Microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy during complex thixoextrusion

7075 aluminum alloy was used to obtain elbow parts by complex thixoextrusion and the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during this process were studied by SEM, TEM and other analytical methods. The results show that different parts in 7075 aluminum alloy show quite different microstructures. The microstructure of the thin walls formed by back-extrusion is stratified, and the bottom of the parts formed by angular extrusion is obviously deformed. Shear forces contribute to the crushing of grains and the coarse second phase. The main strengthening phases in the material are η phase and E phase, whose amounts greatly decrease during heating to semi-solid and thixoextrusion. After heat treatment, they can precipitate evenly to improve the mechanical properties of the material. The average tensile strength of whole part after thixoextrusion and heat treatment is 485.49 MPa, while the average elongation is 5.49%.     

入口弯管对矿用轴流通风机气动性能影响的数值研究

以某大型矿用低压轴流式通风机为研究对象, 采用气体动力学性能试验和数值模拟的方法研究了不同入口弯管对风机性能的影响, 重点分析了入口弯管引起的叶轮内部流动特征和损失分布的变化规律。研究结果表明, 风机入口采用弯管连接缩短了进口管道的轴向长度, 节省了地下空间, 但同时来流的均匀性受到影响。弯管内气流速度梯度较大, 管道内侧易发生流动分离, 产生回流区, 增大了流体流动时的能量损失, 风机的整体性能下降。弯管与叶轮入口之间的连接长度会影响内部流场, 当附加直管段较长时, 来流均匀性得到提高, 风机性能有所改善。     

基于DSMC-CFD方法的气固两相流冲蚀预测研究

目的 研究气固两相流中固体颗粒间碰撞对冲蚀的影响。方法 使用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法，将气相作为连续相，通过Navier-Stokes方程求解，颗粒平移运动由离散相模型（DPM）求解。颗粒间碰撞运动采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗（DSMC）方法进行模拟，用少量采样颗粒代替真实颗粒计算颗粒间碰撞，碰撞的发生条件通过修正的Nanbu方法判定，碰撞过程遵循颗粒间碰撞动力学模型，采用Grant-Tabakoff随机颗粒-壁面碰撞反弹模型，计算颗粒与壁面的碰撞运动。将颗粒运动信息导入5种不同的冲蚀模型，并将计算与未计算颗粒间碰撞的冲蚀预测模拟结果与实验数据进行对比。结果 颗粒间碰撞位置主要分布在90°弯头外拱侧的颗粒高浓度区，随着颗粒质量流量的增大，颗粒碰撞次数增加，且直管段中碰撞次数占比增大。随着入口速度的增大，颗粒碰撞次数减少。使用DSMC-CFD方法计算的最大冲蚀位置沿弯管外拱轴线向高角度方向偏移，且数值比忽略颗粒间碰撞的CFD方法约低5%~15%，总冲蚀率则两者区别不大。结论 引入DSMC方法计算颗粒间的碰撞，可以节省大量算力。弯管处发生颗粒间碰撞，DSMC-CFD冲蚀预测方法更符合实际，使用DSMC-CFD方法的Oka模型与实验测得值最贴近。     

考虑流固耦合的双弯头压裂管汇的振动特性

高压压裂过程中,压裂车与交流管汇相连接的弯头极易因管汇的剧烈振动发生疲劳损坏,降低了弯头的使用寿命。为此,基于流固耦合理论,推导了高压弯管的运动方程,对弯头在波动流作用下的流体力学模型和固体运动模型引入摩擦耦合因素,并运用ANSYS Workbench软件进行仿真计算,分析了双弯头的连接角度、弯管的壁厚、曲率半径等参数对弯管固有频率的影响,通过现场实测数据对仿真计算结果进行了验证。结果表明:(1)双弯头连接角度对固有频率影响较大;(2)双弯头固有频率随着弯头内径的增大近似线性增大,随着弯头曲率半径的增大而减小。结论认为,(1)双弯管连接角度介于75°~105°更有利于减小管汇的振动强度,弯管的振动强度最大可减小约30%;(2)在流固耦合的作用下,双弯头弯管的固有频率随弯管内径的增长呈近似线性增长的关系,压裂现场压力为60 MPa左右时应选取内径为?101.4 mm(4 in)的压裂管线;(3)在压裂现场激振频率不高的情况下,弯管内径为70 mm时,弯管的曲率半径应该尽量控制在160 mm左右。     

