Three dimensional boundary element analysis of internal cracks under sliding contact load with a spherical indenter

Using boundary element based three dimensional modelling for linear fracture mechanics, we present an analysis of cracking in a homogeneous medium subject to contact load. The proposed iterative solution procedure allows a simultaneous treatment of a reasonable number of partially closed cracks. It is shown that the most probable direction of propagation of a vertical internal crack is strongly dependent on its size compared to the contact radius and its location with respect to the axis of maximum normal load.     

Results of the ASTM field test of tristimulus weighting functions

In 1993, the American Society for Testing and Materials carried out a field test of newly calculated tristimulus weighting factors. These weighting factors had been calculated by a method proposed by Venable. the test also included a method of correction for bandpass dependence put forth by Stearns. the purpose of the trial was to assess the possible reduction in bandpass dependence introduced by each of these sets of weights. A large number of sets of spectral data were gathered from the cooperators in the field test. Results of integration by the various sets of tristimulus weighting factors were calculated. A total of 15 120 color differences were calculated and statistics were derived to test the probable error resulting from each method of correction. Errors attributable to bandpass dependence were on the order of a few tenths to as much as one CIELAB unit when uncorrected weight sets were used. These errors could be reduced to a few hundreths of a CIELAB unit, and in some cases to a few thousandths of a unit, by employing one correcting strategy or the other. an overall mix of strategies was ultimately chosen to minimize the bandpass dependence over the entire range of weight sets. Utilizing this mixed strategy, the median error introduced into 10-nm integration by bandpass dependence was only 0.004 CIELAB units. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

碳铵化肥发青问题解决小结

探讨了该厂化肥生产中碳铵发青的原因,通过硫化氢含量的测定,分析了系统内外影响因素,提出了解决措施,达到了不停车稳定产品质量的目的。     

计算机网络的安全问题及预防措施浅探简

导致的计算机硬件、软件数据而遭到的破坏、更改和泄露就是计算机网络安全问题,而其影响因素则比较复杂,因而,这就需要在加强法制管理,提高防范意识的同时,不断提高防范技术,而且,不仅要被动防御,更要强化主动防护、动态地对网络安全进行防护。     

基于漏磁原理的钢丝绳探伤仪影响因素研究

介绍了钢丝绳探伤仪漏磁检测原理,并使用有限元分析方法分析了传感器零件的材料、钢丝绳的提离距离及断丝根数等对基于漏磁原理的钢丝绳探伤仪检测结果的影响。分析结果表明,提离距离、断丝根数等因素对探伤仪检测结果影响较大,断丝角度、深度等因素影响较小。     

Limit load and shakedown analysis of plastic structures under stochastic uncertainty

Problems from plastic analysis are based on the convex, linear or linearised yield/strength condition and the linear equilibrium equation for the stress (state) vector. In practice one has to take into account stochastic variations of several model parameters. Hence, in order to get robust maximum load factors, the structural analysis problem with random parameters must be replaced by an appropriate deterministic substitute problem. A direct approach is proposed based on the primary costs for missing carrying capacity and the recourse costs (e.g. costs for repair, compensation for weakness within the structure, damage, failure, etc.). Based on the mechanical survival conditions of plasticity theory, a quadratic error/loss criterion is developed. The minimum recourse costs can be determined then by solving an optimisation problem having a quadratic objective function and linear constraints. For each vector a(·) of model parameters and each design vector x, one obtains then an explicit representation of the “best” internal load distribution F^∗. Moreover, also the expected recourse costs can be determined explicitly. Consequently, an explicit stochastic nonlinear program results for finding a robust maximal load factor μ^∗. The analytical properties and possible solution procedures are discussed.     

试论非绘画专业的色彩教学法——高职学院的色彩课教学浅谈

要使完全没有色彩知识与造型意识的高等职业学校的学生,在不多的色彩课时计划内比较全面地了解和初步掌握色彩的基本表现技法,授课教师不但要有较深的色彩理论知识和过硬的色彩造型功底,还必须具有灵活多样的教学方法与实训指导技巧,更需要进行强化有效的实训教学手段。     

《交换空间》栏目引导新的家装理念浅析

本文通过表述传播学五大要素在《交换空间》栏目中的体现,主要介绍了家装从规划设计到具体实施的整个过程在《交换空间》栏目中的体现,分析了《交换空间》作为一种具体的可实施性强的节目对家庭装饰装修理念新的诠释。     

The role of latent and active failures in workplace slips, trips and falls: an information processing approach

The vast majority of the published workplace slips, trips and falls (STF) literature is exceedingly narrow in its focus and often ignores wider systems issues in workplace STF aetiology. There is little recognition within the published literature of the importance of latent failures or the upstream organisational and cultural contexts within which workplace STF occur. This is unfortunate, as a systems approach to workplace STF analysis, that is inclusive of latent design and work organisation factors that often shape worker behaviour patterns related to STF risk (e.g. rushing, risk taking), is fundamental to the development of effective prevention measures. The aims of this paper are to provide an understanding of workplace STF causation that is cognisant of the potential role of both active and latent failures in STF causation. The paper presents an ergonomics model for workplace STF analysis that highlights information processing in STF aetiology, the STF incident process and the interaction between latent and active failures in STF causation. The paper draws upon ergonomics research conducted in a range of occupational contexts to illustrate the key features of the model as it applies to workplace STF. Implications of the model for analysis and prevention of STF are discussed.