An optimal configuration for hybrid SOFC,gas turbine,and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer using a developed Aquila Optimizer

In this research, a technical, economic and environmental analysis has been proposed to a Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system-based hybrid system including biomass, gas turbine, and Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer. A multi-objective optimization technique has been utilized to improve the overall product cost and the exergy effectiveness based on a developed version of Aquila Optimizer (DAO). The main idea of using the developed version is to improve the accuracy and the precision of the original Aquila optimizer. The system is then authenticated in terms of energy/exergy effectiveness, and energy-economic efficiency. The achievements indicate that employing the optimization algorithm for different configurations provided satisfying results for the system.     

Effect of catalytic washcoat shape and properties on mass transfer characteristics of microstructured steam-methanol reformers for hydrogen production

Many attempts have been made to improve mass transfer by reducing the size of reactors. However, such reduction will fairly quickly reach practical limitations and numerous difficulties still remain. Catalytic washcoat shape and properties may be critical design factors, but the mechanisms for their effects on mass transfer characteristics are still not fully understood. To effectively eliminate problems associated with mass transport phenomena in microstructured steam-methanol reformers, the effects of washcoat shape and properties were investigated in various situations by performing computational fluid dynamics simulations. The dependence of the solution on mass transfer characteristics was reduced to a small number of dimensionless parameters. A dimensionless mass transfer analysis was carried out in terms of the Sherwood, Schmidt, and pore Reynolds numbers. The results indicated that the rate of mass transfer is predominantly controlled by washcoat properties, and porosity and effective thermal conductivity are fundamentally important. The rate of the reforming reaction is typically controlled by kinetics at a temperature of 480 K and limited by mass transfer at a temperature of 580 K. The shape of washcoats affects the overall mass transfer characteristics, depending on the structural and thermal properties of washcoats. The shape effect is limited by heat transfer. A three-fold increase in effectiveness factor can be achieved by increasing the effective thermal conductivity of the washcoat. Design recommendations were finally made to improve transport characteristics for the systems.     

储能水管-冲击式水轮机发电系统设计及发电效益分析

为充分利用高层建筑物内部的水能包括生活污水及高层建筑物顶楼雨水,可将其转化为电能。由此设计的储能水管-冲击式水轮机装置即通过冲击式水轮机和发电机将高层建筑物内部储存的生活污水及雨水的势能转变为可供使用的电能,并通过建立单户用水模拟模型,设置储能水管对30、100层建筑进行发电模拟。模拟结果表明,储能水管-冲击式水轮机发电具有很好的发电效益和节能减排社会效益,获得了日发电过程中冲击式水轮机的水头变换和启停特性,为该系统中冲击式水轮机的个性设计提供了依据。     

气动弹片对垂直轴风力机性能影响研究

片对垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响并分析了其流动机理。结果表明：气动弹片在高尖速比下可显著抑制流动分离并改善其动态失速特性，功率系数得到极大提升；切向力和转矩系数在气动弹片作用相位角范围内，均有一定提高，而在其它相位角内，风力机性能不受影响。     

中压进汽腔的流场数值模拟比较

通过数值模拟计算,对中压对称进汽和切向进汽两种结构的流场进行了分析比较,结果表明,单一切向进汽腔的总压损失更小,出口汽流角的周向分布均匀度更好。更进一步,为整体评估中压进汽腔的流场以及对叶片级的流动影响,对中压进汽腔及第1级叶片的整体流体域流场情况进行了分析比较,结果表明,采用大几何角静叶的切向进汽腔气动性能最优;当采取切向进汽腔时,需合理选择第1级静叶几何角并耦合计算,才能实现进汽腔的气动优化。     

Numerical study of a concept for major repair and replacement of offshore wind turbine blades

Repair and replacement of offshore wind turbine blades are necessary for current and future offshore wind turbines. To date, repair activities are often conducted using huge jack‐up crane vessels and by applying a reverse installation procedure. Because of the high costs associated with installation and removal of offshore wind turbine components and the low profit margin of the offshore wind industry, alternative methods for installation and removal are needed. This paper introduces a novel concept for replacement or installation of offshore wind turbine blades. The concept involves a medium‐sized jack‐up crane vessel and a tower climbing mechanism. This mechanism provides a stable platform for clamping, lowering, and lifting of a blade. A case study of a 5‐MW offshore wind turbine is shown, where common engineering practices were applied and numerical simulations of the marine operations were carried out using finite element and multibody simulation tools. Operational limits for wave and wind actions were established to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed concept.     

