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1.
为了提高微波辅助磨矿的适用性,以红透山铜矿和思山岭铁矿为研究对象,分别采用微波、盐酸溶液、草酸溶液及其组合的方式对矿石进行预处理。对比了7种预处理方式下矿石的升温特征、表面形态、磨矿效果,并通过介电常数、波速、微观照片揭示矿石的劣化机理。试验结果表明:铜矿和铁矿浸酸后介电常数减小,导致微波作用下升温速率降低,温度分布更加均匀。铜矿经过盐酸-微波处理,表面有灼烧痕迹,而经过微波-盐酸处理,表面产生裂纹,矿物边界明显。铁矿微波辐射后表面颜色变黄,酸处理后颜色还原。7种预处理方式中,微波-盐酸联合作用磨矿效果最佳,铜矿和铁矿的质量折减百分比分别为15%和14.5%,相比于未处理矿石,磨矿产物质量分别提高58%和78%。微观照片和波速测试结果表明微波照射后矿石产生明显的裂纹,再经盐酸浸泡后,裂纹宽度进一步加大,并在裂纹中产生沉淀物。研究表明,微波与盐酸联合作用可以进一步弱化矿石,提高磨矿效果。  相似文献   
2.
The ohmic resistance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) mainly comes from the electrolyte, which can be reduced by developing novel electrolyte materials with higher ionic conductivity and/or fabricating thin-film electrolytes. Among various kinds of thin-film fabrication technology, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method can reduce the electrolyte thickness to a few micrometers and mitigate the issues associated with high-temperature sintering, which is necessary for wet ceramic methods. This review summarizes recent development progress in thin-film electrolytes fabricated by the PVD method, especially pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering. At first, the importance of the substrate surface morphology for the quality of the film is emphasized. After that, the fabrication of thin-film doped-zirconia and doped-ceria electrolytes is presented, then we provide a brief summary of the works on other types of electrolytes prepared by PVD. Finally, we have come to the summary and made perspectives.  相似文献   
3.
蜂窝蓄热体对于改善空气燃烧过程,降低NOx起着至关重要的作用。本文通过Pointwise和Fluent软件建立了蜂窝蓄热体三维数值模型,从不同的换向时间、孔型、边长、材料的角度对比了蜂窝蓄热体的换热特性,并对实际工作中节能效率进行了理论计算。结果显示,当换向时间从15s增长到45s时,正方形蓄热体的温度效率从78.5%降低到63.1%。当边长、壁厚相同时,圆形蓄热体的温度效率最高,压降也最大;六边形蓄热体的温度效率最低,但压降最小。总结发现,孔隙率的减小可以有效的提高温度效率,但是同时会增大流动的压力损失。在实际应用中可据此选择合适的孔隙率。同时得到,在实际运行中,当a=2mm时,圆形蓄热体的节能效率最高(26.9%),六边形节能效率最低(24.4%)。  相似文献   
4.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(7):6251-6260
Poor udder health status can have a detrimental effect on milk yield and reproductive performance, leading to reductions in the dairy farm profit. The objective of this retrospective longitudinal study was to assess the associations of somatic cell count (SCC) with daily milk yield and reproductive performance. A database with 1,930,376 lactations from 867 Argentinean grazing dairy herds records collected for 14 years was used. The association of the evolution of SCC (healthy vs. new case vs. cured vs. chronic; with 150,000 SCC/mL as threshold) and of the severity of SCC [mild (150,000­–400,000 SCC/mL) vs. moderate (400,000–1,000,000 SCC/mL) vs. severe (>1,000,000 SCC/mL)] with the odds for conception were estimated. Finally, the associations of the linear score of SCC (LS-SCC) with daily milk yield were estimated depending on parity and milk production quartile. The odds ratios (CI 95%) for conception at first service were 0.921 (0.902–0.941), 0.866 (0.848–0.884), and 0.842 (0.826–0.859) for the new case, cured, and chronic cows compared with healthy cows, respectively. Also, the odds ratios (CI 95%) for conception were 0.902 (0.881–0.925), 0.837 (0.808–0.866) and 0.709 (0.683–0.736) for mild, moderate and severe cases compared with healthy cows, respectively. An increase of one point of LS-SCC was associated with decreases of 0.349, 0.539, and 0.676 kg in daily milk yield for first-, second-, and third-lactation cows, respectively. In conclusion, SCC is negatively associated with the risk for conception and with daily milk yield in grazing dairy cows. This negative relationship with conception is higher when SCC increase occurs after the service date and it is influenced by severity of mastitis, and in the case of milk yield, the negative association is influenced by parity, milk production quartile, and severity of mastitis.  相似文献   
5.
为了解决某甲乙酮装置的丁烯水合进料泵(P-101)在运行中存在的效率衰减问题,前期从机械角度出发,对拆解前后的进料泵进行了水力试验,发现流道结垢是造成问题的直接原因,故需要定期对该泵进行除垢。为进一步解决该问题,结合生产工艺,分析了流道结垢的组成和来源,发现循环丁烯介质中携带的聚合物和弱酸性水腐蚀碳钢设备是造成效率衰减的根本原因。对该泵进口的脱丁烯塔回流罐(V-102)实施改造后,衰减速率明显改善,解决了长期困扰甲乙酮装置的不达产问题。  相似文献   
6.
