Material removal profile prediction and experimental validation for obliquely axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing of K9 optical glass

K9 optical glass is one of the typical components in optical systems. However, because of its poor fracture resistance, it is difficult to polish it with ultra-precision and high-efficiency and without any surface damage simultaneously. The emergence of the obliquely axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted polishing (UVAP) method can solve this problem which encounters in polishing efficiency and shape accuracy. However, due to the unclear material removal profile (MRP) mechanism, obliquely axial UVAP is not widely used in the processing field. This paper introduces the obliquely axial UVAP method in research processes, mainly focusing on the fixed point MRP analysis of the obliquely axial UVAP. Based on Hertz's contact theory, polishing pressure, the length of the semi-long axis (LLA) and the length of the semi-short axis (LSA) of the contact area are calculated under ultrasonic vibration conditions. Meanwhile, the relative linear velocity distribution of the oblique polishing tool in the instantaneous contact area is modeled by mathematical geometry method. A novel model of the MRP distribution for obliquely axial UVAP is proposed following the Preston equation. Subsequently, a series of polishing experiments were carried out to verify this model. The results show that the numerical model has good agreement with the experimental results on MRP, LLA, LSA, material removal depth and material removal rate (MRR). In addition, the material removal capability can be significantly improved by larger ultrasonic amplitude and larger oblique angle. This model not only more clearly elucidates the processing mechanism of obliquely axial UVAP, but also provides theoretical support for the polishing of free-form optical lenses.     

全超导非圆截面托卡马克中性束注入窗口材料活化研究

中性束注入加热为全超导非圆截面托卡马克(EAST)主要辅助加热方式之一。伴随着中性束注入加热，等离子体中子出射强度可达到10¹⁴ n/s。由于中性束注入窗口具有较大的开口尺寸，窗口泄露的大量中子可能影响系统的安全稳定运行。本文基于EAST 中性束二维模型和蒙特卡洛程序MCNP与材料活化程序FISPACT， 研究EAST 两条中性束夹角112.5°时，中性束关键部件材料SS304和铜活化情况，并研究材料活化所导致的停机剂量率，最后利用高纯锗能谱仪测量活化核素的γ能谱。研究表明,理论模拟与实验测量结果吻合较好。中长寿命核素⁵¹Cr、⁵⁸Co、⁵⁴Mn等为SS304主要活化核素。EAST停止运行5 min后，停机剂量率已经降低到国际热核聚变实验堆计划（ITER）设计的剂量率限值10^-5 Sv/h。本研究可为研究聚变堆中性束注入窗口的材料活化和停机维护方案设计提供指导。     

新型限力输出保护功能柔性夹钳的设计与参数评估

柔性夹钳因具有微/纳精密操作能力, 常应用于微操作系统中, 但因抓爪无法提供恒定输出力或恒力范围小, 容易造成操作对象的损伤或脱落。根据放大模块与常力模块串联的结构形式, 设计了一种具有常力特性的柔性夹钳。基于伪刚体法, 建立放大模块中桥式机构与杠杆机构的刚度和放大率数学模型, 通过对倾斜导向梁进行分析, 得到常力模块的力-位移关系式, 计算出恒定输出力为42.5 N, 输出范围为370 μm。最后, 结合不同柔顺梁的结构参数, 运用MATLAB仿真探究了各关键参数对常力特性的影响。研究结果可为常力柔性夹钳的构型设计和分析提供一定的理论支撑。     

Two-Dimensional Silicene–Stanene Heterostructures by Epitaxy

The synthesis of new Xenes and their potential applications prototypes have achieved significant milestones so far. However, to date the realization of Xene heterostructures in analogy with the well known van der Waals heterostructures remains an unresolved issue. Here, a Xene heterostructure concept based on the epitaxial combination of silicene and stanene on Ag(111) is introduced, and how one Xene layer enables another Xene layer of a different nature to grow on top is demonstrated. Single-phase (4 × 4) silicene is synthesized using stanene as a template, and stanene is grown on top of silicene on the other way around. In both heterostructures, in situ and ex situ probes confirm layer-by-layer growth without intercalations and intermixing. Modeling via density functional theory shows that the atomic layers in the heterostructures are strongly interacting, and hexagonal symmetry conservation in each individual layer is sequence selective. The results provide a substantial step toward currently missing Xene heterostructures and may inspire new paths for atomic-scale materials engineering.     

