Genetic and genomic analysis of age at first insemination in Israeli dairy cattle

We performed a genetic analysis of age at first insemination, including estimation of the heritability and genetic correlations with other economic traits, and the consequences of including this trait in the Israeli selection index. The genetic factors affecting age at first insemination were determined via GWAS. Five data sets were analyzed. Data sets 1, 2, and 3 were used to compute variance components among age at first insemination, first calving age, days from first insemination to calving, and the 9 traits included in the Israel breeding index. Heritabilities for age at first insemination, calving age, and days from first insemination to calving in Israeli Holsteins as computed by REML individual animal model analyses of 273,239 Israeli Holstein cows were 0.072, 0.042, and 0.014. The estimated genetic correlation between the first 2 traits was 0.88. In addition to the fact that heritability of age at first insemination is 1.7 times the heritability for calving, the former trait has the advantage that the number of records is greater, and the records are generated earlier. Absolute values of the genetic and residual correlations between age at first insemination and the 9 traits included in the Israeli index were all less than 0.2. Data set 4 included first insemination dates of 1,181,600 calves born from 1985 through 2018. Genetic evaluations were computed by a single trait animal model. Annual phenotypic and genetic trends for age at first calving for calves born since 1985 were “positive,” that is, economically negative, at 0.320 ± 0.003 and 0.169 ± 0.005 d, respectively. Applying the GCTA-GREML software, 54% of variance in the transmitting ability of 1,585 sires could be explained by considering all 40,498 markers included in the GWAS analysis. The significant markers were mainly associated with milk production genes. The SNP UA-IFASA-8854 on chromosome 11 had the lowest probability value, 1.2 × 10^?24. This marker is located between the genes RETSAT and ELMOD3, both of which are overexpressed in human mammary glands. The gene RETSAT is reported to be essential for lipid accumulation and adipogenesis promotion. Gene enrichment analysis found that genes in the genomic region flanking significant markers are associated with vasopressin receptor activity, which was shown to mediate puberty in humans. If age at first insemination is included in the index with a weighting to account for 9% of the index, reductions of 2.8 and 2.6 d for age at first insemination and first calving age after 10 yr of selection are predicted, as compared with reductions of 1.4 and 1.1 d with the current index. Gains for the other index traits are only marginally affected. We suggest selection on age at first insemination as an alternative to selection for early calving.     

水-油连续螺旋折流板换热器热力性能研究

利用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamic, CFD)方法，针对连续螺旋折流板换热器建立物理模型和数学模型，在管侧介质为水和壳侧介质为原油条件下，研究不同原油流量及螺旋角对螺旋折流板换热器内部流场、换热性能及阻力性能的影响，并拟合了水油换热时螺旋折流板换热器的Nu、f与Re的关联式。结果表明：22°螺旋角的螺旋折流板换热器与其它较小螺旋角换热器对比，壳侧压降和换热系数逐渐减小，综合换热性能最佳。通过对壳侧原油为层流状态下的阻力系数和对流换热系数关系式进行拟合，更好地指导水-油连续螺旋折流板换热器的热力设计。     

Structural Cues for Understanding eEF1A2 Moonlighting

Spontaneous mutations in the EEF1A2 gene cause epilepsy and severe neurological disabilities in children. The crystal structure of eEF1A2 protein purified from rabbit skeletal muscle reveals a post-translationally modified dimer that provides information about the sites of interaction with numerous binding partners, including itself, and maps these mutations onto the dimer and tetramer interfaces. The spatial locations of the side chain carboxylates of Glu301 and Glu374, to which phosphatidylethanolamine is uniquely attached via an amide bond, define the anchoring points of eEF1A2 to cellular membranes and interorganellar membrane contact sites. Additional bioinformatic and molecular modeling results provide novel structural insight into the demonstrated binding of eEF1A2 to SH3 domains, the common MAPK docking groove, filamentous actin, and phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase IIIβ. In this new light, the role of eEF1A2 as an ancient, multifaceted, and articulated G protein at the crossroads of autophagy, oncogenesis and viral replication appears very distant from the “canonical” one of delivering aminoacyl-tRNAs to the ribosome that has dominated the scene and much of the thinking for many decades.     

Evaluation of adult and offspring thiamine deficiency in salmonine species from Lake Ontario

Thiamine Deficiency Complex (TDC) is an ongoing problem impacting salmonine health in various waterbodies, including Lake Ontario. The prevalence of TDC has been variable and explanations for differences are limited. In the current study, thiamine concentrations were measured in eggs, liver tissue, and muscle tissue sampled from brown trout (Salmo trutta), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (O. kisutch), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and steelhead trout (O. mykiss) that were collected from Lake Ontario and its surrounding tributaries. The occurrence of TDC was measured for each species based on TDC-induced offspring mortality rates under laboratory conditions. TDC-induced offspring mortality was observed for all species except brown trout. For affected species, egg free thiamine (Th) was consistently low compared to lake trout collected from Lake Superior that are considered thiamine replete. In addition, species with the lowest percentages of Th in their eggs were the most susceptible to TDC, suggesting that limited thiamine reserves in the form of Th may cause TDC-induced offspring mortality. Lastly, our results show that egg thiamine concentrations have yearly variation and increased for all species throughout the study. Reasons for such variation are undetermined; but, if egg thiamine concentrations continue to increase, the impacts of TDC on these salmonine species may lessen. Future monitoring is needed for determining if thiamine concentrations are increasing and the potential impacts that may have on the entire Lake Ontario fishery.     

