快速凝固铝硅合金粉末加热过程中硅颗粒的粗化行为

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、电子显微镜等设备对Al-12.8%Si合金粉末的原始状态及热处理后的状态进行了分析。发现其显微组织有两个连续的变化过程:在156℃时,固溶在基体Al中的过饱和Si开始析出,并在340℃发生粗化,随着加热温度的升高,粗化现象仍然存在。另外,对Si颗粒的粗化机理进行了研究,发现其粗化符合经典的LSW理论。     

Analysis of oxygen-18 tracer profiles in two-stage oxidation experiments (I): predominant oxygen diffusion in the growing scale

Typical two-stage oxidation experiments in high-temperature oxidation studies on metals are analyzed. Two cases of predominant oxygen diffusion in the scale are studied: pure volume diffusion and simultaneous transport via grain boundaries and via the bulk. An analytical expression for the growth of the oxide layer is given for the assumption that the chemical potential of the oxygen varies linearly over the oxide layer. The numerical treatment of the differential equation is improved so that the calculation is possibly faster and/ or more accurate compared to a method given in the literature. The experimental profiles are described by four parameters, the grain boundary width, the grain radius, and the volume and grain boundary diffusivities. Two equations correlating these parameters can be extracted from the profiles. Two benchmark tests are described for testing the program. An analytical solution is presented which approximately describes the distribution of O-18 in the oxide layer for pure volume diffusion. Experimental SIMS profiles on Fe-Cr-Al alloys are explored on the basis of our calculation.     

12Cr1MoV钢高温时效过程中组织结构的演变

用Larson-Miller参数对12CrlMoV钢进行了在不同温度与时间的高温时效模拟，研究了其显微组织和亚结构的演变。光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜的观察分析表明，在时效过程中的主要组织结构变化是珠光体的消散与分解，碳化物从固溶体中脱落，碳化物粗化并向晶界转移以及晶粒长大。同时，位错密度下降并结成位错网络。这些持续而缓慢的变化符合热力学驱动力与扩散动力学规律。     

Effects of γ/γ interfacial structures on continuous coarsening of lamellar microstructure in TiAl alloy during aging

The effects of γ/γ interfacial structures on continuous coarsening of the fully lamellar microstructure in Ti-48Al alloy aged at 1 150 ℃ were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Continuous lamellar coarsening can be achieved not only by migration of interface faults(such as ledges, edges and curved interfaces) but also by migration and decomposition of perfect γ/γ lamellar interfaces. Thermal grooves, initiative positions of interfacial dissociation, can frequently form at the triple point junctions between the 120°-rotational ordered γ domain boundaries within γ lamellae and the lamellar interfaces. During the early stage of aging at 1 150 ℃, the interface migration and dissociation took place preferentially at the 120°-rotational ordered lamellar interfaces. Comparing the relative thermal stability of the true-twin, pseudo-twin and 120°-rotational ordered γ/γ lamellar interfaces shows that the 120°-rotational ordered lamellar interface is the most unstable. The reason of this phenomenon was analyzed through the comparisons of the interfacial energies and atomic arrangements of the three types of γ/γ lamellar interfaces.     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金相颗粒粗化动力学及形貌变化

以Ti-6Al-4V钛合金为例，研究了韧性双相合金不同温度保时相颗粒变化情况。结果表明，在α相颗粒粗化的同时，还伴随着α相形貌由“短棒状”向等轴状转变。在800℃和600℃保温时，α相颗粒粗化机制均为Al原子从其他α相颗粒中沿晶界或相界以一维扩散的方式转移到粗化的相颗粒上来。α相颗粒形貌的改变，分为两个阶段，第一阶段为颗粒内部物质的转移为主；第二阶段为其他α相颗粒物质沿晶界或相界扩散到颗粒比较短的方向上以使该颗粒等轴化。对于800℃保温，第一阶段为颗粒内部Al原子以晶格扩散的方式转移；600℃时，颗粒内物质的转移则沿晶界或相界以一维扩散为主。     

