Electrophoretic co-deposition of Bi2O3–multiwalled carbon nanotubes coating as supercapacitor electrode

Nafion is suggested as an efficient assistant in preparing supercapacitor by employing nanoparticles. In this work, using a bi-additive of 0.10-mM NaOH + 0.10 g L⁻¹ Nafion, Nafion-assisted electrophoretic co-deposition of Bi₂O₃–multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coating is successfully realized in ethanol solvent. The capacitance performances of the electrophoretic coatings in 6.0-M KOH electrolyte are investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques. Comparing with Bi₂O₃ coating prepared with electrophoretic deposition (EPD) by employing other additive (such as polyethyleneimine), the Bi₂O₃ coating prepared by Nafion-assisted EPD shows a better capacitance performance. Benefiting from the improvement in coating conductivity caused by MWCNTs, with a small additional amount of 4.0 wt.%, the Bi₂O₃–MWCNTs coating exhibits an amazing 164% increase of mass-specific capacitance (473 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹) in comparison with pure Bi₂O₃ coating (179 F g⁻¹ at the current density of 1.0 A g⁻¹). The cyclic stability test exhibits excellent capacitance retention of 88.7% over 3000 cycles at a constant current density of 10.0 A g⁻¹. This work combines the advantages of MWCNTs, Nafion, and EPD to provide a facile route for preparing Bi₂O₃-based coating as a high-performance supercapacitor electrode.     

Characterization of La0.995Ca0.005NbO4/Ni anode functional layer by electrophoretic deposition in a La0.995Ca0.005NbO4 electrolyte based PCFC

The Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) technique has been applied to the preparation of a porous La_0.995Ca_0.005NbO₄/Ni composite anode layer, deposited on a porous pre-sintered La_0.995Ca_0.005NbO₄/Ni support. Powders of La_0.995Ca_0.005NbO₄ and NiO were suspended in a solution of acetylacetone, iodine and water. Selectivity in the composition of the deposited layer was analyzed as a function of the suspension compositions and deposition conditions. A quasi-symmetrical cell was produced by depositing La_0.995Ca_0.005NbO₄ electrolyte layer on the anode layer by EPD, and by applying a porous La_0.995Ca_0.005NbO₄/Ni counter electrode on the dense electrolyte layer by brushing. The performance of the electrodes was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3% wet H_2.     

Development of an extremely thin grinding-tool for grinding microgrooves in optical glass

This study presents a novel and economical method for precisely developing an extremely thin diamond grinding wheel-tool and using the finished tool to fabricate crisscross microgrooves on optical glass in situ. The wheel-blank is made of diamond grain of 0-2 μm via a developed micro co-deposition process. Micro w-EDM is employed for truing and dressing to thin the wheel-tool, which is mounted on a high-speed spindle. The finished grinding wheel is not unloaded; it is directly utilized to grind the micro crisscross grooves on optical glass. The experimental results show that desirable geometric and dimensional accuracy, as well as microgroove surface roughness can be achieved. In addition, the paper considers life expectancy for the designed wheel-tool and grinding-edge designs for cutting different shaped grooves.     

Influence of electrodeposition parameters of Ni–W on Ni cathode for alkaline water electrolyser

In this study, different Ni–W coatings, obtained by cheap and technologically simple electrodeposition method, were examined as potential electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). All electrodepositions were done on a Ni mesh substrate from ammoniacal-citrate bath containing different concentrations of Na₂WO₄. The influence of deposition parameters, such as deposition current density, pH and composition of ammoniacal-citrate bath on electrocatalytic activity of obtained Ni–W coatings toward HER was examined by polarization curve measurements in 6 M KOH at room temperature. The morphology and tungsten content of the Ni–W coatings were investigated by means of SEM and EDS analysis. All investigated electrodes have shown high electrocatalytic activity for the HER. The samples obtained at higher deposition current densities had the lowest overvoltage for the HER. It has been shown that the plating bath pH value is very important parameter in obtaining active coatings. Results of the analysis of polarization curves, morphology of deposited Ni–W coatings and the content of tungsten in the coatings, indicate that the surface roughness of the coatings is responsible for their catalytic activity towards HER.     

