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《Advanced Powder Technology》2022,33(12):103855
In a narrow channel, the apparent relative viscosity of a suspension with finite-size particles is strongly dependent on its microscopic particle arrangement. Relative viscosity increases when suspended particles flow near the channel wall; thus, a suspension in a narrow channel does not always exhibit the same rheological properties even if the concentration is the same. In this study, we focus on the inertia and concentration of particles in a narrow channel and consider their effects on the microscopic particle arrangement and macroscopic suspension rheology. Two-dimensional pressure-driven suspension flow simulations were performed using a two-way coupling scheme, and normalized particle density distribution (PDD) were implemented to consider their particle arrangements. The results demonstrated that the velocity profiles for the particle suspension were changed by the Reynolds number and particle concentration because of the interactions between particles according to the power-law index. These changes affected the particle equilibrium positions in the channel, and the subsequent changes in solvent layer thickness caused changes in the macroscopic apparent viscosity. The behavior of microscopic particles played important roles in determining macroscopic rheology. Thus, we have confirmed that a normalized PDD can be used to estimate and assess the macroscopic rheology of a suspension. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(87):36926-36952
The ohmic resistance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) mainly comes from the electrolyte, which can be reduced by developing novel electrolyte materials with higher ionic conductivity and/or fabricating thin-film electrolytes. Among various kinds of thin-film fabrication technology, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method can reduce the electrolyte thickness to a few micrometers and mitigate the issues associated with high-temperature sintering, which is necessary for wet ceramic methods. This review summarizes recent development progress in thin-film electrolytes fabricated by the PVD method, especially pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering. At first, the importance of the substrate surface morphology for the quality of the film is emphasized. After that, the fabrication of thin-film doped-zirconia and doped-ceria electrolytes is presented, then we provide a brief summary of the works on other types of electrolytes prepared by PVD. Finally, we have come to the summary and made perspectives. 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(61):25595-25607
Electrolysis of water for producing hydrogen instead of traditional fossil fuels is one of the most promising methods to alleviate environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this work, Fe and F ion co-doped Ni3S2 nanoarrays grown on Ni foam substrate were prepared by typical hydrothermal and sulfuration processes for the first time. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrate that the adsorption energy of the material to water is greatly enhanced due to the doping of F and Fe, which is conducive to the formation of intermediate species and the improvement of electrochemical performance of the electrode. The adsorption energy of anions (F and S) and cations (Fe and Ni) to water in each material was also calculated, and the results showed that F ion showed the most optimal adsorption energy of water, which proved that the doping of F and Fe was beneficial to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode. It is worth noting that the surface of Fe–F–Ni3S2 material will undergo reconstruction during the process of water oxidation reaction and urea oxidation reaction, and amorphous oxides or hydroxides in situ would be formed on the surface of electrode, which are the real active species. 相似文献
5.
采用2mT低磁场(low magnetic field,LMF)冷冻、0mT磁场(no magnetic field,NMF)冷冻和常规冷冻(conventional freezing,CF)技术对3 组鲢鱼肌原纤维蛋白进行为期28 d的冷冻实验。通过表面疏水性、巯基含量、溶解度、浊度、热稳定性、傅里叶变换红外光谱、内源性荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱各项指标考察蛋白的结构和功能性质变化。结果表明:施加低磁场冷冻可以抑制蛋白聚集和内部疏水基团的暴露,且能抑制α-螺旋的展开,减弱α-螺旋向β-折叠转变的能力,并维持良好的二、三级结构稳定性;CF组的蛋白总巯基含量、溶解度和浊度与NMF组相比无显著差异,由于冷冻温度较低,对蛋白聚集和内部疏水基团的暴露有一定的抑制作用,同时也使得蛋白结构变得松散不稳定;与CF组相比,LMF组同样显示出对蛋白的结构和功能有较好的保护和改善作用。总体来说,低磁场冷冻可以抑制肌原纤维蛋白变性并维持良好的结构和功能,且与常规冷冻(-30 ℃)相比,低磁场冷冻(-20 ℃、2 mT)可以节约10 ℃的冷冻温差,预测其具有一定的节能潜力。 相似文献
6.
