晶粒尺寸对GH720Li镍基合金蠕变-疲劳寿命的影响

为探明晶粒尺寸对涡轮盘材料—GH720Li镍基高温合金的蠕变-疲劳寿命的影响机理,开展了650℃下不同晶粒尺寸的GH720Li高温合金圆棒蠕变-疲劳试验研究。GH720Li高温合金的蠕变-疲劳寿命随着晶粒尺寸的减小而降低。而后,通过断口的SEM分析研究晶粒尺寸对GH720Li高温合金的蠕变-疲劳损伤影响机制。其失效机制主要为晶界的氧化起裂,而晶界长度随晶粒尺寸变小而增加。最后,对基于迟滞能量的损伤方程和机械功密度2种方法进行了修正,GH720Li合金的蠕变-疲劳寿命预测与试验结果吻合较好,验证了方法的准确性。     

GH33A合金在蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展特性

通过对 GH33A 合金在蠕变与疲劳复合加载条件下的系列试验,发现拉伸保时使蠕变与疲劳发生了交互作用,加快了疲劳裂纹扩展速率,加速裂纹早期进入失稳扩展,大大降低了疲劳寿命。GH33A 合金具有良好的抗蠕变裂纹扩展能力,但疲劳裂纹扩展阻力较低。由此讨论了拉伸保时对裂纹扩展的影响,并对在蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展模型作了探讨。     

蠕变－疲劳交互作用对高温低周疲劳寿命影响

多维应力状态下蠕变 疲劳交互作用对疲劳寿命(疲劳总寿命和裂纹扩展寿命)影响的研究表明,2.25Cr 1Mo材料无保持周期应变控制的疲劳总寿命和裂纹扩展寿命可用其疲劳成分、蠕变成分和蠕变 疲劳交互作用成分3者的非线性组合来表征,即整个试样的失效过程中存在着蠕变 疲劳交互作用,且其蠕变和疲劳之间是正交互作用。由于这种蠕变 疲劳正交互作用的存在导致了试样或构件的疲劳总寿命和裂纹扩展寿命的降低。利用Matlab对试验结果进行非线性多元回归,得到了用疲劳成分、蠕变成分和蠕变 疲劳交互成分表征的疲劳总寿命方程,定量地表征了该材料蠕变 疲劳交互作用下的疲劳总寿命和裂纹扩展寿命。     

High temperature low cycle fatigue

Fatigue at high temperature is a complex phenomenon as it is influenced by a number of time-dependent processes which become important at elevated temperatures. These processes include creep, oxidation, phase instabilities and dynamic strain ageing (DSA), acting either independently or synergistically influence fatigue behaviour, often lowering the fatigue life. Current design approaches employ linear summation of fatigue and creep damage with suitable factors on permissible damage to take care of uncertainties in interaction between cyclic and time-dependent processes. It is, therefore, important to develop a deeper understanding of the processes that occur during high temperature fatigue so that realistic life predictions could be made. Results on the high temperature fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels, ferritic steels and nickel base alloys are presented here. The important mechanisms of interaction of high temperature time-dependent processes with fatigue under various conditions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on cyclic stress response, fatigue life, deformation substructure and fracture behaviour. This is followed by a review of important life prediction techniques under combined creep-fatigue loading conditions. Life prediction techniques considered here include linear damage summation, strain range partitioning, ductility exhaustion approach, frequency modified and frequency separation methods, techniques based on hysteresis energy and damage rate models, and methods based on crack-cavitation interation models.     

