Numerical and experimental investigation of the metering characteristic and pressure losses of the rotary tubular spool valve

This paper presents the results of numerical and experimental performance evaluation of the rotary tubular spool valve. The aim of this work is to develop further the novel design of the tubular spool valve by confirming experimentally the validity of the simulation model and its results, thereby proving the valve's potential to represent a feasible and more efficient alternative to conventionally used translation spool valves avoiding the use of two stage valve configurations. In this research the valve performance is assessed through numerical modelling and experimental studies of its metering characteristic and pressure losses. This paper demonstrates that the used valve model yields the results, which agree well with the conducted experimental study. Therefore, validation of the numerical model and the modelling results in the form of theoretical valve characteristics was accomplished. Firstly, the paper presents details of a numerical approach employed to evaluate valve performance and then analyzes the simulation results. Next, the valve performance is experimentally validated by testing a prototype valve on a hydraulic test rig capable of measuring the volume flow rate, pressure levels in up- and downstream lines of the valve across the entire spool angular stroke. Initially, average discrepancies between modelling and test results were 52.46% for the metering and 82.78% for the pressure loss characteristics. Correcting the model geometry aimed at eliminating differences between the valve model and the practically used prototype-test rig system enabled reduction of the error between experiment and modelling by 47.75% for the pressure loss function. This confirmed validity of the simulated characteristics of the valve. The benchmark comparison of pressure losses confirmed average 71.66% energy dissipation reduction compared to the industry-available analogue valve.     

7500T大型压铸机增压阀块内流道流场仿真分析及优化

设计性能优良的阀块对提升液压系统性能具有重要意义。利用计算动力学方法对7500T大型压铸机增压阀块的流阻特性进行分析,计算得到两种不同压铸机增压阀块结构在不同流量时的压力损失。结果表明：增压阀块压力损失随着流量的增大呈现出近似线性增大的变化情况;加设倾斜流道的压力损失比没有倾斜流道的压力损失小,且减阻效果随着流量的增大而增大。利用正交试验建立了4因素5水平的正交试验数据库,对斜流道增压阀进行多参数单目标优化,然后基于遗传算法协同BP神经网络优化斜流道增压阀块之后,可使增压阀块的压力损失下降20%左右。     

全液压制动系统充液阀性能仿真与结构优化研究

充液阀作为全液压制动系统中的关键部件,其充液速度、充液压力等特性对整个系统的性能有直接的影响,为了系统研究结构参数对充液阀工作特性的影响,借助AMESim软件平台建立了全液压制动系统的仿真模型,并利用所搭建的全液压制动系统试验台,验证了仿真模型的有效性。在此基础上,分析了充液阀不同结构参数对充液特性的影响规律,结果表明,主阀弹簧刚度和阀芯节流孔径的改变会影响充液响应时间;控制阀的阀套夹角、钢球直径及调压弹簧刚度是决定充液压力上、下限的关键参数。依据上述结果,利用遗传算法对充液阀的主要结构参数进行了优化,结果表明,优化后的充液时间由2.8s缩短至2.0s,充液响应特性得到较大改善。     

小型高效蒸汽轮机主汽阀的优化设计

数值模拟了某小型高效汽轮机主调阀内的全三维复杂蒸汽流场,给出了阀门的整体流量特性曲线,分析了阀门内部流场细节,指出调节阀的喉道附近流场分布不均匀是造成阀门损失的主要原因。接着对阀碟型线进行优化,优化后的阀门通流量减小,流场内部涡流区大大减小,速度分布不均匀性得到改善,湍动能范围和幅值大幅度下降,这一切表明阀门的效率和稳定性得到很大的提高。最后,实验验证了阀门的通流特性和安全性,为阀门的结构优化设计提供了重要依据。     

大通径止回阀的选材和结构设计

止回阀是一种自动阻止介质逆流的阀门,其结构简单,能自动启闭,因而广泛应用于各个领域。对大通径旋启式止回阀的选材和结构设计进行了研究。     

发动机缸盖导管阀座压装技术分析

介绍汽油发动机缸盖导管阀座压装技术的发展和领先的压装技术,对传统压装技术和新压装技术分别做了详细的技术分析和对比。     

Environmental economic dispatch in multi-area power system employing improved differential evolution with fuzzy selection