Najiba Hasan Hamad 《亚洲传热研究》2022,51(5):3794-3814
Classical Fourier's theory is well-known in continuum physics and thermal sciences. However, the primary drawback of this law is that it contradicts the principle of causality. To explore the thermal relaxation time characteristic, Cattaneo–Christov's theory is adopted thermally. In this regard, the features of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convective flows of Casson fluids over an impermeable irregular sheet are revealed numerically. In addition, the resulting system of partial differential equations is altered via practical transformations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. An advanced numerical algorithm is developed in this respect to get higher approximations for temperature and velocity fields, as well as their corresponding wall gradients. For validating our numerical code, the current outcomes are compared with the available literature results. Moreover, it is revealed that the velocity field is more prominent in the suction flow situation as compared with the injection flow case. It is also found that the Casson fluid is hastened in the case of lower yield stress. Larger values of thermal relaxation parameters create a lessening trend in the temperature distribution and its related boundary layer breadth. 相似文献
7.
以青海的黑枸杞为主要原料,以植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)为发酵菌种,制备黑枸杞乳酸菌饮料,并采用单因素试验和响应面试验优化其发酵工艺条件。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为固液比1∶25(g∶mL),植物乳杆菌接种量2.0%,发酵时间6 h,装液量40%。在此最佳条件下,黑枸杞乳酸菌饮料感官评分为9.3分,总糖含量为0.17 mg/mL,总酸含量为1.69 g/L,花青素含量为52.75 mg/L、总黄酮含量为0.07 mg/mL、总酚含量为0.99 mg/mL。 相似文献
8.
Muhammad Yazid Samatra Nor Qhairul Izzreen Mohd Noor Umi Hartina Mohamad Razali Jamilah Bakar Sharifudin Md. Shaarani 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(4):3153-3176
Gelatin is one of the most important multifunctional biopolymers and is widely used as an essential ingredient in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. Porcine gelatin is regarded as the leading source of gelatin globally then followed by bovine gelatin. Porcine sources are favored over other sources since they are less expensive. However, porcine gelatin is religiously prohibited to be consumed by Muslims and the Jewish community. It is predicted that the global demand for gelatin will increase significantly in the future. Therefore, a sustainable source of gelatin with efficient production and free of disease transmission must be developed. The highest quality of Bovidae-based gelatin (BG) was acquired through alkaline pretreatment, which displayed excellent physicochemical and rheological properties. The utilization of mammalian- and plant-based enzyme significantly increased the gelatin yield. The emulsifying and foaming properties of BG also showed good stability when incorporated into food and pharmaceutical products. Manipulation of extraction conditions has enabled the development of custom-made gelatin with desired properties. This review highlighted the various modifications of extraction and processing methods to improve the physicochemical and functional properties of Bovidae-based gelatin. An in-depth analysis of the crucial stage of collagen breakdown is also discussed, which involved acid, alkaline, and enzyme pretreatment, respectively. In addition, the unique characteristics and primary qualities of BG including protein content, amphoteric property, gel strength, emulsifying and viscosity properties, and foaming ability were presented. Finally, the applications and prospects of BG as the preferred gelatin source globally were outlined. 相似文献
9.
Mengyang Li Shuanshi Fan Yanhong Wang Xuemei Lang Gang Li Shenglong Wang Chi Yu 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(10):e17823
Natural gas hydrate nucleation is a complex physical and chemical process that is not well understood presently. In this article, an improved thermodynamic model is proposed to analyze the effects of surface curvature and wettability on methane hydrate nucleation for the first time. The results indicate that methane hydrate nucleation is more difficult on hydrophilic curvature surfaces under the same conditions, with a larger critical nucleation radius and required energy barrier than on hydrophobic surfaces. Furthermore, a convex surface is more favorable for forming methane hydrate under the same conditions than a concave surface. The model's results are critical in elucidating the microscopic mechanism of methane hydrate nucleation and providing a theoretical foundation for developing technologies for strengthening and inhibiting hydrate formation. 相似文献
10.