成型温度对PBX装药内部质量及性能的影响

针对压制成型的PBX炸药装药，选择CT无损检测、巴西实验和扫描电镜检测等技术，对比研究了室温和加热两种温度下压制成型的炸药装药内部质量、静态力学性能和细观破坏形式。结果表明，加热压制有利于改善炸药装药的内部质量，可避免产生初始损伤，且提高了装药的力学性能。细观尺度上，室温压制成型的装药主要发生界面脱黏破坏，加热压制成型装药的主要破坏形式是穿晶断裂。     

复杂环境下氧化铝储槽定向爆破拆除

在较为复杂的环境下,爆破拆除钢筋混凝土氧化铝储槽。该储槽自重大、呈圆形,内有4根立柱支撑下料漏斗。为使储槽顺利定向倒塌,通过爆破方案选择、参数确定,采取梯形切口和预处理以及安全防护和减振措施,使储槽爆破拆除获圆满成功。     

粉体含能材料生产与储运中的静电安全及防护

分析了静电产生的原因,阐述了粉体含能材料生产中的静电起电现象、静电的危害、静电安全性评估标准以及建立在此标准基础上的静电放电危险的评价办法,提出了粉体含能材料在生产、运输中所需要采取的静电防护措施。     

Enhancing the dehydrogenation properties of LiAlH4 using K2NiF6 as additive

Lithium alanate (LiAlH₄) is a material that can be potentially used for solid-state hydrogen storage due to its high hydrogen content (10.5 wt%). Nevertheless, a high desorption temperature, slow desorption kinetic, and irreversibility have restricted the application of LiAlH₄ as a solid-state hydrogen storage material. Hence, to lower the decomposition temperature and to boost the dehydrogenation kinetic, in this study, we applied K₂NiF₆ as an additive to LiAlH₄. The addition of K₂NiF₆ showed an excellent improvement of the LiAlH₄ dehydrogenation properties. After adding 10 wt% K₂NiF₆, the initial decomposition temperature of LiAlH₄ within the first two dehydrogenation steps was lowered to 90 °C and 156 °C, respectively, that is 50 °C and 27 °C lower than that of the аs-milled LiAlH₄. In terms of dehydrogenation kinetics, the dehydrogenation rate of K₂NiF₆-doped LiAlH₄ sample was significantly higher as compared to аs-milled LiAlH₄. The K₂NiF₆-doped LiAlH₄ sample can release 3.07 wt% hydrogen within 90 min, while the milled LiAlH₄ merely release 0.19 wt% hydrogen during the same period. According to the Arrhenius plot, the apparent activation energies for the desorption process of K₂NiF₆-doped LiAlH₄ are 75.0 kJ/mol for the first stage and 88.0 kJ/mol for the second stage. These activation energies are lower compared to the undoped LiAlH₄. The morphology study showed that the LiAlH₄ particles become smaller and less agglomerated when K₂NiF₆ is added. The in situ formation of new phases of AlNi and LiF during the dehydrogenation process, as well as a reduction in particle size, is believed to be essential contributors in improving the LiAlH₄ dehydrogenation characteristics.     

Flash Lamps as Ignition and Initiation Sources of the VS-2 Pyrotechnic Composition

In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS-2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC-500 and EVIS. VS-2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90% of mercury（Ⅱ） 5-hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10% of optically transparent copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid （PVMT）. We have found that the flash lamps make it possible to initiate combustion of VS-2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high， and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm^-2 and 90 mg·cm^-2， showing ignition delay times 10 μs and 3 μs， respectively. We also measured detonation velocities for VS-2 composition film charges， which were 4375-4505 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm^-2） and 4221-4281 m·s^-1 （of the charge being surface mass 90 mg·cm^-2） and their blasting action on the aluminum plate. The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge-barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm^-2） and 1.2-1.3 mm （for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm^-2）.     

Impedance matching optimization of SiCf/Si3N4–SiOC composites for excellent microwave absorption properties

SiC fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (SiC_f-CMCs) are considered to be one of the most promising materials in the electromagnetic (EM) stealth of aero-engines, which is expected to achieve strong absorption and broad-band performance. Multiscale structural design was applied to SiC_f/Si₃N₄–SiOC composites by construction of micro/nanoscale heterogeneous interfaces and macro double-layer impedance matching structure. SiC_f/Si₃N₄–SiOC composites were fabricated by using SiC fibers with different conductivities and SiOC–Si₃N₄ matrices with gradient impedance structures to improve impedance matching effectively. Owing to its unique structure, SiC_f/Si₃N₄–SiOC composites (A3-composites) achieved excellent EM wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection coefficient (RC_min) of ?25.1 dB at 2.45 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.0 GHz at 2.85 mm in X-band. Moreover, double-layer SiC_f/Si₃N₄–SiOC with an improved impedance matching structure obtained an RC_min of ?56.9 dB and an EAB of 4.2 GHz at 3.00 mm, which means it can absorb more than 90% of the EM waves in the whole X-band. The RC is less than ?8 dB at 2.6–2.8 mm from RT to 600 °C in the whole X-band, displaying excellent high-temperature absorption performance. The results provide a new design opinion for broad-band EM absorbing SiC_f-CMCs at high temperatures.     

