Sustainable phenolic thermosets coatings derived from urushiol

The over-exploitation of finite fossil resources and/or the increased environmental and sustainable awareness inspire scientists and technologists to search for inexpensive alternatives from renewable chemicals. Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins, the oldest type of synthetic polymers with good mechanical properties and heat resistance, are widely used in the production of coatings, laminates, molding compositions, and glues. Here, biobased urushiol-derived PF resins were synthesized from the alkali-catalyzed reaction between urushiol and formaldehyde. The chemical compositions and molecular structures of resole resins were characterized by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and their curing behaviors were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The as-prepared urushiol-derived resole resins had methylol (Ph−CH₂OH), ortho- and para-hemiformal groups (Ph−CH₂OCH₂OH), and the para−para/ortho−para/ortho−ortho links of methylene groups (Ph−CH₂−Ph), whereas the resole resins had low curing temperatures at about 100–113°C. Additionally, given the long side alkyl group moiety on the aromatic rings of urushiol, the films of cured urushiol-derived resole resins had low glass transition temperatures of 132 ± 2°C. Furthermore, the as-prepared urushiol-derived coatings exhibited excellent physical and mechanical properties.     

一种新型的室温快速固化胶黏剂的研制

本文开发了一种新型的方舱夹芯板用室温固化高强度环氧结构胶黏剂,验证了其物化特性、相关力学性能和环境适应性。结果表明此胶黏剂具有优良性能,可以满足方舱用大板胶黏剂的使用需求。     

浅渍法发酵豇豆的工艺优化

以具有降解亚硝酸盐功能的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）SD-7和具有优良抗氧化能力的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）FM-LP-9为复合发酵剂（1∶1），采用浅渍法发酵豇豆。以硬度和感官评分为考察指标，通过单因素试验及响应面试验研究复合发酵剂接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对浅渍法发酵豇豆品质的影响。结果表明，最佳发酵工艺条件为发酵温度25 ℃，接种量5%，发酵时间125 h，在此优化条件下，得到的浅渍法发酵豇豆硬度为47.31 N，感官评分为90.98分，香气浓郁、口感脆嫩。     

Effect of Curing Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Nowadays, growing environmental concerns have led many researchers to work in the area of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. In this work, jute fiber has been used as reinforcement and epoxy as matrix material to develop partially biodegradable green composite with the help of hand layup followed by compression molding technique. The effect of curing temperature ranging from 80°C to 130°C on different samples was investigated for various mechanical properties. Results obtained from the various tests indicate that with increase in curing temperature, impact strength decreases, but tensile and flexural strength increases and decreases thereafter attaining the maximum value at 100°C between aforementioned temperature range. The trend obtained for mechanical properties is further justified through the study of morphology with scanning electron microscopy, and optimum curing temperature has been suggested.     

稀土La2O3改性脲醛树脂的黏度特性研究

脲醛树脂(UF树脂)胶黏剂具有胶合强度高、制作简单、成本低廉、原料来源丰富等一系列特点,成为我国人造板生产的主要胶种,是市场上需求量最大的胶黏剂之一。但由于在固化时会放出刺激性的甲醛,游离甲醛高,在使用时严重危害人的健康。近年来,随着人们环保意识的提高,生产和使用低毒UF树脂胶势在必行。本文介绍了稀土氧化镧对脲醛树脂的改性过程并对改性后脲醛树脂胶的各项性能进行了测试。本实验通过在不同反应阶段加入稀土氧化镧,分别探讨它们对脲醛树脂胶黏剂性能影响。实验表明:在脲醛树脂胶中加入稀土氧化镧可以增加黏度、固化时间、固含量,并可以减少游离甲醛释放量。     