高压弯管压裂液两相流模拟及流固耦合分析

弯管作为高压管汇的组成部分,发生冲蚀磨损和变形失效情况比直管更加严重,因此对高压管汇弯管部位压裂液固液两相流动及流固耦合效应进行分析具有重要意义。鉴于此,将弯管作为分析对象,采用RANS方法及标准k-ε湍流模型,得到压裂液在弯管中固液两相流压力、速度及颗粒质量浓度分布情况,并通过双向流固耦合技术分析了支撑剂质量浓度、流速及颗粒粒径等因素对弯管剪应力大小及变形的影响。研究结果表明:在弯头部位存在较大的压力和流速梯度,且支撑剂颗粒主要聚集于弯头外侧,该区域存在较大的剪应力和变形;随着支撑剂质量浓度和流速的增加,流固耦合效果越明显,弯管剪应力和变形程度增加,其中流速能显著影响弯管流固耦合程度;随着支撑剂粒径的增大,弯管的流固耦合程度先增大后减小。研究结果可为现场压裂液的设计提供参考。     

直埋敷设蒸汽管道的介绍

对直埋蒸汽管道的结构、特点进行了介绍 ,从防腐、保温、固定支座、弯头、疏水、补偿器、透气管等方面阐述了蒸汽钢套管敷设的技术要求及其广阔的发展远景。     

大型输水弯管结构有限元分析

弯管结构是输水管道工程中实现高低管道连接的重要部分,其结构形式和受力都比较特殊。结合一具体工程,对大型弯管结构的计算方法进行了讨论,并建立有限元模型对其应力进行了计算分析,给出了相应的结论和建议以指导设计。     

Numerical analysis of piping elbows for in-plane bending and internal pressure

This work presents the development of two different finite piping elbow elements with two nodal tubular sections for mechanical analysis. The formulation is based on thin shell displacement theory, where the displacement is based on high-order polynomial or trigonometric functions for rigid-beam displacement, and uses Fourier series to model warping and ovalization phenomena of cross-tubular section. To model the internal pressure effect an additional formulation is used in the elementary stiffness matrix definition. Elbows attached to nozzle or straight pipes produce a stiffening effect due to the restraint of ovalization provided by the adjacent components. When submitted to any efforts, the excessive oval shape may reduce the structural resistance and can lead to structural collapse. For design tubular systems it is also important to consider the internal-pressure effect, given its effect on the reduction of the pipe flexibility. Some conclusions and examples are compared with results produced by other authors.     

短半径厚壁弯头成型工艺研究

短半径弯头成形变比很大,故采用两次热压方式成形,本文采用新钢种A335P92,介绍了其加工性能并对原来使用的厚壁弯头热压成形工艺提出了改进方法,改进后的厚壁弯头热压成形工艺具有减少模具制造成本、成形操作简单、降低劳动强度和提高成形质量的优点。     

Effects of different loads on structure deformation of “L”‐type large‐diameter buried pipe network based on flow–heat–solid coupling

Large‐diameter buried pipelines are widely used because of their energy‐saving advantages and high efficiency. In this paper, an “L”‐type heat pipe network was taken as the research object and was studied using the flow–heat–solid coupling method. The ANSYS Workbench platform was used to simulate heat transfer and the flow of the medium in the pipe network. The pressure and temperature of the flow field and the temperature and deformation of the solid structure under different conditions were calculated. Additionally, the deformation characteristics of the pipe network under coupled and noncoupled loads were compared. Results show that the maximum deformation was located at the corner of the elbow near the long‐arm region. The deformation of the inner wall was larger than that of the outer wall at the same position. The deformation of the pipe network was mainly affected by the pressure of the fluid. The deformation of the pipe network was influenced by the temperature and pressure loads coupled, and the coupling effect was stronger with the higher pressure and temperature of the medium. However, the coupling effect had limits.