In a deregulated multi-area electrical power system the objective is to determine the most economical generation dispatch strategy that could satisfy the area load demands, the tie-line limits and other operating constraints. Usually, economic dispatch (ED) deals only with the cost minimization, but minimization of emission content has also become an equally important concern due to the mandatory requirement of pollution reduction for environmental protection. Environmental economic dispatch (EED) is a complex multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem with conflicting goals. Normally a fuzzy ranking is employed to rank the large number of Pareto solutions obtained after solving a MOO problem. But in this paper the preference of the decision maker (DM) is used to guide the search and to select the population for the next generation. An improved differential evolution (DE) method is proposed where the selection operation is modified to reduce the complexity of multi-attribute decision making with the help of a fuzzy framework. Solutions are assigned a fuzzy rank on the basis of their level of satisfaction for different objectives before the population selection and then the fuzzy rank is used to select and pass on better solutions to the next generation. A well distributed Pareto-front is obtained which presents a large number of alternate trade-off solutions for the power system operator. A momentum operation is also included to prevent stagnation and to create Pareto diversity. Studies are carried out on three test cases and results obtained are found to be better than some previous literature.     

Solution of economic load dispatch using hybrid chemical reaction optimization approach

In this paper, a new and efficient optimization technique based on hybridization of chemical reaction optimization (CRO) with differential evolution (DE) is developed and demonstrated to solve the ELD problem with thermal cost function having valve point loading effect together with and without multiple fuel options and with and without considering prohibited operating zone and ramp rate constraint. When valve-point effects, multi-fuel operations and the constraints of prohibited operating zone and ramp rate are taken into account, ELD problem become more complex than conventional ELD problem. To show the priority of the proposed algorithm, it is implemented on six different test systems for solving ELD problems. Comparative studies are carried out to examine the effectiveness of the proposed HCRO-DE approach with conventional DE, CRO and the other algorithms reported in the literature. The simulation results show that the proposed HCRO-DE method is capable of obtaining better quality solutions than DE, CRO and the other well popular optimization techniques.     

发动机配气凸轮轮廓曲线设计与研究

配气凸轮作为配气系统的核心零部件,其轮廓曲线的设计是整个配气机构设计的关键。通过对Solid Works软件进行二次开发,得出一种配气凸轮轮廓曲线的参数化设计方法。此方法能够满足精度要求较高的凸轮轮廓曲线设计,为发动机配气凸轮轮廓线的设计提供了一种依据。     

阀室引压管放电烧蚀失效分析

近年来,我国油气管道沿线阀室遭受的交、直流电干扰日益严重,由此引发的阀室引压管放电烧蚀问题逐渐凸显,亟需开展相关研究来弄清阀室引压管放电烧蚀的规律和机制。为此,以西气东输天然气管道某阀室引压管的放电烧蚀为例,搭建了实验室放电烧蚀平台,采用实验室模拟实验、微观分析以及现场测试相结合的方法,对该阀室引压管放电烧蚀的规律和机制进行了研究。结果表明:(1)当两根引压管间的交直流电压差大于4 V且存在接触引弧时便可以观察到明显的放电现象;(2)随着引压管间电压差和回路电流的增大,其能量升高,引压管放电烧蚀越严重;(3)直流放电烧蚀情况下阴、阳极呈现出明显不同的烧蚀形貌,阳极区烧蚀更加严重,其烧蚀坑呈现凹坑且烧蚀坑中没有明显的烧蚀产物沉积,阴极区烧蚀深度较浅,表面沉积一层烧蚀产物,而交流放电烧蚀情况下阴阳极烧蚀区域形貌基本一致,无明显差异。结论认为:该阀室的引压管放电现象是一种弧光放电,可以通过固定引压管、增大引压管间距以及阀室的交直流排流等措施来避免该现象的发生。