Characterization of centrifugally atomized Al-12Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg(wt%) alloy powder and extruded rod

The Al-12Si-5Fe-3Cu-1Mg(wt%) alloy was rapidly solidified by centrifugal atomization. The microstructural characteristics of rapidly solidified powder and the microstructure changes with heat treatment were investigated in terms and related to powder size. The microstructures of the powder consisted of dendritic -Al, eutectic phase, Cu-rich phase, and needle-like intermetallic compounds. These phases were much finer than that of ingot cast structure and the size decreased with increasing cooling rate. The X-ray diffraction of the atomized powders revealed the presence of non-equilibrium 3-(AlFeSi) intermetallic phase. This phase appeared to transform to an equilibrium -(AlFeSi) phase by heating at temperatures above 470°C. The extruded rod which was hot extruded at 360°C with an extrusion ratio of 40:1 also revealed the presence of the -(AIFeSi) intermetallic phase. Using DSC, the exothermic peak due to precipitation from the supersaturated -Al matrix was observed in the range of 200–250°C during continuous heating of atomized powder, and the size of the peaks increased with decreasing powder size.     

有第二相粒子阻碍的晶粒粗化元胞自动机模拟

采用元胞自动机算法模拟晶粒粗化过程中第二相粒子的阻碍现象。通过CA法,在考虑第二相粒子阻碍的晶粒粗化过程中模拟了其动力学、拓扑学及形态学的演化,并研究了温度及时间对粗化过程的影响。模拟结果显示:考虑第二相粒子,晶粒的粗化动力学指数接近3,而不是2;但是拓扑学特征与理想条件的粗化相同,即晶粒边数为6的晶粒占的比例最大,其次为五边形和七边形,而晶粒边数为3或10的晶粒所占比例很低,约为5%左右;CA法模拟晶粒粗化过程组织形态演化表明,随着保温时间的增加或温度的升高,晶粒平均尺寸在增大。模拟结果与相关文献中的结论相同,表明了本文CA模型的可靠性。     

低拉应力下12Cr1MoV钢中P原子的晶界非平衡偏聚

对低应力作用下12Cr1MoV钢中磷原子的晶界偏聚现象进行了俄歇能谱实验研究和动力学分析．实验获得了在30MPa拉应力作用下，磷原子在晶界处发生的非平衡晶界偏聚，临界时间是1h．分析表明，低拉应力极大地提高了磷-空位复合体在钢中的扩散速率，低拉应力引起的晶界变形对磷-空位复合体具有强烈的吸引作用．通过动力学计算给出了磷-空位复合体偏聚阶段扩散系数Dc和磷原子反偏聚扩散系数Di随时间变化的表达式．     

一种新型电解铜箔无砷粗化工艺研究

为了寻找新的复合添加物和工艺路线来替换现有电解铜箔粗化工艺中含砷添加剂的使用,通过对电解铜箔生产的现场模拟,探索了粗化基础配方、添加剂含量、电流密度、温度等对粗化层表面的影响;利用金相显微镜,研究了无砷粗化工艺的最佳配方及电镀条件.对比试验结果表明,利用硫酸亚锡和钨酸钠等作为复合添加剂,能够取代原有工艺中含砷添加剂,取得很好的环保效果.     

电沉积法制备泡沫镍的研究

泡沫镍是泡沫金属中重要的一种,它因具有良好的透流体性能、电磁屏蔽性能、吸音性能、抗冲击性能而广泛用于各个领域,尤其是军工领域.本实验通过研究粗化时间对泡沫镍空隙率的影响、硫酸铜含量对化学镀铜镀速的影响、硫酸铜含量对均镀能力的影响以及氯离子和电镀温度对电镀镍的影响等方面工作,制备出孔隙率较高、孔型容易控制和通孔的泡沫镍.