不同气氛对激光熔覆IN718涂层形貌、组织与性能的影响

目的研究不同气氛条件下激光熔覆IN718高温合金涂层的微观偏析。方法利用激光熔覆技术,在不同送粉气和不同保护气条件下制备了IN718高温合金涂层,并对制备的涂层进行双时效热处理。采用光学显微镜观察显微组织结构和特征,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对涂层组织和相成分进行分析,采用维氏硬度计对涂层热处理前后的硬度进行测定。结果送粉气种类对熔覆层的形貌和组织有一定影响,而保护气种类对熔覆层的形貌和组织影响不明显。与氩气作为送粉气制备的涂层相比,氦气作为送粉气制备的涂层组织更加细密,Laves相的尺寸更小且分布更均匀,Laves相的体积分数由氩气送粉的9.35%减少到氦气送粉的5.25%,并且Laves相中Nb的质量分数由20%下降到16%,涂层硬度由287HV0.2提高到306HV0.2。双时效热处理后,涂层的显微硬度明显提高,氦气作为送粉气制备的涂层硬度为468HV0.2,高于氩气作为送粉气制备的涂层硬度447HV0.2。结论氦气作为送粉气能有效降低激光熔覆IN718涂层的Nb元素偏析,同时细化涂层组织,提高涂层显微硬度。氦气作为保护气对涂层形貌和组织的影响不明显。     

Thermo-Calc based multi-component micro-segregation model and solidification paths calculations

On the basis of a multi-length scale modeling,a mixture-averaged multi-component/multiphase microsegregation model was proposed without pre-set function for the micro-scale solute profile.The model exp...     

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 采用金相、能谱、X射线衍射等分析方法对MnNiCu合金板材在冷轧过程中表面的龟裂原因进行分析。结果表明,龟裂是由于浇铸铸坯时产生了严重的枝晶偏析,富锰区和富铜区相互交替,经过热轧后形成沿板厚方向成层状分布的周期波动,在冷轧时发生龟裂。由于成分不均匀导致力学性能不均匀,在冷轧过程中各层之间的金属流动不能协调时,导致发生了龟裂。     

枝晶凝固过程中的溶质浓度分布模拟

采用元胞自动机方法(cellular automation)对单个枝晶凝固过程中的显微偏析和枝晶形貌进行了模拟，在模拟的过程中，对固相和液相中的溶质传输分别进行了计算，同时考虑到凝固过程中同相分数的变化对溶质传输的影响与文献中通常采用的浓度势方法的计算结果进行对比，模拟结果显示本文使用的计算方法模拟显微偏析过程中波动小、结果更为稳定。     

The effects of heat treatment condition and Si distribution on order-disorder transition in high Si steels

The decomposition and formation of ordered phases in steels with 5 to 6.5 %Si were investigated by a combined analysis of TEM and electrical resistivity measurements in order to determine the optimal heat treatment conditions for removal of ordered phases. TEM diffraction pattern study revealed that B2 ordered phase in 6.5 %Si steel was sufficiently dissolved by heat treatment at 850 °C for 1 h, and then rapidly re-formed during cooling. The critical cooling rate, above which the suppression of B2 phase formation was possible, increased rapidly with Si content higher than 5.6%. DO₃ phase appeared only in the case of as-cast samples containing Si content as high as 6.5%. The measurement of electrical resistivity change during the heat treatment showed that the atomic movement was substantially spurred above 800 °C, resulting in an active order-disorder transition. The removal of solidification segregation is necessary to reduce the amount of B2 ordered phase in the as-cast or hot-rolled state, to lower the heat treatment temperature for dissolution of B2 ordered phase, and to shorten the heat treatment time. This article is based on a presentation made in the 2003 Korea-Japan symposium on the “Current Issues on Phase Transformations”, held at Marriott Hotel, Busan, Korea, November 21, 2003, which was organized by the Phase Transformation Committee of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials.     

Elemental micro-segregation characteristic of fiber laser welded Hastelloy C-276 sheet

The elemental micro-segregation characteristic within the weld zone for ytterbium fiber laser welded Hastelloy C-276 sheet was investigated. The analysis of segregation ratio and equilibrium distribution coefficient of elements, determined through EDS data, indicate the reduction in micro-segregation of elements compared with the previous reported literatures for laser welded Hastelloy C-276. High melting efficiency of ytterbium fiber laser, reduction in the amount of linear heat input, and high cooling rate of the mushy zone lead to the reduction in micro-segregation. The melting efficiency of ytterbium fiber laser for welding of Hastelloy C-276 of 64% is higher than that (48%) of conventional welding methods. High melting efficiency leads to the reduction in the linear heat input required for welding. Hence, in the present investigation, the same was found to substantially reduce as compared to the previous reported literature. The cooling rate from liquidus temperature to solidus temperature at the weld centerline was found to be in the order of 10³ °C/s. Cellular dendritic substructure that constituted for lower micro-segregation was formed at the weld centerline.     

