全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5397篇 |
免费 | 672篇 |
国内免费 | 140篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 52篇 |
综合类 | 249篇 |
化学工业 | 1303篇 |
金属工艺 | 750篇 |
机械仪表 | 139篇 |
建筑科学 | 398篇 |
矿业工程 | 367篇 |
能源动力 | 186篇 |
轻工业 | 504篇 |
水利工程 | 112篇 |
石油天然气 | 89篇 |
武器工业 | 11篇 |
无线电 | 173篇 |
一般工业技术 | 991篇 |
冶金工业 | 755篇 |
原子能技术 | 82篇 |
自动化技术 | 48篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 11篇 |
2023年 | 143篇 |
2022年 | 139篇 |
2021年 | 207篇 |
2020年 | 233篇 |
2019年 | 184篇 |
2018年 | 194篇 |
2017年 | 198篇 |
2016年 | 203篇 |
2015年 | 186篇 |
2014年 | 280篇 |
2013年 | 515篇 |
2012年 | 321篇 |
2011年 | 388篇 |
2010年 | 244篇 |
2009年 | 273篇 |
2008年 | 225篇 |
2007年 | 292篇 |
2006年 | 283篇 |
2005年 | 214篇 |
2004年 | 199篇 |
2003年 | 183篇 |
2002年 | 150篇 |
2001年 | 122篇 |
2000年 | 97篇 |
1999年 | 119篇 |
1998年 | 90篇 |
1997年 | 53篇 |
1996年 | 54篇 |
1995年 | 58篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 38篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 42篇 |
1990年 | 37篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有6209条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Developing non-platinum group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) represents the efforts towards the more economical use of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen energy, which has attracted tremendous attention recently. However, non-PGM electrocatalysts for the HOR are still in their early development stages as compared with the significant advances in those for the oxygen reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, this paper summarizes the recent progresses and highlights the key challenges for the rational design of non-PGM electrocatalysts, aiming to promote the development of non-PGM HOR electrocatalysts. Fundamental understandings of the HOR mechanism are firstly reviewed, where theoretical interpretations on the low HOR kinetics in alkaline media, including the hydrogen binding energy theory, the bifunctional mechanism, and the water molecule reorganization, are particularly discussed. Subsequently, progresses of typical non-PGM HOR electrocatalysts in acid and alkaline media are summarized separately. For the HOR under alkaline conditions, the superiorities and challenges of Ni-based catalysts are discussed with a particular focus as they are the most promising non-PGM electrocatalysts. Finally, this paper highlights the challenges and provide perspectives on the future development directions of non-PGM HOR electrocatalysts. 相似文献
2.
JAVARIA AFZAL XIUKANG WANG MUHAMMAD HAMZAH SALEEM XUECHENG SUN SHAHID HUSSAIN IMRAN KHAN MUHAMMAD SHOAIB RANA SHAKEEL AHMED SAMRAH AFZAL AWAN SAJID FIAZ OMAR AZIZ KASHIF ALI KUBAR SHAFAQAT ALI CHENGXIAO HU 《Biocell》2021,45(6):1631-1649
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as cadmium (Cd)] is becoming a serious global problem due
to rapid development of social economy. Iron (Fe), being an important element, has been found effective in enhancing
plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the extent to which different levels of
Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) modulated the Cd tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.), when maintained in artificially Cd
spiked regimes. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days, by using natural soil,
mixed with different levels of CdCl2 [0 (no Cd), 0.5 and 1 mg/kg] together with the exogenous application of FeSO4
at [0 (no Fe), 1.5 and 3 mg/kg] levels to monitor different growth, gaseous exchange characteristics, oxidative stress,
antioxidative responses, minerals accumulation, organic acid exudation patterns of O. sativa. Our results depicted that
addition of Cd to the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, gaseous exchange parameters,
mineral uptake by the plants, sugars (soluble, reducing, and non-reducing sugar) and altered the ultrastructure of
chloroplasts, plastoglobuli, mitochondria, and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed O. sativa compared to
those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. However, Cd toxicity boosted the production of
reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is the indication of
oxidative stress in O. sativa and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents and electrolyte leakage to
the membrane bounded organelles. Although, activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase
(SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants like
phenolics, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the
soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compared to those plants which
were grown without the addition of Cd in the soil. The negative impacts of Cd injury were reduced by the application
of FeSO4 which increased plant growth and biomass, improved photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant enzymes, minerals uptake together with diminished exudation of organic acids as well as oxidative stress indicators in roots and
shoots of O. sativa by decreasing Cd retention in different plant parts. These results shed light on the effectiveness of
FeSO4 in improving the growth and upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities of O. sativa in response to Cd
stress. However, further studies at field levels are required to explore the mechanisms of FeSO4-mediated reduction of
the toxicity of not only Cd, but possibly also other heavy metals in plants. 相似文献
3.