Mg-Ni合金的电沉积研究

采用电沉积的方法从非水体系和水体系中制备出镁-镍合金, 并且制备了氢氧化镍。X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析结果表明, 两种体系的沉积层均含有黑色非晶态的镁-镍合金, 呈结瘤状的微观形貌。初步研究了沉积机理以及镁-镍合金的电化学性能, 结果表明, 镁镍合金在两种体系中沉积析出电位均为-2.0 V(vs SCE), 沉积过程不可逆, 非水体系的沉积较水体系困难。水体系脉冲条件下沉积的镁-镍合金氧化还原可逆性良好, 其氢扩散系数很大, 与氢氧化镍组成电池的工作电压较大, 是一类良好的镍氢电池负极材料。     

碱性电镀锌镍合金的研究

采用恒电流沉积方法和X射线能谱(EDS)技术,研究了碱性Zn-Ni合金的主要电沉积工艺参数对镀层组成的影响规律,获得了Ni含量稳定为(11~13)mass%的Zn-Ni合金镀层,证实了Zn-Ni合金的共沉积过程遵循异常共沉积机制。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对优化的Zn-Ni合金镀层进行了表征,发现镀层主要具有γ相(NiZn₃)结构,其表面平整、致密、光亮;腐蚀测试表明Zn-Ni合金镀层具有优良的耐蚀性能。     

DZ125合金表面Ce-Y改性铝化物渗层的组织及抗冲蚀性能

通过扩散渗法在DZ125合金表面制备了Ce-Y联合改性铝化物渗层,分析了共渗层的结构及相组成,并对其组织形成机理和抗冲蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明:1000℃/2 h下所制备的Al-Ce-Y共渗层具有多层结构,由外向内依次为Ni Al和少量Al_3Ni_2组成的外层,Al_3Ni_2内层及富Al的互扩散层,Ce、Y元素主要集中在共渗层的外层,起到细化晶粒及促渗的作用。固体粒子冲蚀结果表明:Al-Ce-Y共渗显著的提高了DZ125合金在小攻角下的抗固体粒子冲蚀性能,冲蚀机理为犁削和切削损伤;随着攻角的增大,Al-Ce-Y共渗层的冲蚀率逐渐增大,冲蚀机理向脆性断裂和疲劳破坏转变,当攻角为90o时,其冲蚀率高于DZ125基体。     

纳米-Al2O3颗粒对镍电结晶初期阶段的影响

利用循环伏安(CV)、计时安培(CA)和电化学阻抗(EIS)研究了纳米Al2O3颗粒在不同电位(vs.SCE)下对Ni自硫酸盐镀液在铜基体上电沉积的影响。结果表明,Ni-Al2O3体系共沉积的起始电位为:–740mV左右;在不同的电位下,纳米-Al2O3颗粒对镍沉积过程的影响有所差别;在电位–740～–830mV范围,与纯Ni沉积相比较,Ni-Al2O3体系沉积的峰电流所对应的孕育期tm明显缩短,反映Al2O3颗粒在阴极表面有利于镍沉积成核,且促进了电结晶成核。Al2O3颗粒吸附在阴极表面可能会阻碍部分离子电荷放电和物质传输过程,尤其在电位–250～–650mV范围,致使Ni-Al2O3体系沉积阻抗增加。在较高的过电位下,Al2O3颗粒的促进作用有所减弱,许多颗粒堆积在电极表面上还可能减小Ni-Al2O3沉积的还原反应电流。在电位–890mV,Ni-Al2O3体系电沉积初期阶段的成核过程基本遵循三维的Scharifker-Hill瞬时成核模式。     

Ti-Nb-Si基高温合金表面包埋Si-Cr共渗涂层的组织

采用Si-Cr包埋共渗法在Ti-Nb-Si基高温合金表面制备了Cr改性的硅化物涂层,共渗温度为1250和1300℃,时间为10h。利用SEM,EDS和XRD等检测手段分析了涂层的结构、元素分布及相组成等,并对涂层的形成机理进行了讨论。结果表明:Si-Cr共渗温度为1250℃时,降低渗剂中的催化剂NaF含量会降低Si和Cr的反应扩散速度并且改变了涂层的结构和相组成。催化剂NaF含量为8wt%,涂层外层由(Nb,Ti)Si2及少量(Ti,X)5Si3(X代表Nb,Cr和Hf等元素)组成,中间层由(Ti,X)5Si4组成,过渡层由(Nb,Ti)5Si3组成;降低NaF含量至5wt%,Si-Cr共渗温度仍为1250℃时,涂层外层由(Ti,X)5Si3组成,且有较多孔洞出现,中间层为(Ti,X)5Si4,而过渡层很薄。与渗Si涂层相比,Si-Cr共渗涂层中的裂纹明显减少,但在涂层外层存在较多孔洞且涂层厚度明显减小。提高包埋共渗温度至1300℃时,Cr的反应扩散速度得到提高,且在涂层外层出现了(Nb1.95Cr1.05)Cr2Si3三元相。