A novel combustion fuel for the synthesis of nanocrystalline ZnAl2O4 particles based on the thermodynamic correlations and their structural and optical studies

ZnAl₂O₄ nanocrystalline particles were prepared using the solution combustion method using a new combustion fuel, Leucine. The prepared samples' structural, microstructural–elemental composition, and optical characteristics were investigated using XRD, SEM-EDS, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. As-synthesized ZnAl₂O₄ nanoparticles are polycrystalline, with no secondary phases, and crystallized in a cubic - spinel structure. The polycrystalline nature of the prepared sample is due to the exothermicity of fuel and oxidizer, which demonstrate that the fuel utilized (Leucine) provided adequate energy for the production of nanoparticles in their as-synthesized form, as supported by adiabatic temperature through thermodynamic calculations. The thermodynamic calculations also include a universal method to estimate the specific heat capacity at constant pressure. Furthermore, even after 2 h of calcination at 600 °C, ZnAl₂O₄ exhibits a single phase with no secondary phases, indicating the material stability and single-phase nature. The crystallinity of ZnAl₂O₄ nanoparticles was observed to increase with increasing annealing temperature. SEM micrographs of as-synthesized samples exhibit the formation of dense particles, voids, and pores in the as-synthesized sample. In addition, tiny aggregates were detected on the surface of more prominent clusters, which reduced as the calcination progressed. In addition, calcined samples exhibit a greater optical reflectance than as-synthesized samples. Tauc's graphs were used to compute the optical energy bandgap. The calculated energy band gap is redshifted to that of the bulk material. The bandgap energy decreases upon calcination, suggesting that the prepared materials have a larger crystallite size or more crystallinity. Correlations were found between the T_ad, and the structural and optical properties of the prepared samples. The findings suggest that Leucine could be used as a novel combustion fuel to produce crystalline ZnAl₂O₄ nanoparticles in their as-synthesis form.     

The phosphorescence emission in undoped lead-halide Cs4PbBr6 single crystals at low temperature

Recently, all-inorganic cesium lead-halide perovskites have shown their promise for light emission applications, due to the excellent optical performance. Herein, we report that the initially nonphosphorescent undoped lead-halide Cs₄PbBr₆ single crystals (SCs) exhibit an ultralong phosphorescence emission under X-ray excitation at low temperatures. It is shown that the dramatic change has been taken place in radioluminescence spectra and the broad-band emission gradually appeared with the decrease of temperature. Below 210 K, the radioluminescence spectra can be deconvoluted into one narrow peak located at 530 nm and two broad peaks centered at 595 nm and 672 nm respectively. Subsequently, the time-dependent radioluminescence spectra in undoped lead-halide Cs₄PbBr₆ SCs were investigated. The ultralong phosphorescence emission can persist over 120 min at 70 K. We consider that ultralong phosphorescence originates from defect-related emission. To the best of our knowledge, our finding is the first time that undoped Cs₄PbBr₆ SCs exhibit the phosphorescence emission, which will offer a paradigm to motivate revolutionary applications on perovskite.     

A high temperature and pressure framework for supercritical water electrolysis

Water electrolysis technologies aim to provide a significant increase in green hydrogen production efficiency. In this work, a framework was developed to explore the use of supercritical water for alkaline electrolysis. This framework was used to perform Arrhenius analysis as a function of potential, and to explore activation energies for sub- and supercritical water electrolysis. An analysis of the conductivity of solution unveiled a discontinuity in the trends between sub- and supercritical potassium hydroxide solution conductivity. Unlike prior work on supercritical water electrolysis, this work investigates trends in electrochemical parameters, the sources of these trends, and how they change between the sub- and supercritical regimes.     

Numerical simulation of the influence of confined multi-point ignited H2–O2 mixture on the propagation of shock waves towards a deformable plate

The study of shock wave propagation in a detonation chamber is of great importance as a part of the plate forming process. Investigations related to the effects of premixed gas detonation on the deflection of a plate require in-depth examination. An Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical simulation is conducted using the space-time conservation element and solution element method of LS-DYNA software to study the effect of confined multi-point ignited gaseous mixture on the dynamic response of thin plates clamped at the end of a combustion chamber. The FSI couples a Lagrangian finite element solver with a Eulerian fluid solver in a 2D space with detailed chemistry of H₂–O₂ mixture. The solution contains the detonation wave propagation through the combustion chamber and its interaction with the plate. The influence of variation in the multi-point ignition locations and combustion chamber dimensions on the pressure history and plate deflection is studied. To verify the model, a comparison with the experimental study is carried out using an adjustable model representative of the real experiment. The verified model is used to link the evolution of plate shape with the arrival time and intensity of shock waves within the chamber. It is found that a longer distance between the ignition point and the plate intensifies the ultimate deflection of the plate. In addition, a fairly large combustion area employed in a direction rather than transverse to the plate surface is unable to influence the ultimate deformation of the plate.