Robust Metallic Actuators Based on Nanoporous Gold Rapidly Dealloyed from Gold–Nickel Precursors

Dealloyed nanoporous gold (np-Au) has applications as oxygen reduction catalysis in Li-air batteries and fuel cells, or as actuators to convert electricity into mechanical energy. However, it faces the challenges of coarsening-induced structure instability, mechanical weakness due to low relative densities, and slow dealloying rates. Here, monolithic np-Au is dealloyed from a single-phase Au₂₅Ni₇₅ solid-solution at a one-order faster dealloying rate, ultra-low residual Ni content, and importantly, one-third more relative density than np-Au dealloyed from conventional Au₂₅Ag₇₅. The small atomic radius and low dealloying potential of the sacrificing element Ni are intrinsically beneficial to fast produce high relative density np-Au, as predicted by a general model for dealloying of binary alloys and validated by experiments. Stable, durable, and reversible actuation of np-Au takes place under cyclic potential triggering in alkaline and acidic electrolytes with negligible coarsening-induced strain-shift. The thermal and mechanical robustness of bulk np-Au is confirmed by two-order slower ligament coarsening rates during annealing at 300 °C and 45 MPa macroscopic yielding strength distinctive from the typical early onset of plastic yielding. This article opens a rich direction to achieve high relative density np-Au which is essential for porous network connectivity, mechanical strength, and nanostructure robustness for electrochemical functionality.     

Structural insights into peptide self-assembly using photo-induced crosslinking experiments and discontinuous molecular dynamics

Determining the structure of the (oligomeric) intermediates that form during the self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptides is challenging because of their heterogeneous and dynamic nature. Thus, there is need for methodology to analyze the underlying molecular structure of these transient species. In this work, a combination of fluorescence quenching, photo-induced crosslinking (PIC) and molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the assembly of a synthetic amyloid-forming peptide, Aβ_16-22. A PIC amino acid containing a trifluormethyldiazirine (TFMD) group—Fmoc(TFMD)Phe—was incorporated into the sequence (Aβ*_16–22). Electrospray ionization ion-mobility spectrometry mass-spectrometry (ESI-IMS-MS) analysis of the PIC products confirmed that Aβ*_16–22 forms assemblies with the monomers arranged as anti-parallel, in-register β-strands at all time points during the aggregation assay. The assembly process was also monitored separately using fluorescence quenching to profile the fibril assembly reaction. The molecular picture resulting from discontinuous molecule dynamics simulations showed that Aβ_16-22 assembles through a single-step nucleation into a β-sheet fibril in agreement with these experimental observations. This study provides detailed structural insights into the Aβ_16-22 self-assembly processes, paving the way to explore the self-assembly mechanism of larger, more complex peptides, including those whose aggregation is responsible for human disease.     

粒度级配对神华煤成浆特性影响的试验研究

为了研究粒度级配对神华煤成浆特性的影响,通过筛分和干法调浆,探讨了不同粒度分布煤粉的成浆性,结果表明:在添加剂用量为0.3%(干基/干煤)时,具有连续级配特征的原始煤粉可制备出质量分数为61%的煤浆;利用筛分法,分别去除原始煤粉中0.045 mm以下、0.045 mm^0.15 mm、0.15 mm^0.3 mm和0.045 mm^0.3 mm部分,得到4种具有不连续级配特征的样品,其所制煤浆流变性发生了较大变化,其中去除0.045 mm^0.3 mm部分的样品的成浆质量分数提高了3个百分点,在黏度符合要求的前提下流动性大幅提高;连续级配和非连续级配的煤浆均存在黏度与流动性不统一的现象,当级配中粗细颗粒粒径差较大且细颗粒含量达到一定值时,这种现象更加明显。采用粒度级配技术制浆,其细颗粒含量存在一个合理的区间。     

Effect of aging time on discontinuous precipitates,continuous precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy

The evolution of precipitates and mechanical properties of AZ80A magnesium alloy with aging time was studied by in situ observation with SEM, TEM and tensile testing. The results show that the continuous precipitation (CP) phases near the reaction front (RF) are replaced by the discontinuous precipitation (DP) phases at the early aging stage. In DP regions, the elliptical phases coarsen obviously with the increase of aging time, which results in a slightly slow reduction of the intracrystalline hardness of DP regions. In CP regions, some small plate phases reprecipitate simultaneously with the growth of the initial precipitates, which contributes to a slight increase in the intracrystalline hardness in CP regions at the later aging stage. The aging hardening of DP regions is faster and stronger than that of CP regions. However, the age strengthening of CP regions not only compensates for the overaging softening of DP regions but also improves the strength of the alloy.     

横向间断肋条湍流减阻大涡模拟分析

目的 通过改变肋条结构，提高传统肋条的减阻效果。方法 基于Walsh肋条减阻实验，利用LES理论的WALE模型以及PISO算法，对传统连续肋条及新型间断肋条进行了仿真模拟计算，其中梯度求解基于Green-Gauss节点格式，压力求解采用二阶格式，动量方程求解采用中心差分格式，时间离散采用二阶隐式格式。通过对比分析两种不同肋条结构流场湍流流动的细节及肋条的减阻率，探究新型肋条结构的减阻作用和机理。结果 LES方法准确地再现了Wlash实验的流场细节及计算结果，相同计算条件下，传统连续肋条表面摩擦减阻率和黏性减阻率均为4.641%，而新型间断肋条表面摩擦减阻与黏性减阻率高达9.317%和6.306%。结论 新型间断肋条相较于传统连续肋条的表面摩擦减阻率和黏性减阻率皆得到了较大的提升。新型间断肋条具有较高的减阻率是由于横向肋条阻断作用使得大涡旋受到抑制而分裂成较小的涡旋，降低了近壁面流体的流速，减弱了湍流扰动对流体的影响，使低速流体更加稳定的发展。     

可再分散乳胶粉的制备研究

本文介绍了建筑材料用可分散乳胶粉的制备方法,测试了乳液的不同性能。用激光粒度测试仪测定其粒度分布情况,并表征了乳胶粒子的形态,详细分析了乳胶粒子的形成机理。     

非连续断层破裂红外辐射与声发射、应力场的对比研究

应用RFPA^2D程序模拟雁列和共线非连通两种非连续断层的应力场和声发射场，并与相同条件下的热红外辐射成像试验进行对比，分析非连续断层的温度场与应力场及声发射场之间的关系。研究结果表明：数值试验的声发射与实际试验中的热红外辐射温度具有类似的时序变化阶段和空间演化特征。通过对热红外图像与应力场的比较以及对裂纹破裂模式的分析，讨论试件各裂纹表现出的红外辐射特征差异，以进一步了解非连续断层的破裂过程和破裂机制。     

块状结构岩体在一般水压分布模式下的不连续变形分析

提出了三维不连续变形分析方法中地下水压力的模拟方法。并通过钻孔水位观测数据插值拟合地下水位面,建立了作用在任意形状块体单元表面上的一般水压分布模式,利用最小势能原理推导了水压力荷载对三维不连续变形分析方法总刚矩阵的贡献。地下水对滑坡稳定性影响的算例分析表明该方法是有效的。     

钢筋混凝土构件的界面元分析

概述了钢筋混凝土结构的有限元模型,针对有限元法模拟钢筋和混凝土两种介质交界面上不协调位移的不足之处,引入界面应力元法,简述了界面应力元法的基本原理,提出了钢筋混凝土结构的界面应力元模型,并通过算例验证界面元法分析的正确性。