三塘湖盆地哈尔加乌组火山岩储集层孔隙特征及成因

低温氮气吸附实验是研究致密储集层微观结构特征的重要手段之一,目前在碎屑岩致密储集层研究中取得了较好的效果。应用低温氮气吸附实验,研究三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩致密储集层纳米级孔隙的成因。实验分析表明：三塘湖盆地上石炭统哈尔加乌组火山岩低温氮气吸附等曲线以墨水瓶形为主,随着深度增加,样品的平均孔径逐渐减小,总孔体积逐渐增大,样品比表面积逐渐增大,表征孔隙表面粗糙程度的分形维数也增大。结合场发射扫描电镜分析表明,三塘湖盆地哈尔加乌组火山岩致密储集层的微观孔隙结构形态与溶蚀作用有关,储集层埋藏越深,介于火山岩内部的烃源岩生成的有机酸越多,溶蚀作用就越强烈,长石等不稳定矿物溶蚀以后,形成新的矿物在喉道沉淀,一方面增加储集层的微观孔隙体积,另一方面降低了储集层渗透率。     

Effect of oil-solubility catalysts on the low-temperature oxidation of heavy crude oil

Due to low oil recovery factor in heavy oil reservoir, air injection with catalyst becomes a competitive technology to effectively reduce viscosity of crude oil as a result of the low cost and small environment pollution. This paper determined the feasibility of air injection with catalyst in a heavy oil reservoir through static and dynamic experiments. The results indicated that under the effect of catalyst, oxidation between heavy oil and air could significantly reduce the viscosity of crude oil. The optimal catalyst contained 0.7?wt. % oil-solubility organic acid copper and 0.5?wt. % sodium hydroxide. With the oxidation time increasing, viscosity of crude oil decreased and oil recovery factor increased. With temperature increasing, viscosity of crude oil decreased sharply and oil recovery factor increased. The oil recovery factor of air huff-n-puff process was 30.2%. Air injection with catalyst in the reservoir is a promising technology.     

An economic and environment friendly way of recycling boron carbide waste to prepare B4C/Al composite ceramic

Recently, with the rapid growth of sapphire wafer applications, boron carbide as abrasive, has shown an increasing demand. Great amounts of boron carbide waste (low purity and small grain size with D₅₀ ≈ 1 μm) are therefore produced during the production of boron carbide abrasives and barely recovered and utilized. This paper is aimed at developing an economic and environment friendly process to recycle the boron carbide waste through adding a certain amount of Al powder to prepare B₄C/Al composite ceramic. Prior to the sintering process, samples were firstly mixed with different Al powder and then pelleted and dehydrated. The effects of the pelletizing factors on performances of the pellets and the ceramics were optimized as binder hydroxypropyl methylcellulose addition 0.4%, pelleting pressure 30 MPa, Al addition 9 wt%, sintering time 90 minutes. Under these conditions, the apparent porosity, bulk density, compressive strength and flexural strength of the sintered B₄C/Al are 19.08%, 1.84 g/cm³, 246.88 MPa and 71.10 MPa respectively. Al addition can not only attribute to the low-temperature liquid sintering and densification of the product, but also generation of some stable phases including AlB₁₂, AlB₁₂C₂ and Al₃BC, which in turn increase the performance of the ceramic composite.     

Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of fast curing epoxy resins with isophorone diamine and N-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole

Fast curing epoxy resins were prepared by the reactions of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with isophorone diamine (IPD) and N-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole (API), and their curing kinetics and mechanical properties influenced by IPD content were also investigated. The analysis of curing kinetics was based on the nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data with the typical Kissinger, Ozawa, and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa models, respectively. The glass-transition temperature was also measured by the same technique. Additionally, the mechanical properties including flexural, impact, and tensile performances were tested, and the curing time was estimated by isothermal DSC. The degree of cure (α) dependency of activation energy (E_a ) revealed the complexity of curing reaction. Detailed analysis of the curing kinetics at the molecular level indicated that the dependence of E_a on the α was a combined effect of addition reaction, autocatalytic reaction, viscosity, and steric hindrance. From the nonisothermal curves, the curing reaction mechanism could be proposed according to the increasingly obvious low temperature peaks generated by the addition reaction of epoxy group with the primary amines in API and IPD molecules. Using the preferred resin formulation, the resin system could be cured within 10 min at 120 °C with a relatively good mechanical performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47950.