Damping oscillations in a wire bending process

This paper presents an approach to modify CAD/CAM generated motion profiles for wire bending machines, in order to damp wire oscillations without decreasing machine throughput. Two different methodologies are presented, both leveraging on a simple and easily identifiable model of wire oscillations, the first one based on a filtering approach, the second one on an optimisation approach. The two methodologies are both characterised by a low computational complexity, allowing them to be integrated directly in the bending machine user interface, and can rely on a standard camera to identify wire oscillation parameters. A thorough experimental validation of the approaches is also presented, showing promising results in damping oscillations with wires of different materials.     

温州某公轨共建高架车站结构设计

为了解决城市廊道资源的紧张和公共交通发展需求的矛盾,出现了轨道交通和快速路的共建型式,即公轨共建的复合型交通模式,以温州市域铁路S2线一期工程的人民路站为例,研究公轨共建高架车站的结构设计要点。首先,为降低浅层气体对桩基的承载力及沉降影响,对遇到局部浅层气体发育的基础设计提供了合理的解决方案。然后针对公轨共建一体化车站分别进行了多遇和罕遇地震作用分析,研究表明构件及整体指标满足规范要求。最后针对工程的一些关键技术,如快速路桥面体系的选型、超长结构温度应力的控制措施、轨道梁挠度及应力的控制、快速路桥面振动对车站的影响等进行了分析,并给出了具体的解决方案和指导意见。     

Generation,validation and application of dynamic load profiles in flow measurement using cavitating Herschel–Venturi nozzles

Today, utility meters for water are tested for measurement behavior at stable operating conditions at specified flow rates as part of the approval process. The measurement error that occurs during start and stop or when changing between flow rates may not be taken into account. In addition, there are new technologies whose measuring behavior under real-world conditions is only known to a limited extend. To take these facts into account, a new method has been developed and tested to determine the measurement behavior of water meters under dynamic load profiles as they occur in the real application. For this purpose, a test rig for flow rate measurement was extended by a cavitation nozzle apparatus and the generation of dynamic load profiles was validated. For the cavitation nozzles used, possible factors influencing the flow rate, such as temperature and purity of the water as well as the upstream pressure were investigated. Using different types of domestic water meters, the applicability of the dynamic test procedure was demonstrated and the measurement behavior of the meters was characterised.     

新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝构件受力的简化计算方法

针对常见泥石流防治结构被冲击破坏的问题，基于“柔性消能”理念，结合张弦梁结构和竖向预应力锚杆技术，提出一种既能改善结构受力性能、增加结构整体抗冲击能力、保证结构安全可靠，又能减小结构构件截面尺寸、节约成本、便于现场施工组装和后期运营维护的新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝，并阐述其技术原理。根据泥石流荷载分布和新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的受力特征，给出其简化的内力计算方法；并利用SAP2000建立新结构有限元模型，分析了结构的整体受力，验证了构件简化计算方法的合理性；结合Python语言和Qt De? signer软件开发了相应的设计计算软件，对新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的内力进行求解。结果表明：提出的新结构抗冲击性能好，构件受力均匀；以后设计中应关注竖杆的剪切脆性破坏和立柱偏心受力情况，保证结构安全；变形协调仅使底层张弦梁与竖杆内力偏大，实际工程应用时，应着重验算底层构件，防止其破坏；文中提出的简化计算方法能较准确的反映结构的受力特性，具有一定的合理性，研究可为新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的设计计算和推广应用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

基于离子束溅射Ta2O5薄膜的紫外吸收膜技术

为获得高性能紫外激光薄膜元件,急需研制紫外高反射吸收薄膜,实现吸收损耗的精确测量。本文采用离子束溅射技术,通过调控氧气流量实现了具有不同吸收的Ta_2O_5薄膜的制备。以Ta_2O_5薄膜作为高折射率材料,设计了355nm的紫外高反射吸收薄膜。采用离子束溅射沉积技术,在熔融石英基底上制备了355nm的吸收薄膜,对于A=5%的紫外吸收光谱,在355nm的透射率、反射率和吸收率分别为0.1%,95.0%和4.9%;对于A=12%的紫外吸收光谱,在355nm的透射率、反射率和吸收率分别为0.1%,87.4%和12.5%。实验结果表明,采用离子束溅射沉积技术,可以实现不同吸收率的355nm高反射吸收薄膜的制备,对于基于光热偏转测量技术的紫外光学薄膜弱吸收测量仪的定标具有重要的意义。