Models and observations of fcc/bcc interfaces

Whereas models of the structure and periodicity of CSL or near CSL high angle grain boundaries are relatively well developed and have been to some extent verified by experiment, the nature of more general (e.g. fcc/bcc) interfaces is very imperfectly understood. One of the major differences between homo- and heterophase boundaries is the occurrence, in the latter case, of reproducible orientation relationships due to the crystallographic requirements of phase transformation (e.g. a glissile interface for martensitic growth, low energy interfaces for classical nucleation). A review is given of the relationships commonly observed to obtain between fcc and bcc crystals (as well as ordered phases based upon these structures). Within a given relationship, it is possible to use models of the available interfaces to predict their dislocation content; the success of the various approaches is considered. It is shown that the dislocation arrays identified on fcc/bcc boundaries are consistent with the occurrence of a primary structural relaxation, but that the latter does not appear to be complete. Possible reasons for this are discussed, together with the extent to which secondary structural models may be applicable. Attempts to rationalize the observed orientation relationships and morphologies are discussed, and it is pointed out that these all rely on searches for situations of minimum primary misfit, but that the way in which the latter is quantified determines the results of the analyses. Nevertheless, the implication is that the primary misfit does appear to determine the actual behaviour, though no structural or mechanistic conclusions can safely be drawn from this observation.     

两段法处理高浓度含砷废水的工艺研究

通过正交试验研究了用石灰、有机捕集沉淀剂(DTCR)两段法处理高浓度含砷废水的工艺条件，并与常规法比较了处理效果和处理费用。结果表明：用两段法处理后的废水可达标排放；污泥量大大减少，易脱水，含水率低，降低了后处理的难度和费用；污泥稳定，不产生二次污染。该法具有显著的社会效益和生态效益。     

高密度航天发射试验风险应对措施

以高密度条件下航天发射试验为对象,对发射试验风险因素进行了系统分析,在此基础上,构建了风险评估指标体系,并针对高密度条件下航天发射试验主要风险,从人力资源风险、设备资源风险和进度风险等方面提出了具体应对措施,对航天发射试验风险管理具有一定的现实意义。     

高密度电法与AMT在断裂构造调查中的综合应用

将音频大地电磁测量(AMT)和常规高密度电法相结合,综合利用两种方法的优点查找隐伏断裂构造具有较强的实用性。本文以龙门山断裂带隐伏断层调查为实例,首先介绍了工作区域的地电特征(判断是否具备开展电法工作的前提条件)、两种方法的工作原理及各自的数据处理流程,然后将同一测线上两种方法的测量成果加以对比,从而阐明两种方法各自的优缺点:AMT法测量深度大,但分辨率较低,高密度电法测量深度较浅,但分辨率高;AMT法易受外界电磁场干扰,而高密度电法易受水系、农田等低阻带影响。综上所述,二者在成果及适用范围上具有较高的互补性,在实际工作中适时地将两种方法结合起来,可以达到很好的效果。     

A kinetics formulation for low-temperature plasticity

The mechanism of low-temperature plastic deformation is controlled by thermally activated dislocation movements. An evolutionary constitutive law based on the principles of deformation kinetics is described in this article. The constitutive law is expressed with a sinh function designed for computational efficiency. It is derived from rigorously defined kinetics principles. The approximation involved in the sinh function is defined so that in applications an exact evaluation can be made of the validity limits. The system of the constitutive law and the external constraints lead to the operational equations. Applications are developed for constant strain-rate loading, constant stress-rate loading, stress relaxation, creep, and ratchetting processes. The analysis provides a unified treatment for low-temperature plastic deformation.     

高密度电阻率法在水文地质勘察中的应用

电阻率法是电法找水应用中历史较长、理论研究较为完善、应用最为广泛的一种方法。通过对高密度电阻率法的基本原理和不同装置类型的介绍及其在马山变电所新建工程场地水文勘察中的应用,为合理布置最佳水井井位提供水文物探依据。     

高密度电法在大幕山水库渗漏隐患探测中的应用

针对传统土石坝渗漏安全隐患探测方法的不足,采用高密度电法对通山大幕山水库土石坝渗漏安全隐患进行了无损探测,以检查评价高密度电法在中小型水库土石坝渗漏安全隐患探测中的有效性和适用性。试验研究结果表明,高密度电法可以用于查明土石坝渗漏通道位置或进行疑点提示,为大坝除险加固和后续处理提供科学参考依据。     

纳米SiO2颗粒对HDPE和PP非等温结晶行为的影响

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)两体系非等温结晶动力学行为，发现纳米SiO1／HDPE体系的非等温结晶数据不满足Ozawa方程，但符合莫氏方程；而纳米SiO2／PP体系的非等温结晶的数据同时符合莫氏方程和Ozawa方程．利用Kissinger方程计算两体系的结晶活化能，发现纳米SiO2／HDPE体系的结晶活化能比纯HDPE体系的大，纳米SiO2／PP体系的结晶活化能比PP的小，但两体系的结晶活化能都随着纳米SiO2含量的增加而增加。纳米SiO2在复合体系中明显起着异相成核的作用．     

A study of the influence of grain boundaries on short crack growth during varying load using a dislocation technique

The propagation of short cracks in the neighbourhood of grain boundaries have been investigated using a technique were the crack is modelled by distributed dislocation dipoles and the plastic deformation is represented by discrete dislocations. Discrete dislocations are emitted from the crack tip as the crack grows. Dislocations can also nucleate at the grain boundaries. The influence on crack growth characteristics of the distance between the initial crack tip and the grain boundary has been studied. It was found that crack growth rate is strongly correlated to the dislocation pile-ups at the grain boundaries.     

改性碳纳米管/高密度聚乙烯复合材料正温度系数性能

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体,改性的碳纳米管(CNTs)为导电填料,采用熔融法制备正温度系数(positive temperature coefficient,PTC)复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜和热敏电阻曲线测试仪以及冲击试验机等,观察CNTs/HDPE复合材料的微观形貌,研究PTC效应随CNTs含量变化规律及对力学性能的影响。结果表明:CNTs在HDPE基体中分散性较好;当CNTS含量在体积分数为9%时,CNTs/HDPE复合材料的室温电阻率为102?·cm,PTC强度达4个数量级;HDPE基体中加入经过表面修饰过的CNTs后,复合材料的力学性能明显提高。当CNTs的体积含量在8%时,复合材料的冲击性能较纯HDPE提高了93%。