Single-metal high-temperature solid sorbents for syngas cleaning using Mn, Ca, Fe, Cu, or Mo supported on γ-Al2O3 were synthesized, characterized, and tested in a fixed-bed reactor. H2S and SO2 concentrations in the gas after treatment at T = 400 to 700 °C were compared with thermodynamic calculations. The Mn-based sorbent showed the best ability to achieve a low sulfur residual in the gas, especially at temperatures above 600 °C. Sorbents with Fe, Cu, and Mo gave SO2 formation in the initial phase, but this could be avoided by a pre-reduction treatment of the sorbent material. 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(70):30097-30106
In recent years, alternative renewable energy generation sources have been investigated, highlighting the dark fermentation process due to it’s potential to obtain hydrogen-rich gas, which can be used as an energy source. Different trace metals intervene in this biological process. Nickel is one of the most important because it is a component of the [Ni–Fe] hydrogenase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of H2 in numerous bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nickel on biohydrogen production from organic solid waste (OSW). The experimental setup was carried out in batch tests using OSW as the substrate, glucose as a reference compound and the valuation of Ni2+ doses on the operation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor. The results of the batch tests showed that when using glucose as a substrate, 2 mg Ni2+/g VSinoculum generated the highest hydrogen production (774 ± 7.3 mL H2/L/d) and highest yield (55.8 ± 3.4 mL H2/g of glucose), which was 34.4% higher than the control. Testing of different concentrations of nickel using OSW as a carbon source showed that the highest production was obtained without Ni2+ addition since the nickel concentration in the residue was 0.17 ± 0.06 mgNi/gVS; consequently, hydrogen production was not affected by the lack of Ni. The addition of 0.5 mg Ni2+/g VSinoculum decreased acetate and butyrate production and increased caproate production. 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(15):9283-9294
This study investigated the zinc oxide (ZnO) based heterojunction photocatalysts for improved hydrogen production from water splitting. A sol-gel route was adopted to produce terbium (Tb) and samarium (Sm) co-doped ZnO/CNTs composites where CNTs worked as a support material. The built-in redox couples of lanthanides in co-doped TS-ZnO/CNTs composite showed higher hydrogen evolution activity than Sm doped (Sm-ZnO/CNTs) and Tb doped (Tb–ZnO/CNTs) photocatalysts. When triethanolamine was utilized as a sacrificial agent, the TS-ZnO/CNTs photocatalyst result in a remarkable hydrogen evolution rate of 2683 molh?1g?1 under visible light illumination. The optimum photocatalyst also showed high stability over five successive hydrogen evolution cycles. The better hydrogen evolution rate with TS-ZnO/CNTs was referred to its fine particle size, high reactive surface area, small optical band gap, suppressed reunification of charge carriers and built-in redox couples. The photocatalytic mechanism, involved in water splitting with TS-ZnO/CNTs photocatalyst, is also deduced in this study. This study can stimulate the attempts towards construction of lanthanides based co-doped semiconductor photocatalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(72):30830-30842
Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are the primary greenhouse gases (GHGs) that drive global climate change. CO2 reforming of CH4 or dry reforming of CH4 (DRM) is used for the simultaneous conversion of CO2 and CH4 into syngas and higher hydrocarbons. In this study, DRM was investigated using Ag–Ni/Al2O3 packing and Sn–Ni/Al2O3 packing in a parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The performance of the DBD reactor was significantly enhanced when applying Ag–Ni/Al2O3 and Sn–Ni/Al2O3 due to the relatively high electrical conductivity of Ag and Sn as well as their anti-coke performances. Using Ag–Ni/Al2O3 consisting of 1.5 wt% Ag and 5 wt% Ni/Al2O3 as the catalyst in the DBD reactor, 19% CH4 conversion, 21% CO2 conversion, 60% H2 selectivity, 81% CO selectivity, energy efficiency of 7.9% and 0.74% (by mole) coke formation were achieved. In addition, using Sn–Ni/Al2O3, consisting of 0.5 wt% Sn and 5 wt% Ni/Al2O3, 15% CH4 conversion, 19% CO2 conversion, 64% H2 selectivity, 70% CO selectivity, energy efficiency of 6.0%, and 2.1% (by mole) coke formation were achieved. Sn enhanced the reactant conversions and energy efficiency, and resulted in a reduction in coke formation; these results are comparable to that achieved when using the noble metal Ag. The decrease in the formation of coke could be correlated to the increase in the CO selectivity of the catalyst. Good dispersion of the secondary metals on Ni was found to be an important factor for the observed increases in the catalyst surface area and catalytic activities. Furthermore, the stability of the catalytic reactions was investigated for 1800 min over the 0.5 wt% Ag-5 wt% Ni/Al2O3 and 0.5 wt% Sn-5 wt% Ni/Al2O3 catalysts. The results showed an increase in the reactant conversions with an increase in the reaction time. 相似文献
7.
8.
基于柠檬酸-铕金属有机纳米配体聚合物(citrate/europium lanthanide coordination polymer nanoparticles,Cit/Eu LCP NPs)构建快速检测肉品汤煲中5’-肌苷酸(inosine-5’-monophosphate,5’-IMP)的荧光探针。研究结果表明,5’-IMP对Cit/Eu?LCP?NPs有良好的荧光猝灭作用。在最佳条件下,该荧光探针在5’-IMP?2.5~200?μg/mL的质量浓度范围内呈现出良好的线性关系,检出限为0.17?μg/mL,且具备良好的抗干扰、稳定性和重复性。为了验证方法可行性,将该方法应用于实际鸡汤样品中的5’-IMP检测,测得加标回收率为97.85%~103.95%,可为快速检测肉品汤煲中5’-IMP提供新的思路和方法。 相似文献
9.
Sirshendu Guha 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(3):e17505
In continuation to my previous work (Guha S. AIChE J. 2013;59(4):1390-1399), in this work, effects of ionic migration are evaluated for disk region of a rotating ring disk electrode system by numerically solving complex differential equations, developed for mass transfer along with kinetic complication in presence of ionic migration under limiting current condition. The system for simulation is 0.01 M Fe2(SO4)3 solution with H2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. Simulation cases are presence and absence of ionic migration with kinetic complication (oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ under O2 pressure). Results show that concentration boundary layer thickness of reactant Fe3+ reduces appreciably and steady-state disk current reduces substantially in presence of migration. Simulated steady-state disk current in absence of migration case agrees well with published data. Results indicate higher Fe2+ concentration in presence of migration and thereby higher rate of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ at all rate constant values. 相似文献