中国是世界上水资源供需矛盾最突出的国家之一,水资源作为人类生存、社会经济发展的必备资源,一直处于被过度开发利用的状态。文章对长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率进行研究,首先基于水资源效率的内涵,引入环境污染等负面因素,对工业水资源绿色效率进行重新界定,对水资源绿色效率的内涵进行补充,其次通过理论分析与实证分析相结合的方式,了解工业水资源绿色效率的影响因素和时空特征,以此来探讨长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率的提升方法。文章在蓝水足迹与灰水足迹概念的基础上,通过运用三阶段超效率SBM模型和Malmquist-Luenberger指数分解法,选择工业从业人员(劳动)、工业固定资产投资(资本)、蓝水足迹(自然资源)作为投入变量,将工业增加值作为期望产出变量,将灰水足迹作为非期望产出变量,构建了工业水资源绿色效率的指标体系,并对长江经济带11省市2009—2019年的工业水资源绿色效率进行了测算。结果表明,长江经济带整体和区域的蓝水足迹具有波动性,灰水足迹呈下降趋势。在剔除环境因素和随机误差后,发现环境因素对纯技术效率的抑制作用较为明显,规模效率和综合技术效率还有一定的提升空间。全要素生产率指数呈现上升趋势,虽然影响全要素生产率指数变化的因素在各个省份、不同阶段有所不同,但整体上长江经济带工业水资源绿色效率的主要驱动因素源于技术进步。因此建议长江经济带的不同省份可以结合各自的产业特点,发挥各个区域的资源禀赋,通过产业上下游供应链结合等方式来提高规模效率、加强区域合作,通过投入产出要素的优化提高效益、减少水污染。  相似文献   
7.
A novel spiral micromixer with sinusoidal channel walls was designed to enhance the mixing index in the low to intermediate Reynolds number range (1 < Re < 100). To analyze the fluid flow, a set of numerical simulations were performed using the finite-difference method. The microchip was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane, employing the soft-lithography technique. The degree of mixing was increased by 99.11 % when using the proposed micromixer, compared to 59.44 % for a simple spiral micromixer. The introduced microchannel drastically reduced the mixing length, increasing the mixing index of a 0.5-loop spiral-sinusoidal microchannel compared to that of the simple spiral microchannel with 1.5 loops. The mixing index of the 3-loop mixer was higher than that of the microchannel with 1.5 loops, and its pressure drop was increased.  相似文献   
8.
The introduction of catalyst on anode of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been an effective way to alleviate the carbon deposition when utilizing biogas as the fuel. A series of La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xNixO3-δ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) oxides are synthesized by sol-gel method and used as catalysts precursors for biogas dry reforming. The phase structure of La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xNixO3-δ oxides before and after reduction are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The texture properties, carbon deposition, CH4 and CO2 conversion rate of La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xNixO3-δ catalysts are evaluated and compared. The peak power density of 739 mW cm?2 is obtained by a commercial SOFC with La0.6Sr0.4Co0.4Ni0.6O3-δ catalyst at 850 °C when using a mixture of CH4: CO2 = 2:1 as fuel. This shows a great improvement from the cell without catalyst for internal dry reforming, which is attributed to the formation of NiCo alloy active species after reduction in H2 atmosphere. The results indicate the benefits of inhibiting the carbon deposition on Ni-based anode through introducing the La0.6Sr0.4Co0.4Ni0.6O3-δ catalyst precursor. Additionally, the dry reforming technology will also help to convert part of the exhaust heat into chemical energy and improve the efficiency of SOFC system with biogas fuel.  相似文献   
9.
Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are commendable semipermeable barriers for water treatment. Although conventionally immiscible interfaces between aqueous and organic solutions are widely utilized for obtaining TFC membranes, interfacial polymerization still suffers from the issues of harmful solvents, complex diffusion/reaction of the reactants, and thermodynamic and kinetic instability of interfaces. In this study, vapor-phase polymerization with no requirements for organic solvent and immiscible interface is utilized for processing TFC nanofiltration membranes. Through cross-linking of β-cyclodextrin and piperazine layers by trimesoyl chloride vapor, polyester and polyamide TFC membranes with high cross-linking degree are simply prepared in a scalable and reproducible manner. The prepared TFC membranes exhibit stable nanofiltration and desalination performance for all water, organic solvent, and water–organic mixture systems, with permeance up to an order of magnitude higher than that of commercial membranes.  相似文献   
10.
徐明  邵明飞  刘清雅  段雪 《化工进展》2022,41(3):1121-1124
无机金属碳酸盐是一类具有高附价值和地球储量丰富的矿物质资源,且碳酸盐热分解是制备金属氧化物的主要途径。但是,该类反应通常需要在高温、氧气气氛下焙烧获得,从而造成大量二氧化碳排放,与其相关的碳排放总量超过了全国工业碳排放的50%。为了解决这一问题,无机金属碳酸盐加氢热分解逐渐引起关注。本文首先介绍了碳酸盐加氢热分解的研究进展,进一步结合本文作者课题组近期关于电解水制氢和碳酸盐加氢还原的最新成果,提出电解水制氢耦合碳酸盐还原的观点,其有望成为制备金属氧化物的新型技术路线,对我国重排放过程工业的减排增效具有借鉴意义。  相似文献   
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