micro-structural changes such as grain growth and carbide coarsening was examined by scanning electron microscope. Detailed microscopic studies were made to find out the behavior of the scale exfoliation on the waterside of tubes. From those investigations, the creep rupture may be caused by the softened structure induced by carbide coarsening and accelerated by the metal temperature increase by the impediment of heat transfer due to voids.     

GCr15轴承钢淬火马氏体的分析

针对GCr15轴承钢正常淬火组织中的黑白区及过热淬火组织中明暗相间的带状组织进行了论述。认为，黑白区与带状组织的出现是由于存在不同含铬量的合金渗碳体的偏聚和过热淬火造成的，可以通过生产工艺的优化进行控制。     

传输核心汇聚机房工艺布局规划研究

本文通过理论分析与实地测试,探究了当前传输核心汇聚机房普遍存在的局部温度过高问题,分析了造成该问题的主要原因,并提出了降低机房局部温度过高的工艺布局规划方法.     

Will future low-carbon schools in the UK have an overheating problem?

Meeting thermal comfort and internal air quality standards for schools can be difficult for buildings that, traditionally in the UK, have not used mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning. With a trend towards increased internal gains, and climate change predicted to cause a significant rise in temperatures, this issue becomes more problematic. Considering this within the context of low-carbon buildings creates an added hurdle—can low-carbon schools be produced that will provide a comfortable teaching environment in the future? Through a series of simulations on template school buildings, this study highlights the effect that future small power and lighting energy use could have on reducing the overheating of school teaching areas. The effect of a warming climate is also estimated, and the impact that has on the internal temperatures of a school quantified. Introducing external shading and increasing ventilation in classrooms can reduce overheating significantly but, for many cases, the risk that the school building cannot cope with the overheating problem might still remain.     

M2高速钢 Φ183 mm锻坯针孔缺陷分析和工艺改进

M2高速钢(/%:0.86C,0.39Si,0.32Mn,0.015P,0.006S,6.00W,4.00Cr,4.80Mo,1.85V)Φ183 mm圆坯由2.0 t电渣锭(Φ500 mm)锻制而成。M2钢锻坯探伤缺陷率为33.33%~69.23%,主要为中心部位针孔缺陷。分析表明,针孔缺陷是钢锭偏析部位在开坯加热和锻制过程中产生过热形成的。通过将电渣重熔电流由8 000→6 800 A降至7 000→6 000 A,降低电渣重熔速度,开锻温度由1070~1090℃降至1030~1060℃,终锻温度由960~980℃C降至900~950℃以降低中间坯的中心温度等工艺措施,使M2钢 Φ183 mm锻坯的探伤缺陷率由50%降低到5.71%。     

蒸汽流量测量的温度、压力补偿原理与DCS算法

蒸汽流量测量量大面广,在工业生产过程中由于实际的运行参数偏离节流件设计工况,给流量测量带来很大误差,实际使用中需要进行补偿以减小系统误差.本文以孔板流量计为例,对蒸汽流量测量的温度、压力补偿原理与实际应用以及计算机分散控制系统的软件开发进行了论述,其他类型的流量测量可借鉴.