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In the present work, we report a chemically modified polyacrylamide/silica nanoporous composite adsorbent for the removal of reactive black 5 (RB5) azo dye from aqueous solutions. The composite adsorbent was synthesized in a packed bed and modified by ethylenediamine (EDA). The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermoporometry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical stability of the adsorbent was examined in a packed bed by following the back-pressure of the column. Pore diameter of the composite adsorbent in dry and wet states was estimated to be about 18.71 nm and 12.61 nm, respectively. Adsorption experiments were performed in batch mode and effect of various operational parameters on the adsorption capability of the adsorbent was studied systematically. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified composites was found to be 454.5 mg RB5/g of adsorbent. The equilibrium data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, BET and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models and found to fit well to the BET isotherm. The data kinetically followed the pseudo-second-order model. High adsorption capacity, fast removal mechanism, and good mechanical stability are three advantages of the presented composite for the removal of RB5. 相似文献
3.
Prediction of methane adsorption content in continental coal-bearing shale reservoir using SLD model
Shale gas, as an important unconventional resource, has drawn global attention. It is mainly composed of adsorption gas and free gas. Adsorption gas content could play an important guiding role on both the selection of favorable perspective area and the exploration and exploitation of shale gas resources. In order to accurately measure adsorption gas content, a new approach was established to predict the adsorption isotherm of methane on shale. Based on the simplified local-density (SLD) method, both the adsorption isotherms of illite, illite/smectite mixed-layer, cholorite and type III kerogen and the total shale rock could be well fitted. The fitting results show good coincidences with the true experimental test data, which proves the method is reasonable and dependable and the prediction results are effective and credible. In addition, the good simulation results show that the SLD parameters can reflect the pore structure characteristics and corresponding adsorption characteristics of the shale samples, which can be used for the quantitative characterization of shale pore system. 相似文献
4.
油页岩矿物质催化半焦燃烧特性及机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用微型流化床反应分析仪(MFBRA)研究了油页岩矿物质催化半焦燃烧特性,重点考察了半焦内部矿物质和外部页岩灰床料对半焦燃烧的催化作用,揭示了流化床反应器中半焦燃烧过程和机理。结果表明:内部矿物质和外部床料对半焦燃烧均具有明显催化作用,而两者共同催化效果最为显著。矿物质中CaO和Fe2O3对半焦燃烧具有催化活性,CaO催化作用强于Fe2O3。油页岩半焦燃烧反应活化能在60.41~78.97 kJ/mol之间,矿物质的催化作用会明显降低反应活化能。流化床反应器中,矿物质对半焦燃烧的催化作用主要表现在四个反应,即:挥发分裂解和燃烧、半焦表面炭燃烧、半焦内部炭燃烧以及一氧化碳燃烧。 相似文献
5.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(7):9256-9262
Foam ceramics with high strength were successfully fabricated by using sand shale and steel slag as the major materials and SiC as foam agent. The influence of raw materials ratio and heat treatment temperatures on crystalline phases, porosity, mechanical properties and pore structures was investigated via XRF, XRD, SEM, DTA-TG, Micro-CT. The results indicate that the raw materials composed of 94 wt% sand shale and 6 wt% steel slag enable the fabrication of foam ceramics possessing strength of 29.98 MPa, bulk density of 0.821 g/cm3, total porosity of 67.22%, closed porosity of 55.27% and thermal conductivity of 0.08 W/(m·K). Micro-CT result shows that the pores with an average size of 267.05 μm are isolated. Pore wall thickness conforms to normal distribution, and it ranges from 18 to 42 μm. The superior property makes it promising high-strength and lightweight material in application fields, including thermal insulation materials and lightweight building materials. 相似文献
6.
PETROLEUM POTENTIAL, THERMAL MATURITY AND THE OIL WINDOW OF OIL SHALES AND COALS IN CENOZOIC RIFT BASINS, CENTRAL AND NORTHERN THAILAND 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Oil shales and coals occur in Cenozoic rift basins in central and northern Thailand. Thermally immature outcrops of these rocks may constitute analogues for source rocks which have generated oil in several of these rift basins. A total of 56 oil shale and coal samples were collected from eight different basins and analysed in detail in this study. The samples were analysed for their content of total organic carbon (TOC) and elemental composition. Source rock quality was determined by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis. Reflected light microscopy was used to analyse the organic matter (maceral) composition of the rocks, and the thermal maturity was determined by vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. In addition to the 56 samples, VR measurements were carried out in three wells from two oil‐producing basins and VR gradients were constructed. Rock‐Eval screening data from one of the wells is also presented. The oil shales were deposited in freshwater (to brackish) lakes with a high preservation potential (TOC contents up to 44.18 wt%). They contain abundant lamalginite and principally algal‐derived fluorescing amorphous organic matter followed by liptodetrinite and telalginite (Botryococcus‐type). Huminite may be present in subordinate amounts. The coals are completely dominated by huminite and were formed in freshwater mires. VR values from 0.38 to 0.47%Ro show that the exposed coals are thermally immature. VR values from the associated oil shales are suppressed by 0.11 to 0.28%Ro. The oil shales have H/C ratios >1.43, and Hydrogen Index (HI) values are generally >400 mg HC/g TOC and may reach 704 mg HC/ gTOC. In general, the coals have H/C ratios between about 0.80 and 0.90, and the HI values vary considerably from approximately 50 to 300 mg HC/gTOC. The HImax of the coals, which represent the true source rock potential, range from ~160 to 310 mg HC/g TOC indicating a potential for oil/gas and oil generation. The steep VR curves from the oil‐producing basins reflect high geothermal gradients of ~62°C/km and ~92°C/km. The depth to the top oil window for the oil shales at a VR of ~0.70%Ro is determined to be between ~1100 m and 1800 m depending on the geothermal gradient. The kerogen composition of the oil shales and the high geothermal gradients result in narrow oil windows, possibly spanning only ~300 to 400 m in the warmest basins. The effective oil window of the coals is estimated to start from ~0.82 to 0.98%Ro and burial depths of ~1300 to 1400 m (~92°C/km) and ~2100 to 2300 m (~62°C/km) are necessary for efficient oil expulsion to occur. 相似文献
7.
采用物质的相变吸热原理,可以将高温环境传人保温箱的热量重新排回至高温环境,有效地提高了保温箱的抗高温能力,并对保温箱的隔热性能做了简单的理论推算和测温反向试验。温度测试仪选用超低功耗CPU,具有体积小、耗电少的优点,使黑匣子高温测试仪在运行过程中具有很好的安全可靠性。 相似文献
8.
油基钻井液的封堵性能研究与应用 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
在涠洲12-1北油田一期工程中使用油基钻井液后事故率明显降低,但仍未能彻底解决涠二段硬脆性泥页岩井壁稳定性问题。对进一步加强油基钻井液的封堵能力进行了室内研究。通过在油基钻井液中引入超微细颗粒材料、纤维材料、变形材料和粘弹性材料,可大幅度提高其封堵能力。在涠洲12-1北油田二期工程中应用了加强封堵能力的油基钻井液,结果钻井施工非常顺利,几乎无井下复杂事故。室内评价及二期工程实践结果表明,增强油基钻井液的封堵能力对保持硬脆性泥页岩井壁稳定至关重要。 相似文献
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