Fabrication of oxide-based near infrared-shielding coatings for a smart window to prevent infrared-induced photoaging in human skin

Oxide-based near infrared (IR)-shielding coatings consisting of quarter‐wave stacks of oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (Ta₂O_5?x) and silicon oxide (SiO₂) multilayers and tin-doped indium oxide (In₂O₃) (ITO) films with the thicknesses of 200–600 nm can block the passage of IR-A (wavelength: 760–1400 nm) and IR-B (wavelength: 1400–3000 nm) radiation, respectively. In this study, the optical properties and microstructure of these oxide-based IR-shielding coatings were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy images indicated that amorphous Ta₂O_5?x/amorphous SiO₂ multilayers were uniform and dense. ITO films were found to be highly crystalline and show carrier concentrations of up to 7.1 × 10²⁰ cm^?3, resulting in the strong IR-B optical absorption due to the plasma excitation of the free carriers. Oxide-based IR-shielding coatings with an ITO thickness of 420 nm were found to have near-IR shielding rates of >90% and an average visible light transmittance of >70%. The effects of IR on human keratinocytes were studied to evaluate the IR-induced photoaging in human skin. It was found that the downregulation of cellular proliferation and the enhancement of senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity induced by IR irradiation were significantly inhibited by oxide-based IR-shielding coatings. Thus, this study provides a facile method for the development of coatings for smart windows with high IR-shielding ability and high visible light transmittance.     

Reduced texaphyrin: A ratiometric optical sensor for heavy metals in aqueous solution

We report here a water-soluble metal cation sensor system based on the as-prepared or reduced form of an expanded porphyrin, texaphyrin. Upon metal complexation, a change in the redox state of the ligand occurs that is accompanied by a color change from red to green. Although long employed for synthesis in organic media, we have now found that this complexation-driven redox behavior may be used to achieve the naked eye detectable colorimetric sensing of several number of less-common metal ions in aqueous media. Exposure to In(III), Hg(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Bi(III), Co(II), and Pb(II) cations leads to a colorimetric response within 10 min. This process is selective for Hg(II) under conditions of competitive analysis. Furthermore, among the subset of response-producing cations, In(III) proved unique in giving rise to a ratiometric change in the ligand-based fluorescence features, including an overall increase in intensity. The cation selectivity observed in aqueous media stands in contrast to what is seen in organic solvents, where a wide range of texaphyrin metal complexes may be prepared. The formation of metal cation complexes under the present aqueous conditions was confirmed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-violet-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.     

用于金属密封联接的自动热压封接设备研制

针对手工作业难以保证铟封工艺的质量和一致性,研制了一台自动热压封接设备,用于实现某型号精密金属器件的密封。分析了金属铟封的热压工艺过程和工艺参数;介绍了自动热压封接设备的基本结构和控制系统;详细说明了设备温度、压力等工艺参数的控制方法,并对研制设备的压力、温度的控制性能进行了测试实验。使用研制的设备进行了热压铟封实验,并对连接的可靠性和密封性能进行了测试。结果表明,热压铟封后的金属器件符合产品要求。该设备能够保证精密金属器件的封接质量和一致性,提高了铟封工艺的自动化程度,提高了生产效率。     

In_2W_3O_(12)陶瓷的相变特性及其负热膨胀性能(英文)

以分析纯In2O3和WO3为原料,采用固相反应法制备In2W3O12陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和热机械分析仪对样品的物相组成、微观结构、相变和热膨胀特性进行了表征。结果表明:在900℃烧结6h可制备出纯的单斜相In2W3O12陶瓷,In2W3O12陶瓷断面晶粒均匀,平均尺寸为4～6μm。In2W3O12陶瓷在253.34℃发生单斜相到斜方相的相转变,单斜相的In2W3O12陶瓷显示正热膨胀,在27～249℃,其平均热膨胀系数为16.51×10-6℃-1,斜方相的In2W3O12陶瓷显示负热膨胀,在273～700℃,其平均热膨胀系数为-3.00×10-6℃-1。     

Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites

The last decade has seen a growing interest in hybrid electrically conducting nanocomposites. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the present status of research in carbon nanotube–polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites, from processing to structural and property evaluations. CNT/PANI are synthesized by electrochemical and chemical processing. When chemical methods are used, the main challenge is to obtain processable CNT/PANI in the emeraldine salt (ES) form composites. Stable dispersions of ES–CNT in organic media are prepared using the post doping method, inverse emulsion polymerization, or ex situ polymerizations. On the contrary, stable water dispersions of CNT/ES are prepared using hydrophilization of a preformed CNT/ES composite, direct synthesis of micelle–CNT hybrid templates, interfacial polymerization, covalent functionalization of CNT with a water soluble polymer, or using electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged ES and CNT aqueous colloids. Moreover, the strategies for the synthesis of ternary CNT/PANI composites incorporating noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, or graphene sheets are also presented and analyzed in depth. Finally, we give a review of potential applications, including chemical sensors, capacitors, fuel cells and electronic devices.     

氟化镓—铟系统玻璃性质研究

制备了一组氟化镓铟系统玻璃．用差热分析测定了玻璃的各特征温度，计算了其稳定性判据值，发现ＩｎＦ３的引入使玻璃中出现了“混合效应”，提高了其稳定性．用红外光谱测定了各玻璃的红外截止波长，分析讨论了ＩｎＦ３含量变化对玻璃红外透过性质的影响．研究了玻璃密度和折射率等物理性质随成分变化的规律．结果表明：氟化镓铟玻璃具有较好的稳定性和较宽的红外透过范围；合理的玻璃组成能进一步改善其物理性质．     

In对S-TiO_2纳米材料的吸附与缓释特性的调控

以固相反应法所合成的铟、硫掺杂二氧化钛纳米粉体为载体,研究了三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的吸附与缓释行为。结果表明,以TiO2为基体的纳米材料对ATP都有良好的吸附作用。40 min内,Inx-S-TiO2(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05)、STiO2和TiO2纳米粉体对ATP的吸附率(%)依次为82.3、91.5、98.6、93.7、89.2、75.7和66.0。其中In0.03-S-TiO2纳米粉体的载药量比纯TiO2提高了32.6%。In的含量与其吸附ATP的量呈抛物线型。纯TiO2及In、S改性纳米材料对ATP的释放均有一定的调控作用。5.5 h内,其释药百分比分别为In0.01-S-TiO2(61.4%)In0.05-S-TiO2(59.23%)In0.02-S-TiO2(57.9%)In0.04-S-TiO2(55.30%)In0.03-S-TiO2(51.45%)TiO2(37.5%)S-TiO2(25.8%)。In的掺杂,对S-TiO2纳米材料缓释ATP的速率起到明显缓释控制作用。ATP的缓释过程符合骨架溶蚀扩散机理。In在ATP释放过程中的流失量很少,均不足2%。In含量的变化对微球的突释效应有一定的调控作用。     

ICP-AES法测定ITiO(铟钛靶材)中铁钙镁锡

建立了电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱法测定ITi O(铟钛靶材)粉末中Fe、Ca、Mg和Sn等杂质元素的分析方法。对溶液酸度、基体干扰、共存元素干扰等进行了试验和讨论,优化了仪器工作参数,方法的精密度(RSD,n=9)为0.41%~2.51%;回收率为99%~103%。适用于ITiO(铟钛靶材)粉末中杂质元素铁、钙、镁和锡量的测定。     

Recapillarity: Electrochemically Controlled Capillary Withdrawal of a Liquid Metal Alloy from Microchannels

This paper describes the mechanistic details of an electrochemical method to control the withdrawal of a liquid metal alloy, eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn), from microfluidic channels. EGaIn is one of several alloys of gallium that are liquid at room temperature and form a thin (nm scale) surface oxide that stabilizes the shape of the metal in microchannels. Applying a reductive potential to the metal removes the oxide in the presence of electrolyte and induces capillary behavior; we call this behavior “recapillarity” because of the importance of electrochemical reduction to the process. Recapillarity can repeatably toggle on and off capillary behavior by applying voltage, which is useful for controlling the withdrawal of metal from microchannels. This paper explores the mechanism of withdrawal and identifies the applied current as the key factor dictating the withdrawal velocity. Experimental observations suggest that this current may be necessary to reduce the oxide on the leading interface of the metal as well as the oxide sandwiched between the wall of the microchannel and the bulk liquid metal. The ability to control the shape and position of a metal using an applied voltage may prove useful for shape reconfigurable electronics, optics, transient circuits, and microfluidic components.