高伸长率冷轧双相钢DP980显微组织及性能

摘要：为了进一步提高冷轧双相钢DP980的强塑性，采用低C-Si-Mn-Nb-Cr成分，通过调整连续退火工艺参数，系统研究了工艺组织性能的关系，利用OM、SEM、EBSD分析了不同退火温度条件下各相的比例、尺寸、形貌、分布，同时利用力学拉伸试验手段研究了连退两相区退火温度对强塑性的影响。结果表明，通过优化调整连续退火工艺，不仅可以在冷轧铁素体和马氏体双相钢的组织上获得少量的残余奥氏体，也能细化再结晶晶粒，最终获得ReL/Rm≤0.5、高伸长率A50≥15%的冷轧DP980，提高强塑性的同时改善了成型性能。     

高温除尘滤料性能检测及对比分析

针对工业除尘(燃煤电厂除尘为主)常用玻璃纤维、PPS纤维(聚苯硫醚)、丙烯腈共聚体纤维(亚克力)、聚酯纤维(涤纶)等4种材质的环保除尘滤料产品进行了测试分析,主要包括单位面积质量、透气率、断裂强力、断裂伸长率、连续工作温度下强力保持率、热收缩率、酸碱处理后断裂强力保持率、静态除尘效率等技术参数。结果表明:大多数滤料的单位面积质量超过800 g/m^2,最高为1253 g/m^2;滤料的透气率基本为2~5 m^3/(m^2·min);不同滤料的静态除尘效率最低为99.79%,最高达99.95%;酸碱处理后的测试结果表明滤料具有较好的耐酸腐蚀性,瞬时工作温度及连续工作温度24 h的断裂强力保持率满足技术要求且具有稳定的热收缩率。测试结果可为工业用户选择滤料提供依据。     

双相区加速冷却处理对X80管线钢组织与性能的影响

采用双相区加速冷却法(加速冷却始冷温度为700 ℃)对X80管线钢进行热处理,获得了贝氏体和铁素体(B+F)双相组织。然后通过组织表征、力学性能测试以及在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:热处理后获得的管线钢组织由板条状贝氏体、多边形铁素体及少量马氏体/奥氏体岛组成。与热处理前相比,(B+F)双相管线钢屈强比较低,为0.65,初始加工硬化指数为0.31,均匀伸长率达8.3%,塑性显著提升;双相组织中含有52.4%的铁素体,因而耐腐蚀性明显提高。通过双相区加速冷却法获得的(B+F)两相组织在塑变过程中发生协调变形,可以适应大变形的需求,同时耐蚀性优异,为大变形管线钢实际生产提供一定的借鉴。     

基于峰谷分时电价的虚拟电厂日前申报及运行优化

鉴于分布式能源的出力性质为间歇性和波动性,影响电网安全高效运行,而虚拟电厂可解决此问题。对虚拟电厂进行申报-调度两阶段建模,以包含分布式电源(光电、风电和燃气轮机)和储能系统(储能电池)两大类分布式能源的虚拟电厂为例,基于光照强度及风速等不确定因素,研究峰谷分时电价下日前市场虚拟电厂的出力申报和运行调度策略并利用风险价值模型进行风险管理。结果表明,申报出力时,当电价激励足够高时储能电池方会参与出力,成功起到削峰填谷的作用;运行调度时,平衡出力偏差方面,储能电池发挥主要作用,且虚拟电厂运行调度策略具有一定的经济效益。     

拉深筋对板材变形特征和力学性能的影响研究

采用实验方法将金属板材拉过不同尺寸的拉深筋镶块，分析了拉深筋高度、圆角半径以及过筋次数对板材变形特征的影响规律，研究了过筋产生的预应变对板材后续力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：板材流过拉深筋后，流动方向上发生均匀的拉伸变形；过筋产生的预应变随着拉深筋高度增大而增大，随着圆角半径增大而减小，随着过筋次数增加而近似线性增大；预应变越大，材料后续屈服强度和抗拉强度越高，但后续延伸率越小，总延伸率随着预应变增大表现出先减小后增大的趋势。     

厚煤层一次采全高煤壁失稳原因及控制技术

针对成庄煤矿四盘区层一次采全高煤壁失稳问题,对观测统计数据进行分析,发现片帮主要表现形式分五种:顶部、腰部、顶底部、底部以及斜切片帮,据此采用对顶板超前预爆破和煤壁超前预加固技术来控制大采高煤壁稳定性,不仅对煤壁失稳的控制取得了良好的效果,而且经济效益显著。可为相似条件下的厚煤层一次采全高煤壁失稳控制提供借鉴。