Precipitation behaviour of TiN in Nb-Ti containing alloyed steel during the solidification process

A transverse crack on the slab corner became a severe defect for Nb-containing steel due to precipitation of NbN particles along the prior austenite grain boundary. By adding Ti, the TiN particles were in priority precipitation than NbN which kept more Nb as solution condition in steel. In the present research, the formation mechanism of TiN was investigated by thermodynamics calculation and experiments. It came to the following conclusions. With an increase in the cooling rate of molten steel, the precipitation location of TiN particles moves from the γ grains boundary into the matrix. Based on the Ohnaka micro-segregation model, the precipitation behaviour of [Ti] and [N] was investigated under various solid fractions during the solidification process. As the solid fraction is larger than 0.95, the [Ti][N] value was higher than equilibrium value. Furthermore, inclusion of a high melting material such as Al₂O₃ played an important role in decreasing the nucleation potential barrier of TiN, which enhanced the formation of TiN particles in the molten steel. For micro-segregation models, according to the segregation degree at the solidification front, they can be sorted in the following sequence, Scheil?>?Ohnaka(2α)?>?B–F?>?C–K?>?Ohnaka(4α)?>?V–B?>?Lever.     

22MnB5钢溶质分配系数及TiN析出对微观偏析的影响

为了提高凝固过程中溶质微观偏析模型计算的准确性,基于溶质分配系数及夹杂物析出对溶质偏析的重要影响,定量分析了溶质分配系数以及TiN析出对凝固过程溶质元素含量的影响,为微合金高强钢凝固过程研究提供理论参考.针对22MnB5钢建立了耦合TiN析出热力学模型的溶质微观偏析模型,并探究了温度及钢液凝固路径对溶质分配系数的影响规...     

钒微合金化对718合金中铌元素偏析行为的影响

利用金相显微镜、电子探针、能谱仪等分析了含钒元素（V）0.066%的718合金铸锭凝固组织,对其微观组织和析出相特征进行分析,研究其中易偏析铌元素（Nb）的分布状态及偏析规律。结果表明,V元素的微合金化使718合金铸锭枝晶组织得到细化,二次枝晶间距及Nb元素的偏析系数均有所降低;由于Nb元素主要分布在Laves相及碳化物中,通过对二者体积分数的定量表征,V元素的加入大大降低Laves相及碳化物的析出,体积分数降低;线扫描分析表明,距Laves相越远,Nb元素含量越低,而含V样品中,这种含量降低的趋势有所减缓。所有分析结果均表明,V元素的合金化改善了718合金中Nb元素的偏析状态,细化了枝晶组织,对降低718合金均匀化热处理难度、提高合金成分和组织均匀性有利。含V碳化物在凝固过程中成为异质形核点,减小了凝固形核的驱动力,使得二次枝晶间距变小,表现出更小的Laves相体积分数和较细的枝晶组织。     

元胞自动机法模拟Al-4．5mass％Cu枝晶生长

通过引入溶质再分配、溶质扩散、界面能各向异性和界面曲率,构建了描述合金凝固微观组织形态演变的2D元胞自动机模型。并用该模型研究了Al-4.5mass%Cu合金凝固过程中树枝晶长大过程。结果表明:该模型较好地描述了枝晶生长、晶间和枝晶偏析。凝固过程中的溶质再分配直接影响着树枝晶的生长形貌和微观偏析形成。成份过冷是液/固界面失稳的主要原因,激发二次晶或三次晶产生。二次晶生长是相互竞争的过程,在成分过冷和曲率过冷作用下,二次晶根部溶质富集程度大,出现明显的"颈缩"。在枝晶生长过程中,枝晶间会形成小范围、高溶质浓度的孤立液体区域,形成晶间偏析或点偏析,树枝晶形貌对晶间偏析程度影响较大。在各枝晶臂上,先凝固部分溶质浓度较后凝固部分溶质浓度低,并且中心溶质浓度较边缘处溶质浓度低,形成枝晶偏析,枝晶偏析在枝晶的亚稳态生长阶段更显著。