DD3单晶镍基合金蠕变—疲劳及寿命预测

从应变范围区分法(SRP),应变能区分法(SEP)的有关概念出发,研究DD3单晶镍基合金拉—拉应力状态下的蠕变—疲劳性能和保持时间的影响,并对其进行了定量计算;同时,用应变能区分法的数值法(SEP—NCM)实现对拉—拉应力状态下蠕变—疲劳的寿命预测。     

MULTIAXIAL CREEP-FATIGUE LIFE EVALUATION UNDER PROPORTIONAL LOADING

A new method was proposed for the multiaxial creep-fatigue life evaluation under proportional loadings. Because this method was derived from the strain range partitioning method with a multiaxiality factor, it was possible to consider the influence of both creep-fatigue interaction and multiaxial stress state on fatigue life. In order to predict the combined axial-torsional fatigue life the damage under combined loading was defined as linear summation of the damages under axial loading and torsional loading. Axial-torsional creep-fatigue tests were carried out using tubular specimens of 316LC austenitic stainless steel and the ferritic rotor steel. This rotor steel was developed for the permanent magnet type eddy current retarder in heavy trucks. Experimentally obtained lives of both steels were well corresponded with the lives predicted by the proposed method. It was found that the proposed method was effective in multiaxial fatigue life evaluation under proportional creep-fatigue Ioadings.     

Effect of strain waveform on creep-fatigue life for Sn–8Zn–3Bi solder

This paper describes the creep‐fatigue life of Sn–8Zn–3Bi under push–pull loading. Creep‐fatigue tests were carried out using Sn–8Zn–3Bi specimens in fast–fast, fast–slow, slow–fast, slow–slow and hold–time strain waveforms. Creep‐fatigue lives in the slow–slow and hold‐time waveforms showed a small reduction from the fast–fast lives but those in the slow–fast and fast–slow waveforms showed a significant reduction from the fast–fast lives. Conventional creep‐fatigue life prediction methods were applied to the experimental data and the applicability of the methods was discussed. Creep‐fatigue characteristics of Sn–8Zn–3Bi were compared with those of Sn–3.5Ag and Sn–37Pb.     

Influence of hold type and duration on cyclic deformation behaviour of IN740H

The superimposition of time-dependent damage on fatigue, otherwise, known as creep-fatigue interaction (CFI), significantly affect the fatigue life of power plant boiler components. IN740H is a candidate material for advanced ultra-supercritical (A-USC) boilers components. The creep-fatigue interaction of alloy IN740H was studied at 760°C, by conducting low cycle fatigue (LCF) at a strain amplitude (Δ?_t/2) value of 0.4% and holding at peak strain in tension, compression and both for 0, 1, 5, 10 and 30?min duration. Though hold time adversely affects fatigue life, tensile hold is the most damaging of all three hold modes. The reason behind maximum damage with tensile hold is grain boundary cavitations and coalescence of cavities leading to internal cracks formation at grain boundaries.     

Advanced constitutive modelling for creep-fatigue assessment of high temperature components

Creep-fatigue assessment procedures for the design of high-temperature components should ensure lifetime predictions which are safe but not excessively conservative. Adoption of more accurate assessment procedures than are presently available enable the availability of power plant with greater operating flexibility. Operating flexibility is becoming a key market driver due to the increased interest in the use of intermittent renewable energy sources (e.g. wind, solar) which place focus on a requirement for turbo-machinery to be capable of reduced start-up and shut-down times. This study introduces a creep-fatigue assessment procedure for the design of high-temperature components required for flexible operation. In particular, it considers alloys with high creep-fatigue deformation/damage interaction characteristics such as the advanced martensitic 9–11%Cr steels which are widely used for power plant applications. The procedure takes advantages of advanced constitutive models and implements them in a state-of-the-art mechanical assessment procedure for calculating high-temperature component life times.     

P92钢蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展行为EI北大核心CSCD

在630℃下,对P92钢进行应力控制下的蠕变-疲劳交互作用实验,研究P92钢高温蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的裂纹扩展行为,并结合断口形貌分析蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展的机理以及a-N曲线的转折点含义。结果表明:P92钢在蠕变-疲劳交互作用下的断裂属于蠕变韧性断裂,应该用(C_t)_(avg)作为裂纹扩展的断裂参量;P92钢在蠕变-疲劳交互条件下,试样的断口主要表现为蠕变孔洞以及微裂纹。此外,发现a-lg(N_i/N_f)曲线以及(da-dN)-N曲线中的拐点,分别对应蠕变-疲劳裂纹萌生区向扩展区转变周次以及扩展区向瞬断区转变的周次。