Effects of feeding bentonite clay upon ochratoxin A–induced immunosuppression in broiler chicks

A presence of mycotoxins in feed is one of the most alarming issues in the poultry feed industry. Ochratoxins, produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species, are important mycotoxin regarding the health status of poultry birds. Ochratoxins are further classified into to several subtypes (A, B, C, etc) depending on their chemical structures, but ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered the most important and toxic. Bentonite clay, belonging to phyllosilicates and formed from weathering of volcanic ashes, has adsorbent ability for several mycotoxins. The present study was designed to study the effects of bentonite clay upon OTA-induced immunosuppression in broiler chicks. For this, 480 day-old broiler chicks were procured from a local hatchery and then different combinations of OTA (0.15, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg) and bentonite clay (5, 10, and 20 g/kg) were incorporated into their feed. At 13, 30, and 42 days of age, parameters such as antibody responses to sheep red blood cells, in situ lymphoproliferative responses to mitogen (PHA-P), and in situ phagocytic activity (i.e., via carbon clearance) were determined respectively. The results indicated there was a significant reduction of total antibody and immunoglobulin titres, lymphoproliferative responses, and phagocytic potential in OTA-treated birds, suggesting clear immunosuppression by OTA in birds in a dose-dependent manner. These results were also significantly lower in all combination groups (OTA with bentonite clay), suggesting few to no effects of feeding bentonite clay upon OTA- induced alterations in different immune parameters.     

杏酒澄清工艺的响应面法优化

以凯特杏为原料酿造杏酒，加入皂土进行澄清处理，在单因素试验基础上，以澄清温度、澄清时间、皂土添加量为变量，以透光率为响应值，用响应面分析法进行澄清工艺的优化，并对澄清后杏酒的稳定性、理化指标和感官特性进行测定。结果表明，杏酒的最佳澄清工艺为澄清温度24 ℃、皂土添加量0.5 g/L、澄清时间2.5 d。在此澄清工艺下，杏酒透光率可达97.60%，澄清后杏酒稳定性良好，还原糖由4.52 g/L降至3.75 g/L，总酸由5.25 g/L降至4.69 g/L，酒精度由14.7%vol降至13.2%vol，总酚含量由169.25 mg/L降至142.38 mg/L，蛋白质含量由1.18 g/L降至1.06 g/L。澄清后的杏酒澄清透明，有光泽，香气更加优雅，酒体更加平衡，感官评分由79分升至87分。     

Modification of Bentonite and Its Application in Antimicrobial Material

This paper aims to expand the application scope of bentonite. The structure of bentonite and the purification and pretreatment methods performed before its modification were reviewed. The modification of bentonite and its application in antibacterial materials were emphasized.     

膨润土复合絮凝剂制备及造纸黑液治理

针对碱法麦草浆造纸黑液的特殊性质，介绍一种用钙基膨润土制备高效复合絮凝剂的方法．经试验研究．优选出了制备时的最佳工艺条件；产品经应用于此类黑液的处理絮凝．取得了较好的效果。     

用武钢程潮铁精矿生产氧化球团试验研究

以程潮磁铁精矿为原料，膨润土为粘结剂，制作了氧化球团矿。实验研究了铁精矿的造球性能以及氧化球团和的焙烧性能，冶金性能，实验结果表明，程潮铁精矿（-0.074mm颗粒大于71％）的适宜造球条件为：膨润土用量2．5％，水分含量8．5％－9．0％，造球时间30min以上。     

平凉钙基膨润土干法钠化工艺研究

采用干法工艺,对甘肃平凉膨润土进行钠化改性,分别从不同钠化剂(碳酸钠、氯化钠、氢氧化钠)的选择和配比、钠化高混时间、自然放置时间等因素对钠化土性能的影响进行了研究.用FT IR和XRD对钠化土进行分析,结果表明,钠化土在不改变原土结构的同时发生了阳离子交换,层间距明显增大.     

膨润土及改性产品在环境工程中的应用

本文介绍了膨润土及其改性产品作为吸附剂在工业废水处理、土壤和地下水污染的防止及修复、放射性废物的处理等环境问题中的最新应用，并指出存在的问题和发展方向。     

辽源市灯塔乡膨润土开发利用实验研究

对辽源市灯塔乡境内膨润土进行了系列开发实验研究,得出了最佳工艺参数。     

矿物无机凝胶制备及其应用

钙、镁基膨润土经剥片、纯化、改型、改性等加工处理,制成在建筑涂料、石油、纺织、日化、医药、农药、环保、国防等多种行业中应用的矿物无机凝胶。本文简述了矿物无机凝胶研究制备工艺及其应用。     

改性膨润土处理含汞废水

用硫酸对天然膨润土进行改性，研究了酸改性膨润土处理含Hg^2＋废水的适宜条件。结果表明：当Hg^＋初始浓度为1mg/L时，用土量为10g/L，pH值=8，振速150r/min，吸附时间90min，酸改性膨润土对Hg^2＋的去除率可达97.1%。处理后Hg^2＋残留浓度低于国家规定的一级排放标准。