多泥沙河流水电站水轮机转轮内部流动数值模拟

针对多泥沙水电站水轮机转轮的泥沙磨损问题,以HLA351-LJ-275水轮机为模型,对水轮机在设计工况下,运用N-S方程和标准κ-ε湍流模型,利用CFX求解器进行仿真流动模拟。水轮机转轮进口沿叶高20%、50%、80%流面的压力、泥沙速度及泥沙体积分数分布的数值结果表明,水轮机转轮叶片工作面压力大于背面且最小压力高于气化压力。泥沙速度在叶片进水边和出水口位置普遍较高。水轮机转轮叶片工作面的泥沙体积分数大于背面,叶片工作面的泥沙体积分数在叶片出水口普遍较高,叶片背面的泥沙体积分数在叶片进水边普遍较高。研究结果对多泥沙河流水轮机转轮叶片的泥沙磨损评估及维修具有指导意义。     

水泵水轮机导叶动态水力矩特性分析

采用SST k-ω湍流模型对某高水头水泵水轮机进行全流道三维非定常数值模拟,分别对在水轮机工况和水泵工况运行下的导叶动态力矩特性进行分析。结果表明:在水轮机工况下,随着流量的增大,不同位置处导叶的动态水力矩变化规律一致,力矩值由正值变为负值,力矩脉动频率与转轮叶片数相关,流量越大,叶频影响越显著;在水泵工况下,最高扬程工况时导叶水力矩脉动频率主频为转频且脉动幅值较大,而最低扬程工况下导叶水力矩脉动主频为叶频,力矩脉动幅值较小。     

Wind turbine speed control of a contactless piezoelectric wind energy harvester

ABSTRACT

Wind turbine control is an important task to make the electricity generation secure in terms of energy demand and machine safety. It also yields to control the desired power level and optimized energy because of the assignment of turbine speed. The contactless piezoelectric wind energy harvester (CPWEH) used in this study has three piezoelectric layers located around the shaft with 120 degrees apart and they are buckled by the magnetic force without any physical contact. The superiority of this device is to generate energy for low wind speeds such as 1.5 m/s. However, for high speeds, high total harmonic distortions (THDs) govern the waveforms, thus controlling the turbine speed becomes necessary for optimizing the output power. Encouraged by this, a small low inertia dc generator is coupled with the wind turbine, and the generator terminals are connected to a resistor through a power switch to generate a braking torque that opposes to wind speed direction. By controlling the switch properly, turbine speed is ensured to remain within a certain band, which accordingly prevents the turbine from rotating very fast at damaging wind speeds. Several experiments are performed on the developed CPWEH with/without the presented control scheme which prove the existence of promising performance of our proposal.     

考虑流固耦合的Spar型浮式风力机涡激运动特性研究

对弹性支撑单圆柱在均匀流作用下的涡激运动特性进行数值模拟,捕捉到"锁定区"、"拍"、"频率变换"等现象。柱体周围流场采用Fluent求解,将4阶Runge-Kutta方法代码写入用户自定义函数(UDF)求解运动微分方程,运用动网格技术更新流场,实现圆柱与流场的非线性耦合作用。发现随着折合速度的增大,涡激运动响应可分为锁定前支、锁定区、锁定后支3个阶段,在进入锁定区前(折合速度Ur=3)横向运动响应发生拍现象,当跨过锁定区后(折合速度Ur=10)发生频率变换现象。结果表明,横向涡激运动有较大范围的频率锁定现象,频率解锁前后圆柱涡激运动轨迹由"右8字"形变换为"左8字"形。