浅析电镀行业的清洁生产方案

文章通过对广东省内11家电镀企业的清洁生产审核,总结并筛选电镀行业的清洁生产方案,为电镀行业实施清洁生产提供了参考依据,有助于电镀行业清洁生产审核的顺利开展.     

镀锌层银盐黑色钝化故障处理

给出了镀锌层银盐黑色钝化的工艺流程及配方,介绍了钝化液中各组分的作用。分析了钝化过程中的常见故障及解决方法,提出了钝化时的注意事项。     

一种代铬镀层的微观组织和耐磨机理

一种新的铬替换材料已经被研制成功.通过X射线衍射仪,透射电子显微镜和表面分析仪器研究了这种新镀层在不同温度下的结构.结果表明,新的镀层由非晶、微晶和金属间化合物组成.这样的组织对于提高其耐磨性非常有利,工业试验证明,与原镀铬层相比用于凹版印刷缸表面的代铬合金使用寿命延长了3倍.     

印制电路板通孔的电镀技术

印制板通孔的金属化是一个极其复杂的过程,它涉及到去残渣、活化、化学镀铜和电镀铜,为了得到品质优良的产品,必须严格控制每一项操作。本文通过对生产现场易出现的问题,提出了对上述各工序管理的注意点。     

MEMS电磁执行器CoNi MnP永磁体阵列的制备

永磁材料在微电子机械系统 (MEMS)器件中具有重要的应用价值 ,例如微型开关、微型继电器以及微泵、微阀中作电磁执行器等。本文介绍了CoNiMnP永磁体阵列的制备技术 ,给出了工艺制备的实验条件 ,并利用SEM分析了阵列的表面形貌 ,电子能谱分析了永磁材料组分。实验结果表明 ,得到了很好的CoNiMnP永磁体阵列结构 ,具有较高的矫顽磁力的材料组分比例 :Co 85 %、Ni14 %。     

Electron beam braze-welding of vanadium alloy to stainless steel with electroplated Cu/Ag coatings

Cracks may easily occur in the fusion weld between vanadium alloys and stainless steel due to the brittle intermetallics and welding stress.The high vacuum electron beam braze-welding has been successfully used to join vanadium alloy(V-5Cr-5Ti) to stainless steel(HR-2) with electroplated Cu and Ag coating.To investigate the effects of electroplated coating on the weldability,the joint appearance,the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the joints have been thoroughly analyzed.The results show that the joint surface configuration was good and root reinforcement was full and smooth.A reaction zone(RZ) was gained on the interface between the VSCrSTi alloy and HR-2 stainless steel base metals.The width of reaction zone at the top of the joint was up to 0.65 mm,wider than that in the bottom of the joint(0.46 mm).The reaction zone consisted of considerably smaller dendritic structures with an average grain size of less than 10 μm.Element Ag and Cu almost enriched the interface between V-5Cr-5Ti alloy substrate and RZ,serving as a physical barrier which decreases or avoids the formation of intermetallics.The maximum tensile strength of vanadium alloy/stainless steel dissimilar alloy joint was more than 300 MPa.The joint was defects free.     

用电镀方法在贮氢合金粉末表面包覆铜的探索

设计了一种专用电镀装置：阳极为石墨或不锈钢等制成的不溶性阳极；阴极为贮氢合金粉末和承接部分组成的复合阴极；还有保证阴阳极相对运动的机械传动部分——供液和供料部分。采用特殊的电镀方法对贮氢合金粉末进行包覆Ｃｕ处理：随着阴阳极的相对运动，合金粉末和电镀液一起进入阴阳极之间，电镀液在粉末的间隙中流动，在电场作用下Ｃｕ２＋在粉末的表面放电而沉积，获得均匀镀层。主要工艺参数为：电压６Ｖ～１２Ｖ，电流密度２０Ａ／ｄｍ２～４０Ａ／ｄｍ２，阴阳极相对运动速度２ｍ／ｍｉｎ～４ｍ／ｍｉｎ。此方法易于控制铜的包覆总量，制成的镀铜贮氢合金电极具有较好的充放电循环稳定性和较高的电化学容量。     

清洁镀铬用紫色硫酸铬

紫色硫酸铬是一种新型清洁镀铬（Cr^3 镀铬）的原料，在镀铬中显示了优良的性能，特别是镀液无需预电解处理亦能得到满意镀层这一实验结论，使清洁镀铬工艺实现工业生产又向前迈进了一步，介绍了它的制法，技术要求，物相分析及使用效果。     

电镀综合废水处理技术

电镀行业普遍存在废水处理不够彻底的排放问题。针对这种现状，本文提出首先必须对生产线上的电镀废液进行种类及清污分流，并应用化学絮凝—气浮法一体化的处理技术对综合废水进行处理。试运行情况表明，该处理技术易于控制、占地面积小、运行费用低，处理后的废水可以达到GB8978—1996二级标准，去除率在96％以上，并有65％以上的处理水可以回收利用。     

Enhanced Wear Resistant Nickel-based Alloy Coatings Produced by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Spraying

Three Ni-Cr based powders (Meteo 700, Armacor C and PSI-1) have been thermally sprayed using the HVOF process. The resultant deposits were then characterised using SEM, TEM and XRD. Microhardness surveys were carried out on the coatings together with abrasive wear tests. Coatings 250 μm thick, were produced with low oxides and porosity levels. The most consistent coatings were prepared from powder sources with a minimum particle size of 25 μm. Coating microstructures were either nano-crystalline or mixtures of amorphous and microcrystalline phases. Boron additions to the powder encouraged the formation of amorphous coatings and higher microhardness values i.e. > 675 Hv. The formation of boride precipitates in the coatings does not appear to raise their hardness as the precipitates were either of larger diameter > 500 nm or present in tow volume fractions. Limited amounts of oxides were produced in the coatings, e.g. as α-Cr₂O₃ or spinel oxide NiCr₂O₄ particularly at intersplat boundaries. Abrasive wear resistance of the PSI-1 coating was superior to the other two coatings because it contains more amorphous material. The combination of wear and corrosion resistance associated with these coatings may prove to be attractive in many applications where both these properties are needed, carbides and borides.