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Upconversion phosphors are known as a material system that can convert near-infrared light into visible/ultraviolet emissions by sequentially absorbing multiple photons. The studies on upconversion materials often use two rare earth (RE) ions as a sensitizer-activator pair. We investigated the influences on luminescence intensity depending on Cr-doping content (x) of hexagonal NaLu0.98–xCrxF4Er0.02 (x = 0–0.9) upconversion material by substituting Lu3+ ions with Cr3+in the absence of Gd3+. The change in upconversion luminescence intensity appears with saddle-like shape. We suggest that Cr3+ ions play the dual role as a constituent in host lattice and a sensitizer in the upconversion process. Optimal conditions for gaining the strongest upconversion emission correspond to x = 0.3–0.5, where there are effective energy transfers between Cr3+ and Er3+ ions and CrEr dimers. Apart from these values, the emission intensity decreases rapidly which can be ascribed to the absence of multiple-photon absorption for the case of low Cr3+ contents, and to the coupling between Cr3+ and/or Er3+ ions for the case of high Cr3+ contents. Magnetization and electron-spin-resonant measurements were performed to understand the correlation between the optical and magnetic properties.  相似文献   
3.
The morphology of the photoactive layer critically affects the performance of the bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs). To control the morphology, we introduced a hydrophobic fluoropolymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as nonvolatile additive into the P3HT:PCBM active layer. The effect of PVDF on the surface and the bulk morphology were investigated by atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Through the repulsive interactions between the hydrophilic PCBM and the hydrophobic PVDF, much more uniform phase separation with good P3HT crystallinity is formed within the active layer, resulting enhanced light harvesting and improved photovoltaic performance in conventional devices. The PCE of the conventional device can improve from 2.40% to 3.07% with PVDF additive. The PVDF distribution within the active layer was investigated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy, confirming a bottom distribution of PVDF. Therefore, inverted device structure was designed, and the PCE can improve from 2.81% to 3.45% with PVDF additive. Our findings suggest that PVDF is a promising nonvolatile processing additive for high performance polymer solar cells.  相似文献   
4.
The Nd-doped and Er-doped LuF3 single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling-down method to study their scintillation properties in the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) region. The doubly Nd–Er codoped single crystal was grown to study possibility of scintillation performance improvement by energy transfer from Er3+ to Nd3+ ions. The LiF flux was to avoid phase transition below melting temperature. The 1%Nd-doped sample showed the highest overall scintillation efficiency under X-ray excitation which was 7 times as high as that of the LaF3:Nd 8% standard. The leading Nd3+ 5d–4f emission was situated at 176 nm, while the Er3+ 5d–4f emission for Er-doped samples was observed at 163 nm, which better matches the sensitivity of some VUV-sensitive photodetectors. The optimum Er concentration was determined to be around 1–3 mol%. No Er3+ 5d–4f emission was observed for the doubly Er,Nd-codoped sample due to energy transfer from the Er3+ to Nd3+ ions. Slight improvement of the light yield was observed in the doubly-doped sample with respect to the Nd-only doped one.  相似文献   
5.
ABSTRACT Postmortem structural changes in titin and nebulin filaments were investigated by incubating isolated myofibrils in a solution containing 0.1 mM calcium ions and various concentrations of a protease inhibitor. The inhibition curves showed 2 abnormal steps with increases in the concentration of leupeptin or calpastatin domain I. While the amounts of unchanged titin and nebulin were constant in the 1st step, the 2nd occurred at higher protease inhibitor concentrations. These facts indicated that excess amounts of leupeptin and calpastatin domain I caused deterioration in titin and nebulin properties, thus interfering with the binding of calcium ions. We concluded that the severance of titin and nebulin filaments in the 1st step were induced by calcium ions at 0.1 mM.  相似文献   
6.
单分散六边形扁平溴碘化银微晶的结构与性能的研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
应用可控双注仪制备了一系列碘含量相同而碘在微晶中分布不同的单分散六边形扁平溴碘化银乳剂。用扫描电镜(STEM)与X-射线能谱仪(EDS)对单个微晶进行了微区分析,并用介电损耗,微波光导等方法研究了此类乳剂微晶的结构与性能的关系。结果表明:严格控制微晶成核、成熟、生长三个阶段的条件,可制得含六边形颗粒92%以上的扁平溴碘化银乳剂,颗粒大小变化系数小于12%。此外碘在微晶中的分布明显影响微晶的电性质和  相似文献   
7.
用多种快重离子辐照高定向石墨(HOPG),借助扫描隧道显微镜(STM)系统地研究了表面及体内缺陷,结果表明,离子在表面及解理面上都形成了小丘状的缺陷,且在表面较容易形成,可以用非连续损伤径迹结构来对其进行解释。  相似文献   
8.
从热力学理论出发,利用X射线衍射定性和定量的方法,对β-C_2S固溶体的稳定性进行了分析和研究。经热力学理论推导得出β-C_2S稳定的热力学条件,即掺入的微量元素的化学位μ_i须小于β-C_2S的反应自由焓△G_β,μ_i<△G_β.并定量地计算出一种微量元素稳定β-C_2S的临界掺加量为;多种微量元素对β-C_2S的稳定性判断条件为:  相似文献   
9.
氟化铝是电解生产中十分重要的原料,它对控制电解槽电解质温度,保持电解槽技术条件发挥着重要的作用。但随着电解生产成本的逐渐降低,氟化铝的消耗成为电解生产成本中的一项重要内容。本文就某分厂电解槽氟化铝添加的生产工艺、设备、控制以及管理等方面,提出降低氟化铝单耗的简要方法。  相似文献   
10.
The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (SFS) and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation (RICO) method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction (BIPH), the cata-condensed fraction (CATA), the peri-condensed fraction (PERI) and the condensed index (BCI) were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.  相似文献   
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