激光选区熔化自由制造异质材料零件技术研究

为解决当前激光选区熔化成型过程难以按需在零件任意位置自由布置不同材料的难题，基于多漏斗供粉+柔性清扫回收粉末原理，对异质材料零件激光选区熔化增材制造技术展开了研究，详细探讨了成型机理、粉尘污染防范机制及异质材料数据处理方法。采用CuSn10、4340两种不同的合金材料进了工艺实验验证。实验表明该方法可以较有效解决激光选区熔化成型过程异质材料布置难题，实现异质材料零件成型：（1）能自由地在不同层间或同层内不同区域按需布置不同的材料；（2）所得块状异质材料零件的铜合金材料区域Fe元素平均质量百分含量可控制在2%以下，钢材料区域Cu元素平均质量百分含量可控制在1%以下；（3）成功成型了一个具有复杂外形及微细材料区域特征的异质材料齿轮零件，零件异质材料区域不受零件复杂外形限制，可自由按需布置材料，0.5mm宽的层内异质材料区域也能被较好地表达出来，尺寸误差不超过±0.1mm。     

汽车加油口双色注射模设计

分析了汽车加油口塑件结构,确定了注射成型方案、进胶方式,并介绍了通过滑块与开模动作配合实现塑件脱模的过程。     

表面形态对铝合金表面注射结合性能的影响

通过对铝合金表面进行阳极氧化和偶联剂处理，提出了一种注塑工艺直接成形铝合金聚酰胺复合构件的方法。利用激光共焦扫描显微镜和傅里叶红外(FTIR)光谱仪对经处理过的铝合金表面结构和成分进行了分析，结果表明：铝合金表面粗糙度和偶联剂固化时形成的Si-O-Al、C-N等化学键对界面结合力有重要影响。讨论了阳极氧化工艺参数和偶联剂固化条件对铝合金表面形貌、成分和注塑复合构件力学性能的影响规律，借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了复合构件拉伸剪切的破坏机理。     

镍基高温合金锥筒形件拉深旋压成形机理研究

针对镍基高温合金因加工硬化严重成形时极易产生破裂和起皱等典型缺陷的问题,以锥筒形壳体类零件为对象,提出了一种由锥形预制坯经过真空固溶处理后拉深旋压成形锥筒形件的方法,并对其成形机理进行了研究。基于Abaqus/Explicit平台,建立了锥筒形件拉深旋压有限元模型,分析了成形过程中的瞬态等效应力、等效塑性应变、切向应力、壁厚及三向应变分布规律。结果表明:在旋压成形过程中,最大瞬态等效应力位于旋轮接触区及附近区域、最大瞬态等效塑性应变位于坯料口部;瞬态切向压应力最大值位于旋轮接触区,而瞬态切向拉应力最大值位于旋轮接触区附近的两侧区域。筒形段中部壁厚减薄,而坯料口部壁厚增厚。旋压成形试验表明,锥形预制坯经拉深旋压后可获得壁厚均匀的锥筒形件。     

阴极保护技术在水工金属结构埋件上的应用

制作了水工金属结构埋件模型,研究不同种类牺牲阳极和外加电流方法对埋件的保护作用,以寻找切实可行的水工金属结构埋件长效保护方案。结果表明:采用牺牲阳极法进行阴极保护,当溶液电导率为2000μS/cm时,镁合金对水工金属结构埋件的保护距离可达到100cm,具有较好的保护效果;铝合金和锌合金由于表面钝化作用,对水工金属结构埋件起不到保护作用。恒电位极化方法可在不同电导率情况下对埋件起到较好的保护效果。     

汽车雨挡导流片浮顶式侧抽芯机构注射模设计

介绍了一款汽车雨挡导流片异型塑件两板注射模的结构设计,该模具基于采用常规的滑块抽芯机构及斜顶机构难以实现塑件完全脱模的机构设计困难问题,突破常规设计思路,设计了一种型芯浮顶式侧抽芯机构来实现塑件的自动化注射生产。机构中,在模具开模打开后,通过顶出板及顶杆将塑件和部分成型一同顶出,而后再通过侧边二次顶出机构将塑件从局部型芯上顶出而实现塑件的完全脱模,有效地简化了模具结构设计,降低了模具的加工制造难度,降低了模具的制造成本,模具结构复杂新颖,工作稳定可靠,为异型类塑件的模具结构及机构设计创新设计提供了一个较好的案例借鉴。     

