Spurenstoffabtrennung mit keramischen Nanofiltrationsmembranen als Rotationsscheibenfilter

Reducing micropollutant pollution of water bodies is an important objective of water management and an integral part of environmental policy. Ceramic nanofiltration membranes were developed as multichannel membranes of increased membrane area and rotating disk filters. The membranes developed show retention of over 80 % for PEG 400. The membranes are currently being tested for the separation of micropollutants from wastewater contaminated with pharmaceuticals. With the help of a downstream oxidative process, the trace substances remaining in the permeate are degraded.     

Nitrogen oxides reduction by liquid petroleum gas over Co–Ce–Ti catalysts in a simulated rotary reactor

Hydrocarbons could be used as the reductant for elimination of NO_x emissions. Liquid petroleum gas, with higher carbon hydrocarbons and cheaper costs, may be of practical value as reducing agents. Due to the consumption of hydrocarbons by oxygen, the NO_x reduction efficiency is significantly inhibited by oxygen in the flue gas. In this research, a novel rotary reactor, realizing the alternating cycle of adsorption zone and reduction zone, was proposed to overcome this negative effect. Co–Ce–Ti mixed oxide catalysts synthesized by a sol–gel method were tested in a simulated rotary reactor for NO_x removal by liquid petroleum gas and characterized by SEM, BET, XRD and XPS. The results showed that catalysts exhibited better NO conversion efficiency at higher temperature but were highly susceptible to oxygen. Catalysts achieved nearly full removal of NO_x from flue gas at 300 °C in a simulated rotary reactor, and 300 °C is considered to be the most optimum temperature with lower energy consumption and excellent flue gas purification performance.     

TRIZ理论在集装箱吊具旋锁机构中的设计应用

利用TRIZ理论,采用因果分析现有结构中缺陷与不足产生的原因。在分析了整个集装箱吊具旋锁机构的系统组件模型后,利用因果分析寻找产生的原因。针对不同的问题采用不同的TRIZ解题工具分别运用技术矛盾、物质—场分析、进化分析对旋锁机构进行创新方案的设计。     

A simulation study of reduction kinetics for sponge iron production in a rotary hearth furnace

ABSTRACT

A mathematical model has been developed by coupling genetic algorithm (GA) with heat and material balance equations to estimate rate parameters and solid-phase evolution related to the reduction of iron ore-coal composite pellets in a multi-layer bed Rotary hearth Furnace (RHF). The present process involves treating iron ore-coal composite pellets in a crucible over the hearth in RHF. The various solid phases evolved at the end of the process are estimated experimentally, and are used in conjunction with the model to estimate rate parameters. The predicted apparent activation energy for the wustite reduction step is found to be lower than those of the reduction of higher oxides. The thermal efficiency is found to decrease significantly with an increase in the carbon content of the pellet. Thermal efficiency was also found to increase mildly up to three layers. Multilayer bed remains as a potential design parameter to increase thermal efficiency.     

直接还原转底炉转速控制系统设计

直接还原转底炉因其工艺独特,能够有效处理冶金污泥粉尘、红土镍矿、复杂难选矿等物料,日益受到治金行业的关注。直接还原转底炉工艺控制最核心部分之一就是还原物料的周期,即必须按照生产工艺的要求的时间完成一个旋转周期,转速控制精度要求高,误差小。文章介绍了直接还原转底炉液压系统原理、控制系统组成、程序设计。     

静态推靠式旋转导向钻井系统的钻压传递效率

国内研制的静态推靠式旋转导向钻井系统正全面开展现场试验及初步应用,该系统正常钻进时导向翼肋施加到井壁上的静态推靠力会产生较大的摩擦力,有可能影响钻压传递效率和钻井速度。为此,基于该系统的结构及工作原理,考虑井壁无台阶和有台阶两种情况,分别建立了钻压传递效率分析模型,模拟分析了钻压传递效率随名义钻压、井壁摩擦系数,以及导向翼肋推靠力和前倒角的变化规律。研究结果表明:(1)该旋转导向系统对名义钻压有最小值要求,适当提高名义钻压有助于提高钻压传递效率;(2)无论井壁是否有台阶,如果导向翼肋推靠力之和越大、井壁摩擦系数越大,那么钻压传递效率就越低,当井壁有台阶时钻压传递效率明显低于井壁无台阶时的对应值;(3)井壁有台阶时导向翼肋前倒角对钻压传递效率影响明显,前倒角越大则钻压传递效率越低(甚至自锁)。结论认为,该研究成果有助于指导钻井现场合理选择和调控钻压。     

Research on the hydrogen injection strategy of a direct injection natural gas/hydrogen rotary engine considering apex seal leakage

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the hydrogen injection strategy on the combustion performance of a natural gas/hydrogen rotary engine. Considering that apex seal leakage (ASL) is an inevitable problem in the actual working process of a rotary engine, the action of ASL cannot be ignored for an in-depth study of its combustion performance. Therefore, in this paper, a 3D dynamic simulation model that put the effect of ASL into consideration was established. Furthermore, based on the established 3D model, the combustion process of a natural gas/hydrogen rotary engine under various hydrogen injection angle (HIA) and hydrogen injection timing (HIT) was investigated. The results indicated that the hydrogen jet flow first impacted on the rotor wall after entering the cylinder, and then diffused under the action of the vortexes in the cylinder. Therefore, the HIA and HIT could change the hydrogen distribution by changing the hydrogen impact location and the intensities of the vortexes in the cylinder. In addition, the ideal hydrogen distribution at the ignition timing which could improve the combustion efficiency was given. That is, under the premise of ensuring minimized hydrogen leakage, the hydrogen should mainly distribute in the middle and the front of the cylinder, and a high hydrogen concentration is maintained near the spark plug.     

Improving burning speed by using hydrogen enrichment and turbulent jet ignition system in a rotary engine

Low flame speed restrains engine efficiency and increases HC emissions in rotary engines. Hydrogen addition and turbulent jet ignition have a great potential in increasing engine performance as they increase fuel burning speed. In this study, the classical R13b-Renesis Wankel engine and a modified one with a turbulent jet ignition configuration are numerically investigated by using hydrogen as a supplement. Eccentric motion of the rotor was generated by using User Defined Function in ANSYS-Fluent software. Pure methane and methane blended with 3% and 6% hydrogen energy fractions were used as fuels in the calculations. Combustion was modeled by using reduced mechanism of hydrogen-methane combustion having 22 species and 104 reactions. The Wankel engine was simulated at 2000 rpm speed and partial load conditions. At first, classical engine configuration having two spark plugs was simulated with pure methane. Then, hydrogen blended methane simulations were conducted to investigate the benefits of the hydrogen addition. Similar procedure was applied for the turbulent jet ignition application. The results show that both approaches are effective on increasing the burning speed of the fuel. It is revealed that hydrogen addition increases the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) by 1.8% and 5.2% for 3% and 6% hydrogen fraction cases respectively in the classical engine. Turbulent jet ignition with pure methane increases IMEP by 4.7% compared to the classical engine. Hydrogen addition only in pre-chamber is effective as much as 6% hydrogen fraction of classical engine. As the burning speed is increased by the application of these methods, CO and HC emissions are reduced and NO emission is increased. It is concluded that benefits of hydrogen addition and turbulent jet ignition applications can be optimized for both reducing harmful emissions and increasing engine performance.     

回转窑托轮轴瓦温度过高原因及处理方法

回转窑托轮轴瓦发热是一种常见问题,会影响到回转窑的运转率。论述了托轮轴瓦发热原因及处理措施。