Analytical modeling of complex contact behavior between rock mass and lining structure

Based on the nondestructive test data of operating railway tunnels in China, this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the complex contact behavior between the rock mass and lining structure. The contact modes are classified into dense contact, local non-contact, and loose contact. Subsequently, the corresponding mechanical model for each contact mode is developed according to its mechanical characteristics using the complex variable method. In the proposed mechanical model, a special algorithm is introduced to detect whether the local non-contact zone is re-contacted. Besides, a novel conformal mapping method is also proposed to accurately calculate the mechanical response of the concrete lining. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with the finite element method (FEM). Several parameter investigations are conducted to analyze the effects of different contact modes on the rock–lining interaction. The results show that: (i) the height of the local non-contact area does not have a significant effect on the contact stress distribution if no re-contact occurs; (ii) backfill grouting can reduce the local stress concentration caused by poor contact modes; and (iii) reducing the friction coefficient of the interface can lead to a more uniform distribution of internal forces in the concrete lining.     

钢包包衬侵蚀对内衬温度和钢水温降的影响

为了研究包衬侵蚀对钢水温降的影响规律,通过ANSYS有限元软件以及ParaMesh网格随移技术建立了考虑包衬侵蚀的钢包传热计算模型,研究并分析了包衬侵蚀对包衬及钢水温度的影响规律。结果表明,包衬侵蚀对包衬温度影响较大,在相邻两个修包周期内,包衬侵蚀造成渣线和包壁的包衬内部(工作层与永久层交界处)温差为14～114 K;包衬侵蚀导致包壳外表面温度升高,包壳向外散热增加,与此同时,包衬受侵蚀变薄,蓄热减少,两者同时作用导致包衬侵蚀对钢水温降影响不大,最高不超过1 K,在实际生产中可以适当地忽略钢包侵蚀对钢水温降的影响。     

BIM-to-IGA: A fully automatic design-through-analysis workflow for segmented tunnel linings

Both planning and design phase of large infrastructural project require analysis, modelling, visualization, and numerical analysis. To perform these tasks, different tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) and numerical analysis software are commonly employed. However, in current tunnel engineering practice, there are no systematic solutions for the exchange between design and analysis models, and these tasks usually involve manual and error-prone model generation, setup and update. In this paper, focussing on tunnelling engineering, we demonstrate a systematic and versatile approach to efficiently generate a tunnel design and analyse the lining in different practical scenarios. To this end, a BIM-based approach is developed, which connects a user-friendly industry-standard BIM software with effective simulation tools for high-performance computing. A fully automatized design-through-analysis workflow solution for segmented tunnel lining is developed based on a fully parametric design model and an isogeometric analysis software, connected through an interface implemented with a Revit plugin. The IGA-Revit interface implements a reconstruction algorithm based on sweeping teachnique to construct trivariate NURBS lining segment geometry, which avoids the burden to deal with trimmed geometries.     

几种不同衬层材料水润滑轴承的润滑特性分析

以船舶水润滑轴承为研究对象,建立水润滑轴承双向流固耦合模型,采用有限元法研究偏心率为0. 6时,赛龙、飞龙、丁腈橡胶和超高分子聚乙烯4种不同衬层材料水润滑轴承的润滑特性。研究结果表明:转速一定时,4种衬层材料沿轴向和周向的衬层变形分布较为一致,其中丁腈橡胶衬层的变形最大; 4种衬层材料沿轴向和周向的压力分布趋势也较为一致,最大的压力值均出现在210°～270°之间,同时在270°～30°之间水膜压力波动较大。4种衬层材料的摩擦因数均随转速的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中丁腈橡胶的摩擦因数最大,超高分子聚乙烯的摩擦因数最小。     

双层复合衬砌隧洞运行安全预警监控指标研究

双层复合衬砌结构是一种新型隧洞衬砌结构型式,其外衬承受外部水土压力,内衬承受内水压力,体现了"结构联合、功能独立"的新型输水隧洞设计理念,目前该衬砌型式已成功应用到我国北方某输水工程中,如何确定双层复合衬砌隧洞安全预警监控指标是工程运行管理的重点和难点。本文基于以往研究成果,提出了工程结构监控指标及监控阈值确定的统一技术路径;根据双层复合衬砌结构受力特点,开展可能破坏模式分析;基于破坏模式与监测量的敏感性分析,提出层间渗压作为双层复合衬砌隧洞结构核心监控指标,内衬处的钢筋计测值以及外衬处的测缝计测值作为辅助监控指标,为双层复合衬砌隧洞安全运行提供借鉴和参考。     

“烟塔合一”内衬防腐技术的研究

结合采用“烟塔合一”排放技术的火力发电厂烟气腐蚀介质及腐蚀环境特点,对混凝土材质冷却塔内衬防腐蚀技术进行了比较,介绍了防腐蚀衬里或涂层对新钢筋混凝土设备基体表面的要求及对原有钢筋混凝土设备的影响,提出了冷却塔内防腐蚀方案为：采用厚膜型鳞片涂料,衬层厚度设计为1.2mm。     

电力电缆隧道结构病害及检测评估方法探讨

电力电缆隧道是目前常见的城市地下空间利用形态之一,但是该类隧道的结构病害检测技术体系和规范尚不完善,影响了该类隧道的病害评定及相应处治。电力电缆隧道的病害类型主要包括隧道渗漏水、隧道衬砌裂损、衬砌结构腐蚀这三大类型,其中影响较大的为隧道渗漏水。在电力电缆隧道的检测工作中,需要结合电力隧道的工作环境条件、功能特点,明确检测的目的和需求,有针对性地调查和收集相关的信息和资料以制定检测方案。检测的内容可以划分为外观检查、结构安全性检查、结构耐久性检查这三大类内容,以便选取适宜的仪器和方法开展电力隧道检测工作。论文提出了确定电力隧道结构区段的分项评定标准及综合技术状况评定方法,并建议依据检测评定结果对电力隧道采取对应的养护措施。     

硬石膏岩膨胀特性试验及隧道抗膨胀衬砌设计

石膏质岩的膨胀机理复杂,膨胀时间漫长,其膨胀力对隧道支护结构破坏性极强。本文采用室内试验方法研究了硬石膏岩的膨胀力学特性,得出膨胀应力-应变曲线为凹形函数,膨胀应变-时间曲线为“S”型函数, 膨胀应力-时间曲线为指数型函数等规律。基于试验结果提出了可考虑时间效应的硬石膏岩膨胀变形计算公式,进而建立硬石膏岩隧道围岩膨胀变形、膨胀应力及时间的关系,用以描述隧道修建过程中膨胀应力应变的动态变化。并提出一种新型石膏质岩隧道抗膨胀衬砌设计,从主动和被动两个方面减缓石膏岩遇水致膨胀对衬砌结构的影响,为类似工程提供借鉴与思考。     

盾构隧道管片衬砌壳-弹簧计算模型研究

针对现有盾构隧道管片衬砌计算模型存在的问题,对管片接头的力学特性进行了分析。认为管片的接头实际应包括管片接缝和对应手孔间的管片部分,采用点弹簧模拟管片接头力学特性实际上是夸大了端部管片的刚度。提出了基于壳-弹簧模式的管片结构的整体环-纵向非连续计算模型,改进了接头的模拟方法。该模型将管片接缝以及对应手孔间管片部分视为一个受力整体,其宽度约为对应手孔之间的弧长,并提出了该接头抗弯刚度的定义方式。由于该模型考虑了管片接头的整体性,计算得到的内力值比梁-弹簧模型计算结果更加准确,且可反映管片结构纵向的受力特征。