Design of delayed reconfigurable manufacturing system based on part family grouping and machine selection

To improve the convertibility of reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS), the concept of delayed reconfigurable manufacturing system (D-RMS) was proposed. RMS and D-RMS are both constructed around part family. However, D-RMS may suffer from ultra-long system problem with unacceptable idle machines using generic RMS part families. Besides, considering the complex basic system structure of D-RMS, machine selection of D-RMS should be addressed, including dedicated machine, flexible machine, and reconfigurable machine. Therefore, a system design method for D-RMS based on part family grouping and machine selection is proposed. Firstly, a part family grouping method is proposed for D-RMS that groups the parts with more former common operations into the same part family. The concept of longest relative position common operation subsequence (LPCS) is proposed. The similarity coefficient among the parts is calculated based on LPCS. The reciprocal value of the operation position of LPCS is adopted as the characteristic value. The average linkage clustering (ALC) algorithm is used to cluster the parts. Secondly, a machine selection method is proposed to complete the system design of D-RMS, including machine selection rules and the dividing point decision model. Finally, a case study is given to implement and verify the proposed system design method for D-RMS. The results show that the proposed system design method is effective, which can group parts with more former common operations into the same part family and select appropriate machine types.     

A mechanism informed neural network for predicting machining deformation of annular parts

Controlling machining deformation of annular parts is crucial for ensuring the performance of high value products and equipment. For example, during manufacturing of critical parts in aircrafts and spacecrafts, accurate prediction of machining deformation is the basis for guiding the formulation of deformation control strategies. However, due to the complexity of the machining deformation of annular parts, existing methods still have limitations in accurate prediction. To this end, this paper proposes a mechanism informed neural network (MINN) to predict machining deformation of annular parts. MINN is realized by establishing the dual sub-networks structure and using enhanced loss functions with the consideration of the deformation mechanism model characteristics of annular parts. The deformation was decomposed into the axisymmetric portion and the non-axisymmetric portion according to the deformation superposition principle, and modeled separately based on the thin-shell theory and Fourier series. Experiment results showed that the proposed method could predict the machining deformation of annular parts more accurately and stably with a small amount of training data, compared with previous methods.     

异形医用双腔导管挤出离模膨胀变形机理与调控

如何准确预测和精密调控异形医用双腔导管的离模膨胀变形是实现其精密成型的关键技术。通过传统和气辅精密成型的对比分析，研究表明离模膨胀变形是由熔体的第二法向应力差驱动的径向二次流动所诱发，传统挤出成型会产生较大的第二法向应力差，第二法向应力差驱动诱发的径向二次流动是离模膨胀变形的直接驱动力，从而导致传统挤出成型的异形医用双腔导管不仅产生离模膨胀，而且还产生椭圆度误差，其最大离模膨胀比和椭圆度误差分别为1.86和6.3 %。异形医用双腔导管的气辅精密挤出成型基本可以消除熔体的第二法向应力差，必然消除了挤出成型过程的径向二次流动，从而实现了异形医用双腔导管的精密控形。     

基于网格曲面形状修改的柔性件装配偏差分析

柔性件装配偏差有限元分析方法中的敏感度矩阵来源于产品的理论数学模型，而理论数学模型与实际模型之间存在一定的外形差异，会产生很大的分析误差。针对该问题，提出了一种装配偏差分析的改进方法，即根据产品理论外形和误差源数据，运用网格曲面变形方法获取逼近零件实际形状的数学模型，代替理论数学模型进行装配偏差分析。开展了金属薄板的装配回弹试验以及飞机壁板件的装配偏差分析计算，使用仿真、试验及测量等手段获取了各类偏差分析结果，并进行比较。数据表明，装配偏差分析误差可减小到5%以内。