Simulation and experimental study on carbide dissolution process of Fe‐1C‐1.42Cr‐bearing steel

In this paper, the distribution of C and Cr in the microsegregation of Fe‐1C‐1.42Cr‐bearing steel was measured by experimental and numerical simulation methods. Melting points of the low‐melting zones were calculated with the Thermo‐Calc system; and then the verifications were made by heat treatment experiments and the temperature and time required for the bulk carbide dissolution process of bearing steel were tested. Bulk carbides could be dissolved by soaking for 60 minutes above 1260°C.     

钛合金TC4真空自耗熔炼工艺参数对宏观偏析影响

采用Fluent软件模拟了钛合金TC4真空自耗熔炼过程中温度场、流场和溶质场相互作用,研究了与铸锭直接相关的3个工艺参数(熔速、铸锭上表面温度和冷却强度)对铸锭宏观偏析的影响规律。结果表明：不同熔炼条件下,在铸锭1000 mm高度处的铁元素径向偏析均呈钟形分布,即铸锭芯部为正偏析,表面区域为负偏析,且负偏析程度均大于正偏析。熔炼速度对铸锭温度场和宏观偏析的影响最为明显：当熔炼速度由0.15 mm/s增加到0.18 mm/s时,铸锭达到稳定熔炼阶段时的高度由1200 mm增加到1600 mm,熔池深度由494 mm增加到738 mm。当距铸锭中心距离小于130 mm时,偏析随熔炼速度增加而减小,在熔炼速度为0.15 mm/s时达到最大值,为3.36%;当距铸锭中心距离大于295 mm时,偏析随熔炼速度增大而增大,在熔炼速度为0.21 mm/s时达到最大值6.23%。铸锭上表面温度和冷却强度对宏观偏析和熔池深度的影响不明显。通过正交分析得到3个主要工艺参数对宏观偏析影响程度为：熔炼速度>冷却强度>铸锭上表面温度,并得到最优工艺参数为熔炼速度0.15 mm/s、铸锭上表面温度21...     

Characterization and analysis about the heterogeneity of inclusions in a 500kg steel ball

The distribution and transfer mechanism of MnS inclusions are distinguished from the solute segregation in a 500 kg steel ball. The increase of MnS inclusions is obvious from the surface to the center of the steel ball, while the increase of solute content is slight. The massive MnS inclusions converge in the channel zone and in heterogeneous zones. During solidification, the interface tension drives MnS inclusions to the frontier of the dendritic zone. Some inclusions trapped may float to induce the channel zone. Solidification contraction tears such channel zone to attract more melt enriched with inclusions. Some inclusions converge in the extra-dendritic melt. At later solidification stage, solidification contraction dominates the macro-distribution of extra-dendritic melt to produce the heterogeneous zones.     

过热度对12Cr2Mo1R大扁锭凝固过程中心宏观偏析的影响

基于体积平均的两相数学模型,耦合求解温度场、流场和浓度场,模拟计算过热度对12Cr2Mo1R大扁锭凝固过程碳元素宏观偏析的影响。本模型将钢液密度设为依赖于温度和溶质浓度的函数。因而,可以综合考虑温度梯度、浓度梯度以及体积收缩等因素对钢液流动的作用,能够更加精确地预测凝固过程溶质元素分布。本次实验研究了过热度对凝固前沿温度梯度、凝固速率和钢液流动速率影响规律,以及最终碳元素宏观偏析情况。模拟结果表明:过热度的增加导致铸件表面区域凝固前沿温度梯度升高,而对中心线区域凝固前沿温度梯度的影响不显著;过热度对铸锭凝固速率的影响很小。此外,过热度的增加使得钢液流动速度相应增加,并使得固液两相区宽度相应的减小。铸锭凝固过程中碳元素宏观中心偏析总体表现为:当过热度40℃时,增加过热度对加剧铸锭中心偏析不显著;然而,当过热度40℃时,提高过热度使得铸锭中心偏析急剧恶化。     

Columnar to equiaxed transition of metals during solidification by using electric current pulse

 A new approach of applying the Electric Current Pulse (ECP) with parallel electrodes to promotion of the transition from columnar to equiaxed crystals and improvement of macrosegregation was introduced. And the experiments of application of ECP in the different stage of solidification have been carried out. The results show that applying ECP in both the initial and the late stage of solidification can promote the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET). Analysis shows that during solidification application of ECP induce a large number of nuclei around the upper surface, which subsequently showers down into the melt and impinges growth front of the columnar crystal. Therefore the CET occurs. In addition, this method is also employed to influence the solidification processing of bearing steel, the results show that the structrue is changed from columnar to equaixed, indicating that ECP can enhance the homogeneity of structure and composition of bearing steel.     

Columnar to Equiaxed Transition During Solidification of Small Ingot by Using Electric Current Pulse

A new approach to applying the electric current pulse (ECP)with parallel electrodes to the promotion of the transition from columnar crystal to equiaxed crystal and the improvement of macrosegregation was introduced. The ECP was applied to different stages of the solidification. The results showed that the application of the ECP in both the initial stage (the thickness of solidified shell reached 2 mm approximately)and the late stage (the thickness of solidified shell reached 14 mm approximately)of solidification can promote the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET). The analysis showed that during solidification, a large number of nuclei around the upper surface fell off due to ECP, which subsequently showered on the melt and impinged the growth front of the columnar crystal. There-fore, the CET occurred. In addition, this method was also employed to influence the solidification process of bearing steel, and the results showed that the structure was changed from columnar crystal to equiaxed crystal, indicating that ECP can enhance the homogeneity of structure and composition of bearing steel.     

连铸板坯宏观偏析特性

应用金属原位分析仪,对铸坯的成分偏析状况进行了分析.铸坯试样为120 mm中等厚度连铸坯.分析结果发现:铸坯中心偏析成岛状出现在中心线附近,且彼此孤立,中心成分起伏波动大,最大偏析一般在中心位置;正偏析元素(k＜1)在整个中心等轴枝晶区域内含量均比较高(即偏析值较大);柱状晶组织向等轴状晶的过渡区为严重偏析的高发区域.     

GCr15轴承钢连铸坯宏观碳偏析的基本规律

主要针对GCr15轴承钢凝固过程较易出现宏观碳偏析的现象，研究分析了宏观碳偏析形成的基本规律。取兴澄、石钢和永通3个不同特殊钢厂用不同连铸工艺所产轴承钢连铸坯横截面不同部位的试样，分析研究了碳的质量分数。结果表明，径向比对角线方向宏观碳偏析大；连铸坯柱状晶发达，导致中心位置附近出现较严重的碳正偏析；较致密的凝固组织有利于减轻宏观偏析；纵切面上的碳呈周期性分布。     

电磁场对2524铝合金扁铸锭微观组织和宏观偏析的影响

采用在常规结晶器上布置线圈而开发的低频电磁半连续铸造技术（LFEC）制备2524铝合金扁铸锭并系统研究其对微观组织和宏观偏析的影响。结果表明,采用低频电磁半连续铸造技术制备的扁铸锭具有更加细小、均匀的铸态组织,而且组织由枝晶和蔷薇型转变为等轴晶组织。低频电磁半连续铸造技术对铸锭宏观偏析具有重要的影响,施加磁场后铸锭中心部分的反偏析明显减弱了。同时,对这些作用的机理进行了探讨。